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What is Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G) and why should we care?
What is Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)
and why should we care?
Make the most of this webinar
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Participate in Live Q&A
Webinar will be recorded and
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PatrickAgese
PhD researcher/Moderator
Russell Fowler
Market Insight Manager
FES 2017 - Focus on EV's
Vincent Oldenbroek
PhD researcher
Car as Power Plant (FCEV)
Ian Muller
Founder andDirector
IOT Communications forV2G
Andrew Jenkins
PhD researcher
Urban Microgrids with high penetration of EVs
What isNEETS?NEETS is a global community with one key goal of supporting solutions
to the challenges faced by the energy and electrified transport sector.
Transport Experts
Energy Experts
Academics
Government
Customers
NEETS – Webinar – Electric Vehicles
Russell Fowler | Market Insights Manager | System Operator
July 2017
About National Grid UK
6
Electricity
GeneratorsGas Producers
and Importers
National Grid Transmission UK
(Electricity & Gas)
Syste
m O
pera
tor
Commercial and
Domestic Customers
Electricity
Distribution
Networks
Gas
Distribution
Networks
We develop future energy scenarios and explore those
in more detail in thought pieces
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Scenarios Thought
pieces
EVs are here and here to stay - by 2050 all
vehicles could be electric in Two Degrees
There are around
30 million
vehicles on the
road today
Heavy good
vehicles likely to
move to natural
gas or hydrogen
before they
electrify
There are around
100,000 EVs on
the road today
EV peak demand depends not just on number
of vehicles, but how there are charged and
how consumers engage with them
Peak demand
today is around
60 GW – could
rise to between
65 GW and 85
GW by 2050
Peak EV demand
depends on:
• Charger size
• When EVs are
charged
Consumer’s
engagement with
EVs is vital to
avoid
unnecessary
increases in peak
demand…
Assumptions around engagement can have a
large effect on peak demand from EVs…
Natural diversity, as people have different
working patterns and social lives, means only
around 21% of EVs will charge at peak. As
engagement increases across the scenarios this
will range from around 5% to 17%.
An engaged consumer will look to shift their EV
peak charging away from peak time – either
using tariff to incentivize shifting demand to
overnight or using smart apps / third party
aggregators to manage their EV charging.
So what about vehicle to grid?
Early days in the UK for V2G, with numerous
trials ongoing. We are developing a Thought
Piece on V2G to be published in the next few
months…..
…high level if you take the number of:
• EVs at home at peak - 5M in Two Degrees
• Engaged consumers - 80% in Two Degrees
• With off road parking - around 53% of home
• All with a 7kW charger
you get a potential capacity of upto 15 GW
available at peak time…
More information on our thought pieces and Future
Energy Scenarios can be found on our website…
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Thought Pieces published on:
• The future impact of residential air conditioners on
electricity demand
• Off Grid? Can I run my house without using
electricity from the grid?
• Forecourt thoughts: Mass fast charging of
electric vehicles
http://fes.nationalgrid.com/insights/
2017 Future Energy Scenarios
Available at www.nationalgrid.com/fes
Email: [email protected]
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What is Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)
and why should we care?
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle-2-Grid
‘Car as a Power plant’ – TU Delft
NEETS webinar – 26th July 2017
Vincent Oldenbroek - [email protected]
Acknowledgement: The CaPP project is being funded by the NWO program ‘Uncertainty Reduction in Smart Energy Systems’ (URSES) – Project number: 408-13-001
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Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) - Netherlands
V2G Pilots with BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles)
• Lomboxnet, Neighbourhood ‘Lombok’, city of Utrecht
• Tennet, The New Motion & Nuvve: Frequency imbalance
• SEEV4-City Interreg North Sea Region
Transmission & Distribution System Operators
involved (TSOs & DSOs) grid services
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Lomboxnet, city of Utrecht• ‘Smart solar charging’ - www.lombox.nl
• Bi-directional charging with BEVs storage
• Car-sharing http://www.wedrivesolar.nl
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Tennet (TSO), The New Motion & Nuvve
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SEEV4-City
• Amsterdam City
• Amsterdam Area Stadium
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Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) – ‘Car as a Power Plant’
• Passenger cars parked >90% of the time, why not use them better?
• Integration of transport & energy
electricity & hydrogen
>90%
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Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) – TU Delft
• Hyundai ix35 FCEV - 10 kW V2G output
– 100 kW fuel cell
• FCEV V2G electricity from (seasonal stored)
Hydrogen (H2) to balance intermittent renewables?
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle-to-Grid, presented at European Fuel Cell and Electrolyser Forum (EFCF) 2017, Luzern
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Developments facilitating V2G power
• Self-driving & parking cars: “Mobility & Power on demand”
• Wireless (dis)-charging self connecting, Nissan
• FCEV & V2G: Honda & Toyota (Bus-to-Grid)
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UK - Potential Electric Power with V2G?
UK 2050 – 2 degrees scenario
• Solar, Wind, Marine: 53% of intermittent installed power
• Balancing plants & Nuclear 40 GW
– ≈ 4 million # V2G cars @ 10 kW
– ≈ 13% of UK cars (2016)
• Balancing power plant used only for 12%
• 2.5+ million/year cars sold in UK
– ≈ 25 GW (V2G cars @ 10 kW)
• V2G Great Potential?
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Interconnecting renewable countries
Future low/high wind/solar
production
Affects multiple countries
At the same time
Back-up & balancing
power plants + energy
storage required!
