System Administration Muhammad Umar Muhammad Adnan Abdul Muteeb Muhammad Mudasser Bilal Ahmad 3029 Hanzala Ashraf

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Principles and Learning Objectives Definition of system administrator. Software and Their Types. We Discuss operating System, function and their importance. What is utility programmers. How we Make USB Boot. How We install Window in Computer. Window Features. Difference between Virus and Anti virus.

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What is system Administrator?

A SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR, OR SYS ADMIN, IS A PERSON WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE UPKEEP, CONFIGURATION, AND RELIABLE OPERATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS; ESPECIALLY MULTI-USER COMPUTERS, SUCH AS SERVERS

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Software and their Types:

What is Software The term Software refers to a set of Computer

programs, procedures and associated documents describing the programs , and how they are to be used .

Software Classified in Two Types.1. System Software .2. Application Software. CoderCompany.com

Difference Between System and Application Software

System Software: Systems software includes the programs that are dedicated to managing the computer itself, such as the operating system, file management utilities, and disk operating system (or DOS).Application Software:Application software is a program or group of programs designed for end users. 

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Check this image.

What is Operating System? An operating system (OS)

is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an operating system to function.

Most popular Operating System The most popular operating system

today is Microsoft's Windows operating system.  Macintosh computers have their own operating system, the most recent of which is called Mac OS X.  There are also open source operating systems such as Linux.

History of Macintosh Computer.

The Macintosh (/ MAK-in-tosh), or Mac, is a series of personal computers (PCs) designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. Steve Jobs introduced the original Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This was the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user interface and mouse.

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Windows and Mac are GUI’s

Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh operating systems are “graphical user interfaces” or GUI’s.

GUI is defined as: A picture used in place of a word or words to issue commands

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GUI – Standards GUI interfaces have standards that are usually the same

or similar in all systems and applications. Standards apply to: • Pointers and pointing devices • Icons, desktops, windows and me

What does Operating System do?  Operating System is the set of programs

that controls a computer.  It provide a pleasant and effective

interface between the user and the hardware.

Makes the computer more convenient to use

Types of Operating System? Real-time operating system(RTOS) –Real-time operating systems are used

to control machinery, scientific instruments and industrial systems. Single-user, single task : As the name implies, this operating system is

designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time.

Single-user, multi-tasking : This is the type of operating system most people use on their desktop and laptop computers today.

Multi-user : A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage of the computer's resources simultaneously.

Distributed: A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer.

Embedded: Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy.

Features of Good Operating System efficient time spent to execute its programs should be short small in size memory occupied should be as small as possible reliable

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Functions of Operating System Process Management. Resource Management. File Management. Communication Management. Security Management. Memory Management.

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Process Management

All process from start to shut down. Booting Open Save Install Copy Print Send, etc. CoderCompany.com

Resource Management Installing drivers required for input, output, memory, power,

communication devices. Coordinating among peripherals

File Management Name. Folders. Location. Attributes – size, type, modified, protection, password etc. CoderCompany.com

Communication Management.

User – Application S/W – Hardware. One computer to other computer in LAN/WAN. Command interpretation. Downloading-Uploading.

Memory Management

The different types of memory in the system must be used properly so that each process can run most effectively.

Cache Memory •Cache - A section of a computer's memory which

temporarily retains recently accessed data in order to speed up repeated access to the same data.

It provides rapid access without having to wait for systems to load.

RAM Memory Random access memory (RAM) is the best known form of

computer memory. • RAM is considered "random access" because you can

access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell.

A ROM chip is non-volatile storage and does not require a constant source of power to retain information stored on it. When power is lost or turned off, a ROM chip will keep the information stored on it. In contrast, a RAM chip is volatile and requires a constant source of power to retain information.

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Security Management

Virus management. Alert messages. Dialogue boxes. Firewall. Passwords./ Access protection.

 Functionalities  Protects file and documents of the users. Protect the computer system from

unauthorized user. Provision of operate computer system by

only authorized users. Extended the security level of users

account i.e. either it is administration or guest account.

Disallow the unauthorized users to use the resources and data of the computer and also to share that resources.

