Final Review What you need to know for your Final: o English Literary History from 1785 - now o Terminology used in discussing literature in order to analyze reading passages o The basic plot and
Transcript
Slide 1
What you need to know for your Final: o English Literary
History from 1785 - now o Terminology used in discussing literature
in order to analyze reading passages o The basic plot and
characterization of Pride and Prejudice
Slide 2
Review your reading and make sure you are comfortable with the
major themes in English Literature from 1785. You can review all of
our PowerPoints on e- companion This section will be short answer
like the midterm (3-5 sentences)
Slide 3
1789 - 1815 Revolutionary and Napoleonic period 1807 British
Slave Trade outlawed 1811 - 20 The Regency: George, Prince of
Wales, acts as regent for George III 1819 Peterloo Massacre 1820
Accession of George IV
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William Blake William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge George
Gordon, Lord Byron Percy Bysse Shelley John Keats Yet several
authors, mainly women, were more popular early in the period: Anne
Barbauld, Charlotte Smith, Mary Robinson Older authors: Gray,
Collins, Crabbe, and Cowper
Slide 5
American Revolution 1776 French Revolution 1789 Reign of Terror
1804 Napolean 1815 Ongoing social pressure Mary Wollstonecrafts A
Vindication of the Rights of Man Edmund Burke Reflections on the
Revolution in France
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1765 James Watts perfects steam engine Rise of mill towns
Enclosures Divisions into capital and labor Laissez-faire economics
Child labor Working Conditions Fear of Revolution
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Great spirits now on earth are sojourning Keats Lake Schools
Wordsworth, Coleridge, Robert Southey Cockney Schools Leigh Hunt,
William Hazlitt, Keats Satanic School Percy Shelley, Byron
Revolution as apocryphal Promise and Regret
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The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings Wordsworth First
person lyric poetry and self reference Bardic ideals and innovation
Romantic nature poetry Personification of nature and landscape
Ordinary subjects The supernatural, the romance, psychological
extremes Individualism and alienation
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By 1830 about half of Britains population was regularly reading
Working classes and Sunday school Circulating Libraries Steam
engine printing presses Books as big business Fears of reading and
readers Pirated novels Problematic attempts at censorship
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An era of prose? Drama and disorder The novel gains
respectability
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1832 First reform Bill 1837 Victoria becomes Queen 1846 Corn
Laws Repealed 1850 Tennyson replaces Wordsworth as Poet Laureate
1851 Great Exhibition in London 1859 Charles Darwins Origin of the
Species 1870-71 Franco-Prussian War 1901 Death of Victoria
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British history is two thousand years old, and yet in a good
many ways the world has moved further ahead since the Queen was
born than it moved all the rest of the two thousand years put
together (Mark Twain 1897). London becomes the largest European
city England first industrialized Colonial Power Sun never sets on
the British Empire
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Victorian earnestness, moral responsibility, domestic propriety
By the 1850s and 1860s writers were calling the period Victorian
Georgian reaction against the period Overwhelming energy and
practical outlook
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1830 Liverpool and Manchester railroad 1832 Reform bill and
breaking up of rotten boroughs 1867 Lower class vote 1830s and 40s
know as Time of troubles Working conditions Child labor Chartism
Corn laws repealed 1846
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More prosperous time Queen Victoria and Prince Albert seen as
models of middle class domesticity Benefits of free trade Factory
Acts 1851 Great Exhibition in Hyde Park (Crystal Palace) Exports
doubled between 1850 and 1870 Emigration and Empire Utilitarianism
and Bentham Challenges to the Church Advancements in Science
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Apex of British Empire Londons greatness Increasing cost of
Empire The Irish Question US competition Economic depression and
emigration in 1870s Second reform bill Reactions against Victorian
ideals
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First petitions for Womans suffrage in 1840s, yet no vote until
1918 Married Womans Property Acts 1870-1908 Divorce laws different
for men and women Middle class debate about middle class women The
Custody Acts of 1839 The Divorce and Matrimonial act of 1857
Improving womens education Increased employment opportunities
Single woman and governesses
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Basic literacy nearly universal by 1900 Repeal of stamp act and
improved printing made periodicals much cheaper Periodicals would
serialize longer works Dickens, Thackeray, Eliot, Trollope, and
Gaskell (fiction);Carlyle, Mill, Arnold, Ruskin (essays); Tennyson
and the Brownings (poetry) Broad readership and common literary
culture
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The novel was the dominant form of Victorian Literature
Multi-plot novels; large, loose, baggy, monsters (Henry James)
Realism Social relationships and middle class society Woman writers
Gaskell, Eliot, Austen, the Brontes Genres crime, mystery, horror,
science fiction, detective stories Poetry builds on romantics, but
without same creative enthusiasm Narrative poetry and the dramatic
monologue
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1914 World War I 1922 James Joyces Ulysses; T.S. Elliots The
Waste Land 1929 Stock Market crash and Great Depression 1939 -1945
World War II 1947 India and Pakistan become independent 1953 Samuel
Becketts Waiting for Godot 1957-62 Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, Jamaica,
and Trinidad and Tobago become independent 1991 Collapse of Soviet
Union 2001 Destruction of World Trade Center
