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What is the Gettysburg Address?
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On November 2, 1863, several month after the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3), Pres. Lincoln was invited to make
a speech at the consecration of a cemetery for the Union war dead. On November 19, 1863, Lincoln attended the
dedication ceremony and gave the short speech that we now call the Gettysburg Address.
Even before the war ended, Lincoln issued (December 8, 1863)a proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction for those areas
of the Confederacy occupied by Union armies. He offered a pardon,with certain exceptions, to any Confederate who would swear to
support the Constitution and the Union. Once a group in anyconquered state is equal to 1/10 of the states total vote in the
presidential election of 1860 took the oath and organized a gov. that abolished slavery, HE would grant the gov. executive recognition.
Congress refused to seat the Senators and Representativeselected from these states.
In the Compromise of 1877, Democrats agreed to acceptthe Republican presidential electors and Rutherford B. Hayes.Republicans agreed to withdraw the remaining federal troops
from the South, enact laws that would promote industrialization of the South, appoint Democrats to patronage positions
in the South, and appoint a Democrat to the president’s cabinet.
Carpetbagger was a term used in the South to describe Northerners who went South during Reconstruction to make money. They arrived
with their possessions in a carpetbag (cloth bag). With the support of the black vote, the carpetbaggers
played an important role in Republican stateGovernments.
On November 12, 1864, the Union Gen. William T. Sherman marchedhis troops out of Atlanta toward the Atlantic Coast. He and his
62,000 Union soldiers left a 60 mile wide path of destruction arrivingin Savannah on December 10. The Federal troops continue to march, destroy, and burn everything in their path. They arrived at Columbia,
South Carolina on February 17, 1865. This event is sometimes called Sherman’s “March to the Sea.” Along the path of this march,
Union soldiers destroyed railroads, burned mills and factories,burned houses and towns, confiscated livestock, and displaced people.
What is the Reconstruction Era?
The Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) wasthe period of time following the Civil War
during which the U. S. government workedto reunite the nation and rebuild the
southern states.
What happened in the Election of 1876?
In the 1876 election, Samuel J. Tilden (D) ran against Rutherford B. Hayes (R). Tilden won the popular vote and had 184 electoral votes. Hayes had 165. Twenty votes were disputed in S. Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida. These states submitted two sets of electoral ballots.
On March 2, 1867, Congress passed the first Reconstruction Act. The South was divided
into five military districts, each under a major general of the U.S. Army. Pres.
Andrew Johnson selected the military administrators.
John Pope was selected for Georgia, Alabama, and Florida.
Scalawag is a term used in the South after the Civil War to describe native white
Southerners who joined the Republican party and aided in carrying out the congressional
Reconstruction program. A Republican who came from the
north was called a carpetbagger.
An agrarian society is a society in which most of the people make a living
by farming (agriculture).
What did the new farm inventions such as harvesters and threshers do for farmers?
Farm inventions such as the harvesters and threshers helped farmers increase the production of crops. They could now grow
more wheat, corn, oats, and other crops.
Barbed wire is a kind of wire used tobuild fences to protect crops and livestock.
At one time, there were dozens of kinds, but all barbed wire has metal protrusions (barbs, hooks)
that scratches, cuts, rips, and tears clothingor human and animal flesh.
Name three inventions that helped new industries to grow.
Three inventions that encouraged the growth of new industries are the:
TelephoneTypewriter
Transatlantic cable
On July 27, 1866, on the fifth attempt, a strong,insulated telegraph cable (wire) was laid on the bottom
of the Atlantic Ocean. The “transatlantic cable”was 1862 miles long. The cable started in Valentia,
Ireland and ended in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland. Now,North American and Europe could communicate rapidly.
Name 4 inventions of the 1800s thatencouraged settlement of the Midwest.
Four inventions of the 1800s that encouragedthe settle of the Midwest are the:
Steel plowCast-Iron WindmillMechanical Reaper
Barbed Wire
In the late 1800s, where were most of the battles between Native American groups
and the U. S. military fought? What state?
In the late 1800s, most of the battles between Native American groups and the U. S.
military were fought in Montana.
What did the Populist Part of the 1890spromote?
The goals of the Populist Party of the 1890s were:
electoral reform,expanded money supply, and
regulation of big business.
Frontier is a word used by colonists and pioneers to describe land on the
edge of their settlements.
How are the following related: Whig, Populist, Democrat, and Republican?
Whig, Populist, Democratic and Republican are all U. S. political parties.
Industrialization is the term used to explainthe change from living and working
on farms to living in crowded cities, workingin large factories, and making products using
machines powered by steam, coal, gas, electricity, or other power sources.
How were the buffalo annihilated?
Thousands, perhaps millions, of buffalo roamed the west. As people moved west, the buffalo was killed for food
and hides (skins). Some people killed the buffalo to makeway for ranches and farms. At times the military, killed
the buffalo to deprive the Native Americans of theirfood supply. Other people killed hundreds of animals
a day for sport. They left the bodies to rot where they fell.
What does null and void mean?
Null and void means something is without legal force or not binding.
Who was Ida Tarbell?
Ida Tarbell was a muckraker, who wroteabout the unfair business practices of
the Standard Oil Company. Ms Tarbell’sbook is the History of the Standard Oil
Company.
Beginning in the late 1800s, name two sources of power for new industries.
Beginning in the late 1800s, oil and electricity powered new and developing industries.
What does urbanization mean?
Urban is the word for a city or a town. It is the opposite of the country or rural. Urbanization is the process of movement
of people from farms to the cities.
Why were railroads built in sparselypopulated parts of Alabama?
In Alabama, railroads were built in sparsely
populated areas to support the coal an iron industries.
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
The Freedmen’s Bureau was an agency established by Congress in 1865 to help
poor people in the south. The bureauprovided food, education, and legal
help for freed people. It also assistedAfrican American war veterans.
What is industrialization?
Industrialization is the process ofdevelopment and growth of very large businesses,
industries, or manufacturing enterprises. Examples: paper industry,
tourist industry, airline industry, communication industry.
Who said the following: “I will neverconsent to abandon to the enemyone foot of soil of any one of theStates of the Confederacy…?”
Jefferson Davis, the presidentof the Confederacy, said these words.
What is the book, The Jungle, about?
In 1906, Upton Sinclair wrote a book, The Jungle, about meatpacking plants.
The American people were so upset by this book that the government investigated
the meatpacking plants in Chicago andchanged the food laws of the U.S.
![Order of Battle 11 Gettysburg July 3 1863. Union - The Army of the Potomac [Ospey Oob 11]](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/54801a6ab4af9f9b158b5ce3/order-of-battle-11-gettysburg-july-3-1863-union-the-army-of-the-potomac-ospey-oob-11.jpg)