Function of Operating System:

Boot Device:A boot device is any piece of hardware that can read or contains the files required for a computer to start.

Boot Disk:A boot disk is a removable digital data storage medium from which a computer can load and run (boot) an operating system or utility program. Recovery Disk:A recovery disk contains a few system files that will start the computer

Utility programmers A utility program, also called a

utility, is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs.

Utility programs are built-in to many operating systems or can be purchased separately.

Utility programmers Functions provided include: managing

files, searching for files, viewing images, uninstalling programs, cleaning up disks, defragmenting disks, backing up files and disks, setting up screen savers, securing a computer, etc.

Types of Utility Programs There are many types of utility programs1. File Manager2. Image Viewer3. Search Utility4. Personal Firewall5. Antivirus6. Disk Defragmenter7. Screen Saver8. Backup and restore utilities

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File Manager

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What is File Manager?

  A file manager or file browser is a computer program that provides a user

interface to manage files and folders. Examples: Window Explorer Web browser are also has the feature of file managing. e.g. Internet

Explore. File Commander. Some file managers provide network connectivity via protocols, such as

FTP, NFS……etc.

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Uses/Purposes

The most common operations performed on files or groups of files include:

Creating Opening (e.g. viewing, playing, editing or printing) Renaming Moving or copying Deleting and searching for files Modifying file attributes Properties and file permissions ……….etc

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Image Viewer

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What is Image viewer? An image viewer or image browser is a computer program that can display

stored graphical images; it can often handle various graphics file formats.Example: such as Photoshop or the GIMP or the StylePix Windows Photo viewer. Windows Picture and Fax Viewer in Windows XP ACDSee, FastPictureViewer, FastStone Image Viewer, Imagine, IrfanView,

Media Pro 1, pViewer, XnView

Features:

Typical features of image viewers are:  basic viewing operations such as zooming and rotation full screen display slideshow thumbnail display printing screen capture

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Advanced features are: 

decode next image in advance and keep previous decoded image in memory for fast image changes

display (and edit) metadata such as XMP, IPTC Information Interchange Model and Exif

batch conversion (image format, image dimensions, etc.) and renaming

create contact sheets create HTML thumbnail pages different transition effects for slideshows

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Search Utility Introduction: A couple of years back there were no contenders for this title. Today we have a wealth of choices. Wasting time looking for a file is a huge aggravation. Here are several tools to keep you from falling into that trap. 

Definition

Any utility that is used locally to help find specific data on either the desktop or on an on-premise server. In other words, Internet search utilities are not included, but everything else is fair game.

Search Utility

A search utility is a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify.

The criteria may include a word or words contained in a file, date of creation or modification, size of the file, location, file name, author, and other properties.

Search utilities typically use an index, which stores a variety of information about the file, including its name, date created and modified, and author to quickly locate the file.

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Search Utility In Windows, Explorer and the Start Menu contain a search box where you

enter the search criteria.

Disk Burning

Disc burning software is used to write text, graphics, audio and video files on a recordable or rewriteable CD(Compact Disc) and DVD(Digital Versatile Disc).It allows the user to backup data on optical disc.

Ways to burn a CD/DVD Windows Default disc burning By using desired software

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Default burning By using default utility

By using “DVD Flick” http://www.dvdflick.net/download.php(For Download)

Steps for Disk burning using “DVD Flick”1. Insert CD/DVD

2. Add title(add file you want to burn)

3. Menu Settings(to Insert a menu view)

4. Project setting(to give a title)

5. Burning(check the boxes ISO image, Burn project, disc label(write title name), Eject when done).

File compression

File Compression is used to shrink the file size. It is easier and faster to send files over the internet.

Ways of File Compression Default (Built-in). Using desired software(Winrar).