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New concepts radically changing human identity Sigmund Freud
Interpretation of Dreams psychology (psychoanalysis) Sir James
Frazer Golden Bough anthropology (culture, religion, myth)
Friedrich Nietzsche philosophy and challenges to religious
doctrine
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Max Plancks quantum theory Albert Einsteins theory of
relativity Wireless communication across Atlantic 1901 Wright
brothers airplane 1903 Henry Ford and the Model T 1913 Atomic
Energy and Bomb 1945 Moon Landing 1969 Internet 1969 Personal
Computers 1974-75
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1882 Womans Property Act Late 1800s Women allowed in various
universities Suffragettes late 1800s early 1900s 1918 Women 30 and
over could vote 1928 Women 21 and over could vote
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1899 -1902 Anglo-Boer war and protests 1907 Canada, Australia,
and New Zealand given dominion status 1914 -1918 World War I: at
the start of the war about 25% of the earth under British control
1921-1922 Irish free state Increasing calls for self rule in Indian
and Africa swaraj 1939 -1945 World War II and loss of empire 1947
India and Pakistan win independence 1957-62 Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda,
Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago become independent 1950s and
beyond - reverse colonization and shifting identity Continuing
issues with IRA and Northern Ireland
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Radical individualism Focus on being new Minimal Narrators and
Subjectivity Less Authoritative Character Voices Both highly
elitist and connections to Popular Literature Expatriates
writers
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Transformation and breaking down of traditional forms Order,
sequence, and unity were seen as no longer reflective of reality
Omits explanations, interpretations, connections, summary,
continuity, and perspective fragmented Questions of meaning and
truth Very Self Reflexive and Striving to be New
Slide 27
Juxtaposition, irony, comparisons, and satire are elements
found in modernist writing. The most obvious stylistic tool of the
modernist writer is that it is often written in first person or
with an extremely unobtrusive narrator Rather than a traditional
story having a beginning, middle and end, modernist writing
typically reads as a long stream of consciousness similar to a
rant. Juxtaposition could be used for example in a way to represent
something that would be oftentimes unseen, for example, a cat and a
mouse as best friends. Irony and satire are important tools for the
modernist writer in aiding them to make fun of and point out
faults, often in society
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For the first-time reader, modernist writing can seem
frustrating to understand because of the fragmentation and lack of
conciseness of the writing. The plot, characters and themes of the
text are not always linear. The goal of modernist literature is not
heavily focused on catering to one particular audience in a formal
way. Modernist writing is more interested in getting the writer's
ideas, opinions, and thoughts out into the public at as high a
volume as possible. Modernist literature often forcefully opposes
or gives an opinion on a social concept. The breaking down of
social norms, rejection of standard social ideas and traditional
thoughts and expectations, objection to religion and anger towards
the effects of the world wars, and the rejection of the truth are
topics widely seen in this literary era.
Slide 29
Postmodernism follows most of the conventions of modern art.
Postmodern art (and thought) favors reflexivity and
self-consciousness, fragmentation and discontinuity (especially in
narrative structures), ambiguity, simultaneity, and an emphasis on
the destructured, decentered, dehumanized subject. But--while
postmodernism seems very much like modernism in these ways, it
differs from modernism in its attitude toward a lot of these
trends. Modernism see fragmentation, ambiguity, and a destructured,
dehumanized subject as tragic. Many modernist works try to uphold
the idea that works of art can provide the unity, coherence, and
meaning which has been lost in most of modern life. Postmodernism,
in contrast, doesn't lament the idea of fragmentation,
provisionality, or incoherence, but rather celebrates that. The
world is meaningless? Let's not pretend that art can make meaning
then, let's just play with nonsense.
Slide 30
You will be given one short story and one poem to analyze
similar to the sample yesterday. The questions will use our
literary terminology. Make sure to use the passages to back up your
claims. You can review a writing about literature guide on the
course website.
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Read the questions first; then read the passage Read with a
pencil in hand mark up the text Plan on reading the text more than
once Look for quotes that back up the claims you plan to make in
your response Make sure you understand the basics of the text
before you respond: plot, setting, characters, narrator, style, and
themes for fiction and speaker, situation, style, and theme for
poetry
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Make sure you fully address all parts of the question The
questions are asking you to make claims; these are opinions that
use the text for support Make sure your claims both answer the
question fully and are well supported from the text
Slide 33
This section will be extra credit. You will be asked about the
plot and characterization of Pride and Prejudice. You will need to
know plot and character terminology as well as the plot and
characters of the novel.
Slide 34
Diction means the authors choice of words Lyric poems are often
short and are song like poems expressing feelings, thoughts, and
moods
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Please let me know if you have any questions. Be ready to
present your novel review on Thursday there can be no late
presentations Your 500 word novel review is also due by the end of
class Any standing assignments can be turned in late with a 25%
penalty through the end of Thursdays class