What we are looking for
through utilizing the global earth
observation
14 January 2012
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Yusuke AMANO
1
To clarify what sort of data are to be
monitored for the following stages of
water resources management including
flood management.
1. Planning WRM
2. Operating WRM system when drought or
flood is occurring
Outline
Our expectation and/or hope
to the global earth observation 2
1. Planning for water resources management
Demand SupplyWater Balance
Water demand is not only the current needs
on water but also the future needs in
consideration with economic growth and
population increase.
Supply potential in a drought year in the
current and future climate.
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1. Planning for water resources management
Demand
SupplyWater Balance
� Reducing the usage of water
� Recycling of waste water
� Storage (reservoirs, lakes)
� Reducing the water leakage
Planning for Water Resource Management
4
1. Planning for water resources management
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Macedonia(1999)The study on integrated water resources development and management master plan
Bulgaria(2008)The Study on Integrated Water Management
Nigeria(1995)The Study on the National Water Resources Master Plan
Vietnam(2003)The study on nationwide water resources development and management
Philippines(1998)Master plan study on water resources management
Malaysia(1982)National Water Resources Study
Zambia(1995)The study on the national water resources master plan
Kenya(1998)The aftercare study on the national water master plan
Kenya(1992)The study on national water master plan
Cote d'Ivoire(2001)Master plan study on integrated water resources management
JICA has provided technical assistances to
establish the national WRM plan.
1. Planning for flood management
Flood scale targeted to protect the area is to
be determined.
� Annual maximum river discharge in certain
return period (which is calculated by model
utilizing annual maximum rainfall) or
� Annual maximum river discharge in record
� Increasing river flow capacity (embankment,
widening channel, etc)
� Storage (reservoirs, lakes, retarding basins)
Planning for flood management6
For Structural Measures
+ Non Structural Measures
� Study on Integrated Plan for Flood Mitigation in Chao
Phraya River Basin in 1999
1. Planning for flood management
7
JICA has provided technical assistances to
establish the flood management plan.
� Study on Plan for Flood Management in Metro Manila in
1990
Floodway
1. Planning for water resources management
Necessary Data to plan WRM
� water consumption for portable water,
agriculture (irrigation) and industrial water
� simulation on population growth and
economic growth
� rainfall (daily), river flow quantity (daily),
operation data of the reservoir (daily) and
groundwater level (daily)
at the respective river basins [during at
least 10 years]
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1. Planning for flood management
Necessary Data to plan for flood mng.
� Topographical data in rivers (dike/bank
alignment, cross sections, weirs, etc.)
� Topographical data in basins
� Inundation data (area, depth, duration)
recorded in the past flood
� rainfall (hourly), water level in rivers
(hourly) , river flow quantity (hourly),
operation data of the reservoir (hourly)
at the respective river basins [during at
least 10 years] 9
1. Planning
Rainfall-runoff simulation model
Rain is a natural phenomenon which has time and
spatial distribution. Rainfall gauge produces data at only a point. The whole rainfall distribution and
run-off process are integrated into one (river flow quantity).
To compromise missing data, water circle simulation
model is established.
rainfall, evaporation
(temperature), geographical
data, land use, (snowfall)
Model
river flow quantity, ground water level
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1) insufficient monitoring stations
2) inadequate operation and
maintenance for monitoring stations
3) shortage of monitoring duration and
inconsecutive monitoring
4) incorrect data
5) not stored data
Issues to be tackled regarding data collection
1. Planning
It is expected that the development of global
observation will help better planning for
IWRM. 11
2. Operating WRM system
Demand
SupplyWater Balance
If water supply is insufficient,
It is needed to
�Increase the amount of discharge
from a dam etc. and/or
�Implement the restriction on water
intake 12
2. Operating WRM system
Necessary Data for WRM
For water demand,
�Present water consumption for portable
water, agriculture (irrigation) and industrial
water [on a daily basis]
�Water rights for the respective water users
For water supply,
�Present river flow quantity , present dam
discharge and present groundwater level
�Past data mentioned above
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2. Operating WRM system
JICA has provided some assistances for
operating WRM system.
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� Proposal for establishing WRM system
� Installation of the weather and hydrological
observation equipments
� Capacity Development for operating WRM
system
2. Operating flood risk reduction system
It is needed to grasp
�the real rainfall
�the real water level in rivers
(river flow quantity)
�the real data on dam operation 15
To reduce the risk on flood, it is important
to forecast and warn flood based on
monitoring rainfall and water level in rivers.
Therefore
2. Operating flood risk reduction system
Necessary Data for Flood
�Present cumulative amount of rainfall,
present water level in rivers, present river
flow quantity and present dam discharge at
the respective river basins [on a hourly
basis]
�Past data mentioned above
�Forecasting the amount of rainfall,
predicting water level in rivers one hour
after
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2. Operating flood risk reduction system
JICA has provided some assistances for risk
reduction on flood.
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� Installation of the weather and hydrological
observation equipments and development of
flood forecasting and warning system
� Capacity Development on flood risk reduction
‣Community-based
early warning system
‣Study for Disaster Risk
Management
Issues to be tackled regarding data collection
2. Operating
It is expected that the development of global
observation will help better operation of
IWRM system. 18
1) insufficient monitoring stations
2) inadequate operation and maintenance for
monitoring stations
3) incorrect data
4) not transmitted data in a timely manner
5) no installation of flood forecasting
system
JICA’ Challenge
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1) To support to develop better IWRM
system including on-time and on-site
activities; and
2) To incorporate the latest achievement of
global earth observation into the IWRM
system.