Default Compression

1. Right click on folder that you want to compress then click on properties.

2. Click on Send TO.

3. Check or click “Compression contents to save the disk space”.

4. Check the folder’s properties that you have compressed.

WinRAR

This is popular file compression software We can upload folds and more than one files using WinRAR It is also used to secure the files from viruses. It can highly compress the files . Download link for WinRARhttp://www.win-rar.com/predownload.html?&f=wrar511.exe&spV=true&subD=true&L=0

Make Bootable USB

This process By using UltraISOSteps For Installing and Making Win Boot1. First You have to download Widows ISO file from any platform you like.2. Downlaod Forms for windows ISO. * https://www.microsoft.com/ * http://webforpc.com/ *http://windows-8.en.malavida.com/3. Download PowerISO/UltraISO/Rufus software to Make bootable Windows.4. After downloading Install any of the Software You downloaded.5. Now open your installed software.

Installation Process

8. Now go to Tools And select Create Bootable USB drive Mentioned in Picture Below

9. Now select ISO file You downloaded in your PC

11. Now Hit Start button As mentioned in Screenshot Below

Windows 7 InstallationCPU’s requirements for installation of win 7 Minimum hardware that you need to have on your computer and should be checked in advance of installing.

1 GHz CPU with 32 bits or 64 bits. 1 GB Ram for 32 bits or 2 GB Ram for 64 bits. 16 GB empty space hard disk for 32 bits or 20 GB for 64 bits. DVD drive (if installing from a DVD).

Steps for windows 7 Installation1. Turn your computer on then press Del or F2 (depend on your computer’s

mainboard) to enter the system BIOS.2. choose Boot From CD/DVD.

3. Insert Windows 7 DVD into your DVD drive then start up your computer, Windows 7 will be loading files. 4. Select these parts: Language to Install, Time and currency format, Keyboard or input method. Then click Next. 5. Choose Install Now if you want to install Windows 7.6. Click 'I accept the license terms' in 'Please read the license' then click Next.7. Custom (advance)' if you want to install a new version of Windows.8. Choose Partition for installation.9. Wait for Installing Windows to progress.

Computer Virus

Definition: “A virus is a program that copy itself without the permission and knowledge

of the user”.

“Virus + computer=Death”.

Characteristics

Ability to replicated itselfAbility to attached itself to another

computer fileSlow down the response timeExtensive pop-up-ads.Damage the computer hard drive

Differentiate virus and Worm

Some people distinguish between general viruses and worms. A worm is a special type of virus that can replicate itself and use memory, but cannot attach itself to other programs.

Worm is too dangerous than virus

Types of Computer Viruses

Boot Sector Virus Browser Hijacker File Infector Virus Macro Virus Multipartite Virus Polymorphic Virus Resident Virus Web Scripting Virus CoderCompany.com

Viruses

Corrupt data

Show massages

DisableHardware

Corrupt window

Slowdowncomputer

Delete Data files

Working Of Virus

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History of virus 1949, scientist of Mathematics JOHAN VON NEUMANN proposed the idea of

self replicated program which he describe the acting motion of virus in a real world.

1960,A group of programmer developed a game called core ware which produced a copy itself as well as the games Is run.

1980, Microsoft developed MS-DOS ,A fast OS on the planet . After this virus become more thick and fast.

1986 major mile stone world protrusion called pc-writ.it is also called Trojan Hoarse.

1988,a virus called MORRIS work for MS-DOS

1999, A famous MELISSA virus W97M/Melissa executed a macro with an attachment file from an email. This is turn forward into the 50people.Now they used internet

2000,I love you virus developed .its function like Melissa but it is too power full than Melissa .it would delete the media files like MP3 Images Videos etc.

2001 core red 1&2 Virus developed. Sven hundred thousand machine infected from this and 2 billion dollar of the damage.

2003, SQL Slammer virus developed .from this internet become very slow all over the world.6 moths later MICROSOFT released a Fix For the BUG called slammer.

2007, A virus developed called STORM WORM.it connect computer to the BOT-NET.

2016, Different virus MALWARE, ADWAER, SPYWARE which steel information today from the computer alover the world

ANTIVIRUS

Definition: Antivirus is a software which is used to preventing a computer

system from virus by detecting and removing it.

Antivirus are special program that detect and remove virus from computer system.

Virus Scanning Process

.Antivirus

Scene system

Virus not foundVirus found/ detected

Show message

Remove virus

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List of Antivirus

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