• While all audience-leading and influential newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations belong to the communications moguls, it is possible to assert that private media prevails in Brazil.

• While all audience-leading and influential newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations belong to the communications moguls, it is possible to assert that private media prevails in Brazil.

Traditional Media: Which one prevails (public or Traditional Media: Which one prevails (public or private) ?private) ?

Company Family share (%)

Organizações Globo

Marinho 47,6

SBT Abravanel 24

Grupo Bandeirantes

Saad 42,1

Grupo Abril Civita 42,9Source: Donos da Mídia, 2008.

• In Brazil a few families have a firm hold on an expressive part of the media, which empowers them to organize the private commnunication networks.• The most expressiive example is Globo Network, which belongs to the Marinho family and is surely the biggest media company in the country.. Ten out of 21 partners are members of the Marinjho family.• It is also intersting to mention Abril Editions – three out of seven partners are members of the Civita family.• SBT (Abravanel family and six partners) is the biggest segmented communication company. Then comes Bandeirantes Group (Saad family and six partners).

Family participation in conglomerates Family participation in conglomerates

• Relationships between politicians and media are not unusual although they are deemed illegal.• According to a 2008 survey carried out by the “Media Owners”site, 271 politicians participate actively in the Brazilian media.•Influential tv stations like Record count on mayors and deputies as partners.•The chart on the right shows media owned by politicians.

Media Quantity

TV stations 29

Newspaper 1

Com. Radio 31

FM Radio 117

OM Radio 142

OT 4

Source: Donos da Mídia, 2008.

Media owned by politiciansMedia owned by politicians

Conglomerates shaped by affiliations, relay-stations and partners

Affiliations

Relay- Partners

Rede Globo

35 3305

Record (IURD)

30 870 Grupo O Dia (Compr

ado)*

SBT 37 1441

Grupo Abril

Telefônica (TVA)

Grupo Folha

Organizações

Globo (50% Valor

Econômico)UOL

(Dona)

Band FM 1

• Brazilian communication is under control of big conglomerates which are made up of big national economic groups associated to regional and local partners so that news and shows may reach the whole country. It creates a monopoly which harms cultural diversity..

Fonte: Donos da Mídia, 2008.* Encontrado em http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_O_Dia

Relationships among national, regional and local media

Newspapers

Daily copies in

2011

1 Super Notícia*

300.237

2 Folha de S. Paulo

297.238

3 O Globo

264.052

4 O Estado de S. Paulo

254.214

*Jornal veiculado na Grande BH**Encontrado em http://oglobo.globo.com/infograficos/circulacao-jornais/

• Newspapers

Source: IVC, 2012.**

The leading means of communication (media)The leading means of communication (media)

Weekly Magazines

Weekly copies in 2010

1 Veja 1.089.191

2 Época 419.876

3 Isto é 389.031

Monthly Magazines

Monthly copies in 2010i

1 Nova Escola 437.099

2 Claudia 419.876

3 Seleções do Reader’s Digest

389.031

Source: Associação Nacional dos Editores de Revistas, 2010

• Magazines

The leading means of communications (media)The leading means of communications (media)

MF Radio stations RJ

1 Super Rádio TUPI

2 Rádio Globo

3 CBN

MF Radio stations SP

1 TUPI

2 BAND

3 CBNSource: IBOPE, jun-ago/2012.*

• Radio stations

*Encontrado em: http://tudoradio.com/

The leading means of communication (media)The leading means of communication (media)

Source: CEEP, 2010.*

• TV Stations

* Encontrado em http://www.ceep.org.br/espaco-de-formacao/estudos-tematicos/a-real-abrangencia-dos-meios-de-comunicacao-no-brasil-e-os-desafios-para-definir-um-sistema-transparente-de-regulacao-e-fiscalizacao-da-midia

The leading means of communication (media)The leading means of communication (media)

Communitarian media empowering the local community by privileging and showing their culture and daily life.

               

Communitarian communicationCommunitarian communication

Local and communitarian TV Local and communitarian TV stations stations

Educational and

communitarian TV (local)

Low frequency TV

Street TV Cable communitaria

n

Destination

Universities – Town hall

Specific communities

Public spaces

Cable Tv subscribers

(free)

Broadcast permission

15% of shows

Illicit stations

Granted permission

Granted permission

Local and communitarian radio Local and communitarian radio stations stations

CommunitarianCommunitarian radio stations (popular, educational, free, participative, associative, alternative and rural ones))

The challenge:Democratizing the speech in order to democratize society. .

It restrains, controls and inflicts penalties on communitarian radio stations.

. It forbids advertising and network development.

. Low power radio broadcasting (25 Watts)

. Broadcasting restricted to 1 km from the transmitting aerial

. Grants jk broadcasting permissions are influenced by big political interests.

Brazilian LawBrazilian Law

Problems …..Problems …..          

.The minimum gap between two communitarian radio stations must be 3.5 km. .The minimum gap between two communitarian radio stations must be 3.5 km. only one communitarian radio station is allowed per city .only one communitarian radio station is allowed per city ..The allowed wavelength is below 88 MHz, not in the dial.

Brazilian LegislationBrazilian Legislation

Regulations ... ...

Existing Communitarian Radion Stations

Fonte: www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br, 2012. Fonte: www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br, 2012.