Source: www.dnvgl.com
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Hydrogen, synergies across all sectors
• Large scale seasonal energy storage possible
• Less need for extreme expansion electricity grid
• Hydrogen is feedstock for chemicals (e.g. fertilizer)
• Transport, hydrogen fuel for;
– (heavy) cars, buses, drones, boats, trains, planes
– ~400kg Lighter powertrain, same driving range;
– Honda FCV Clarity vs. Tesla Model S P100 (EPA)
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UK: Hydrogen seasonal energy
storage
Existing
Underground H2
Saltcavern storage
Teesside
Future
Energy
Scenarios
July 2017
25
Hydrogen seasonal energy storage
https://www.agbzw.nl/waterstofproject
Power-To-
Hydrogen
(P2H)
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Hydrogen seasonal energy storage
e.g. in winter;
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Hydrogen fuel for cars, but also:
Train-to-Grid?Ferry-to-Grid?
Drones
Airplanes
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100% renewable societies,
the challenge is HUGE,
and 2050 is like TOMORROW,
We need ALL solutions!
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UK energy demand; seasonal effects
He
at
1 year
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EU - Potential Electric Power with V2G?EU 2050 - 100% Renewable scenario
• Solar and Wind main producers
• Back-up plants 215 GW
– ≈ 21,5 million # FCEVs @ 10 kW
– ≈ 9% of EU cars
• 11+ million/year cars sold in EU
– ≈ 110 GW (FCEVs @ 10 kW)
• V2G Great Potential?
Source: http://www.roadmap2050.eu/
*Includes nuclear, hydro, biomass, geothermal, solar CSP
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FCEV2G: Smart City Transport & Energy with H2
EU average case study, techno-economic scenario analysis:Oldenbroek, V., Verhoef, L. A., & van Wijk, A. J. (2017). Fuel cell electric vehicle as a power plant: Fully renewable integrated transport and energy system design and analysis for smart city areas. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(12), 8166-8196.
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FCEV2G: Hospital Emergency and
balancing power & Transport with H2
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FCEV2G: Balancing National transport,
electricity and heating systems with H2
Creating Virtual Energy Storage
Systems from Aggregated Smart
Charging Electric Vehicles
Andrew Jenkins – UK – Session 4 – 0937
• Power system desire for flexibility
• Electric Vehicle driver’s requirements
• Aggregation and control
• Results
• Conclusions
Scope
Power stations in the UK
above 900 MW, May 2014
Coal
GasNuclear
Pumped storage
Oil
Power system flexibility
Power system flexibility
Power system flexibility
33 kV
11 kV
7x transformers and feeders
2x 15 MVA
500 kVA
4x service sections (96 customers connected to each)
400 V
5x 11 kV feeders
33 kV Source
500 kVA
• Matching supply & demand
• Thermal limits
• Voltage magnitude & unbalance
Driver’s requirements“Electric Vehicles are stationary
for around 95% of the time”Degradation drivers:
• Additional cycling
• High charging rates
• High state of charge
Driver’s requirements
Aggregation: Urban car park• 50 parking spaces
• 45 cars per daySt Dev = 3 cars
• -3 kW to +7 kW, 24 kWh
• 09:00 – 18:00St Dev = 1.2 hours
• Arrival SOC = 53%St Dev = 15%
• Departure SOC >= 80%
Aggregation: Urban car park
Max (G2V) Min (G2V)
Power
Energy
Control
Ensure 80% SOC
Charging
Discharging
Average remaining power between
vehicles with SOC<80%
Average remaining power between
vehicles with SOC>80%
Average remaining power between all vehicles
Results
Reliability = 99.98%
Results
Reliability = 98.83%
Results
• EVs can reliably (~99%) be called upon, in aggregate, to supply ancillary services to the electrical distribution network
• Risk of decreased controllability around the time vehicles leave the car park
• Battery life is expected, in the majority of cases, to increase by utilising the algorithm proposed
Conclusions
IoT for EV Charging and V2GIan Muller - 26.07.17
History of IoT/M2M
• Mass Traction with inception of GPRS
• Cellular is not the Panacea
• LPWANs
• Analytics
Protocol Standardisation
IoT Connectivity in the future of V2G
Potential future IoT connectivity for EV Charging
WWW
PaaS Cloud IoT analytics (OSCP/OCPP)
Workplace
Home
LPWAN (Mesh) Rural or connectivity
challenged e.g Multi dwelling
units
Urban well connected Destination
Smart Grid -Distribution
V2G Power and Data Flows
Large Scale Charge Point Operators
WWW
Power Distribution
PaaS V2G IoT Analytics (Open Smart Charge Protocol and Open
Charge Point Protocol) OSCP/OCPP
V2G Power Flow
Barriers
Affordable V2G charger with similar cost to smart EV chargers
No simple market framework with regulated players and standards
Clear communication and engagement with the EV owners
Developing a supply chain
Recent positivesigns
£20 Million - V2G UK Government Funding
£246 Million - "Faraday Challange " UK Government funding
3 year smart charging Trial (500 - 700 EVs and PHEVs)
Key learning: The average time an EV is plugged in overnight is
10hrs 40mins. But only 2 hours is spent on charging. For more info
see (http://www.electricnation.org.uk)
DNO - DSO transition
Regulatory Involvement
National Grid - SNaPS
Create a better market
framework for newsmart
technologies
One keyquestion?
Battery degradation a barrier?
350
280
210
140
70
0
Ran
ge
(mile
s)
73% reduction in price (source: BNEF) Significant technology improvement
"Results suggest that the smart-grid formulation is able to reduce the EVs’ battery pack
capacity fade by up to 9.1% and power fade by up to 12.1%" - Dr Kotub Uddin
(University of Warwick)
Projects
