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What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 2
What units would be appropriate to measure the radii of atoms?
Predict how many atoms you think a medium-sized nanoscale particle might contain.
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 3
5nm
How many atoms with a radius of 5 x 10-2 nanometers:
•Would fit on one 5 nm edge of this nanoparticle?•Would this nanoparticle contain?
2 nm
1 nm
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 5
C(s)1 atom of Carbon
CO2(g) 1 molecule ofCarbon dioxide
→ yields
+ O2(g)Plus 1 molecule of Oxygen
Read this equation
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 6
Type of Sample
Characteristic Atomic/Molecule Samples
NanoparticleSamples
Macro-sized Samples
Number of atoms/
molecular unitsin sample
1 10 -70,000 > 1 x 105
to multiples of moles
6.02 x 1023
Comparing Types of Samples
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 7
CO2(g)1 mole ofCarbon dioxidemolecules
→ yields
+ O2(g) plus 1 mole ofOxygen molecules
C(s)1 mole of Carbon atoms
Read this equation
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 8
Type of Sample
Characteristic Atoms/Molecules
NanoparticleSamples
Macro-sized Samples
Number of atoms/
molecular unitsin sample
1 10 -70,000 > 1 x 105
to multiples of moles
6.02 x 1023
What makes it different?
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 9
Did we work with any nanosized samples?
Nanoscience
Fewer than 70,000 atoms per particle?
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 10
Characteristic Atoms/Molecules
Nanoparticles Macro-Sized Samples
Number of atoms/
molecular units
in sample
1 10 -70,000 > 1 x 105
to multiples of moles
6.02 x 1023
Size of particlesin sample
3.5 x 10-2 to
2.6 x 10-1 nanometers/
atomic radius to 0.2–2 nm / molecule
1 to ≈ 100nanometers
>100 nm - ∞ nm
Type of Sample
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 11
Type of Samples
Characteristic Atoms/Molecules
Nanoparticles Macro-sized Samples
Number ofatoms/
molecularunits
in sample
1 10 -70,000(except for
discrete structures)
> 1 x 105
to multiples of moles6.02 x 1023
Size ofparticles
in Sample
3.5 x 10-2 to 2.6 x 10-1
nanometers/atomic radius to
0.2-2 nm / molecule
1 to ≈ 100nanometers
>100 nm - ∞ nm
Regime QuantumChemistry
Classical Lawsof Physics (Newtonian)
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 12
Quantum ChemistryElectrons
Classical PhysicsSatellites
Motion and Position Descriptions
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 13
Quantum ChemistryElectrons
Classical PhysicsSatellites
• Electrons do not “orbit” the nucleus. We use quantum chemistry to describe probability regions for finding an electron in an atom because it is not possible to simultaneously calculate both the position of the electron and its velocity.
• Electrons have “dual personalities,” they have both matter and wave characteristics.
• Electrons are in constant motion and in specific (quantum) energy states. They remain there unless affected by an external energy source.
• Satellites move in orbits around the Earth. We can determine precisely the orbit of a satellite and the velocity of that satellite.
• Satellites are matter.
• The motion of satellites follows the laws of classical physics. A satellite requires a force to put it in orbit and will fall back to Earth unless there is a periodic boost to counteract the Earth’s gravity.
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 14
Characteristic Atoms/Molecules
Nanoparticles Macro-sized Samples
Number ofatoms/
molecularunits
in sample
1 10 -70,000(except fordiscrete
structures)
> 1 x 105
to multiples of moles
6.02 x 1023
Size ofparticles
in sample
3.5 x 10-2 to
2.6 x 10-1 nanometers/
atomic radius to 0.2-2 nm / molecule
1 to ≈ 100nanometers
>100 nm - ∞ nm
Regime QuantumChemistry
??? Classical Lawsof Physics
Type of Sample
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 15
Characteristic Atoms/Molecules Nanoparticles Macro-sized Samples
Number ofatoms/
molecularunits
in sample
1 10 -70,000(except for
discrete structures)
> 1 x 105
to multiples of moles
6.02 x 1023
Size ofparticles
in sample
3.5 x 10-2 to 2.6 x 10-1
nanometers/atomic radius to
??? / molecule
1 to ≈ 100nanometers
>100 nm - ∞ nm
Regime QuantumChemistry
New or refined model?
Classical Lawsof Physics
(Newtonian)
Type of Sample
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 16
sometimesare not sure
WHAT they are!
Nanoscience
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 17
1. Compare nanoparticles to atoms/ molecules and macrosamples (Number of Units/Sample, Size, Regime).
2. What types of instruments do you think are needed to investigate nanoparticles?
Making Connections
What Makes Nanoscience so Different?© McREL 2009 18
Lesson 1.2 What Makes Nanoscience so Different?
What makes Nanoscience so different?Compare Newtonian and Quantum Chemistry Regimes as they relate to nanoscale science
Lesson 1.3 What Makes Nanoscience so Important?
Lesson 3.1Carbon Chemistry
Lesson 1.1 What is Nanoscience?
What is Nanoscience? Examine and Compare size: macro, micro, sub-micro (nano)SI prefixes
Lesson 2.2 Extendable Solids: Reactivity, Catalysis, Adsorption
Lesson 2.3Extendable Structures: Melting Point, Color Conductivity
Lesson 3.2Fullerenes and Nanotubes
Lesson 2.1 Extendable Solids
Poster Assessment
Module Flow Chart