Legal for 14 years...Legal for 14 years...

Yearly licences

Since many of them became legal in 1988, the communitarian radio stations reached a peak during the Cardoso government. In only three years 1707 radio stations had their licences– about 569 per year. In a little more than seven years during Lula government , about 2.204 communitarian oo stations became legal – more than 300 per year.

Source: Estadão, 2010.

Anatel ....Anatel ....

On the other hand Anatel closed down 6.700 communitarian radio stations in the last 5 years, a yearly average of about 1.340.

Source: www.abert.org.br, 2012

NEWSPAPERS AND NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINESMAGAZINESCommunitarian journalismCommunitarian journalism• It works within a community (neighbourhood, village, district, settlement, county, slum

and so on);

• Its development took place in Brazil during globalization (in the 70' s and 80's);

• It started soon after the military government;

• Brazilians were supposed to care for a more active communication process;

• Appreciation of the local culture in order to create a cultural identity and a citzenship feeling.

Printed communitarian mediaPrinted communitarian media

JORNAL O CIDADÃO (The Citzen):JORNAL O CIDADÃO (The Citzen): ((a newspaper published in Maré slum, in Rio de Janeiro))

OCAS MAGAZINEOCAS MAGAZINE

Published by volunteersPublished by volunteersand sold by homeless peopleand sold by homeless peoplein the biggest Brazilian cities –in the biggest Brazilian cities – Social Inclusion ProjectSocial Inclusion Project

Printed communitarian mediaPrinted communitarian media

Brazilians and the Brazilians and the InternetInternet

• Brazilians are more and more active in social networks. Facebook scores off all other ones, once it is repeatedly visited by more than 95% of the people we interviewed. Next comes Orkut (75,1%) and then Twitter (73,3%). Finally Youtube (69,4%), Linkedin (24,2%), Blogger (23,4%), Myspace (18,2%) and Turnbir (13,7%).

Source: E-life, 2012

Share of Brazilians in social networks

• About 94% of Brazilians look for

information on Tv, whereas 66%

look for it in newspapers.

Magazines (59%), on radio

stations and internet (44%).

Traditional media as information sourceTraditional media as information source

Source: E-life, 2012

Sites as information sources Sites as information sources

Fonte: E-life, 2012

OverviewOverview

Int rnet in Int rnet in BrazilBrazil

Increase rate of Internet at homeIncrease rate of Internet at home

Source: Estudo da (FGV) e a operadora de telefonia Vivo, 2012

The rate of internet connected people is growing because 33 million people moved to economic C class increasing the internet use. In A and B classes the accessibility rate is 75,825, in C class is 33.9% which drops to 10% in lower ones.

Source: Research from FGV and from telephone company Vivo, 2012

Household access rates by social Household access rates by social classclass

Source: Ibope Nielsen Online, 2010 .

Access rates in differents regions Access rates in differents regions

South 25,6%

Midwest 23,4%

North 12%

Northeast 11,9%

Southeast 26,6%

Brazil states with the biggest family access Brazil states with the biggest family access

Source: Estudo da (FGV) e a operadora de telefonia Vivo, 2012

São Paulo 48,22%

Rio de Janeiro 43,91%

Santa Catarina 41,66%

Paraná 38,71%

Distrito Federal 58,69%

Brazil states with little family accessBrazil states with little family access

Source: Estudo da (FGV) e a operadora de telefonia Vivo, 2012

Maranhão 10,98%

Piauí 12,87%

Pará 13,75%

Ceará 16,25%

Tocantins 17,21%

Governments requests to remove content from internet in 2012 Governments requests to remove content from internet in 2012

Source: Revista Oi, 2012

• Google received more than 1900 requests last year from different countries in the world to remove content. Brazil was the champion in this case with 418 claims. What is intersting is that the biggest number of claims came from politicians, showing that the country is not as democratic as it seems.

Source: cetic.br, 2012

About 50,7 million people are internet frequent usersAbout 50,7 million people are internet frequent users

Source: Coffemidia.com.br, 2009

Navigation average Navigation average timetime

Brasil 48h26m

United States 42h19m

United Kingdom 36h30m

France 33h22m

Japan 31h55m

Source: Olhar Digital, 2012.

Brazilians in social networksBrazilians in social networks

• Brazilian internet is not an expressive threat to printed newspapers or to tv news yet; the latter remain so far the main information source.

• Presently more than 1.5 million Brazilians (11% of population) seek internet information.

Source:Target Group Index, do Ibope e Observatório da Imprensa, 2012

01) Facebook.com 02) Google.com.br (Google Brasil) 03) Google.com 04) Youtube.com 05) Uol.com.br (Universo online) 06) Globo.com 07) Live.com (Windows Live) 08) Yahoo.com 09) Twitter.com 10) Mercadolivre.com.br

The most visited sites in Brazil The most visited sites in Brazil

Source:Web Alexia, 2012

uol.com.br (Universo online)globo.comyahoo.com terra.com.br ig.com.br

Source:Web Alexia, 2012

The most visited news sites in Brazil The most visited news sites in Brazil

The most common places to access the netThe most common places to access the net

Source: Olhar Digital, 2012.

Source: Olhar Digital, 2012.

Kinds of connection Kinds of connection