How I use Behavioristic teaching approaches to reinforce positive characteristics.

Van Whaley

Walden UniversityEd.D StudentEDUC-8101-3

How Adults Learn: Theory and Research

•Presentation will last about 40 minutes.

•OK to ask questions at any time.

•No pressure, so relax and enjoy!

“Remember, the only person’s workthat is being graded is mine!”

Dr. Van

Dr. Van F. WhaleyA proud dad!

Degrees & Credentials

D.C. Doctor of ChiropracticB.A. Bachelor Degree (Psychology)A.A. Associate DegreeFSOA Fitness Specialist, Older AdultsCCEP Certified Extremity Physician 30,000 Patient VisitsD.A.D. Ivy’s Dad

Dr. Van is a biology professor at the College of Southern Nevada

while earning his second Doctorate degree, in Higher Education and

Adult Learning

•During this presentation, we will complete five (5) learning objectives.

•To accomplish these goals, we will utilize the accompanying workbook throughout the presentation.

1.construct a definition of behavioral based learning.2.recognize and build upon your behavioral experiences3.construct an implementation plan to use this material.4.Understand relationship between reward and behavior.5.Complete audience survey after conclusion.

You will be guided to sections of the workbook throughout this presentation. Please follow along as you participate in this presentation.

Use the workbook to “lock-in” your understanding.

•Help you remember what you find important.•Fill-in-the-blank questions.•Multiple choice questions.•No test – except those life gives you!

Use the workbook during this presentation!

Assignment #1

•Write your name!

On the top of the front page, please find the line indicated and write your name on your workbook.

_______________________ Name

(See, this is easy stuff!)

It is my hope that you find this material interesting enough to warrant further investigation.

I am interested in how you use this material. Please contact me and let me know how you apply this knowledge in your daily life.

At the end of the accompanying workbook, you will find my contact information as well as a list of resources and suggested readings.

•You can use this information to help yourself, and those you love, achieve goals and enjoy a better life.

At the end of this presentation you should be able to use behavioral learning to encourage successful traits in yourself and others.

Please rate your current understanding of operant conditioning, behavioral learning, and the relationship between reinforcement and behavior?

Ivan PavlovB.F. Skinner

•Ivan Pavlov rang a bell before feeding dogs.

•The dogs learned to associate the bell and food.

•Soon, dogs began to drool at the bell ringing, even when no food was present.

Allpsych- Virtual Online Psychology Classroom

http://allpsych.com/biographies/pavlov.html

+ Bell (plus) food

equals drooling dog.

Pavlov’s dogs learned to respond to a stimulus (ringing bell) with a specific behavior (drooling) because the activity was positively reinforced (dogs given food).

Stimulus Reward Behavior

“If you feed a stray dog, you get a pet.”Grannie Whaley / Traditional American saying.

Feeding a stray animal leads to that animal returning in hopes of future food.

This is an example of a reward (being given food) that increases the likelihood of the behavior (stray animal comes back) being repeated.

Workbook Question:

Why did Pavlov’s dogs drool?

A. They learned to associate a ringing bell with food.B.They were hungry.C.The dogs were rabid.

Mark answer inyour workbook.

(Answers are in workbook)

B.F. Skinner advances Pavlov’s understanding of the relationship between reward and behavior.

Skinner’s work, known as Operant Conditioning, can be simplified as,

Reward what you want someone to do again, Ignore what you want them to stop doing.

(Merriam Text, cite properly).

“If a behavior is reinforced or rewarded, the response is more likely to occur again under similar conditions.”

Learning in adulthood.Merriam, Caffarella, and Baumgarter

Operant conditioning (i.e. rewarding good behavior) is the key to behavioral learning.

By rewarding behaviors we want repeated (and also by punishing bad behaviors) we influence the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.

By rewarding good grades!

•Many parents reward their kids for good grades on a report card.

•Money is given as a reward in hopes that the behaviors needed to earn good grades will continue.

Workbook Question:

•The key to getting a behavior repeated is

________.

A.rewarding it.B.ignoring it.C.copying it.

Mark answer inyour workbook.

(Answers are in workbook)

What is behavioral modification? What is behavioral learning theory?

How is operant conditioning used in class?

“Learning can be defined as the process leading to relatively permanent behavioral change.”

Allpsych- Virtual Online Psychology Classroomhttp://allpsych.com/psychology101/learning.html

•Learning can been seen as something that causes a change in behavior.

•So in other words …

Learning is not the act of touching a hot stove.

Learning is the act of NOT touching a hot stove again.

“Behavior modification is… the application of behavior analysis concepts and principles for the systematic or programatic changing of behavior.”

Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2006). An overview of the behavioral perspective. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved 2/10/2012 from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/behavior/behsys.html

So behavioral modification is using rewards and punishments to encourage appropriate behaviors in ourselves and others.

So far we have learned: 1. Learning is a change in behavior. 2. We can use reward and punishment to alter behaviors.

Putting these two points together leads us to this...

Behavioral learning is the use of rewards and punishments to encourage learning.(Need source)

•Write your own definition of the relationship between reward and behavior in your workbook.

•Example:

“To me, behavioral learning includes recognizing someone doing a good deed, then

rewarding them so they will do it again.”Dr. Van

While behavioral learning is effective, not all experts agree that it is the best form of learning. Arguments against this style of learning focus on,Behavioral learning fails to address intentions, beliefs, personal motivations, and other non-observable traits.Behavioral learning does not address self-actualization; the innate desire to fulfill one’s own destiny.

The most common arguments against Skinner’s works are included in this critique:

Concepts such as self-actualization and striving to reach one's potential, such as the belief held by humanists was rejected due to the inability to research such an abstract idea. The idea of inner drives such as Freud's Id, Ego, and Superego were seen as preposterous.http://allpsych.com/biographies/skinner.html

(underling and bold formatting added, not included in original)

An alternative style of learning is Malcolm Knowles’ theory of Andragogoy, which focuses on maturity development that should move each person from dependence “toward one of a self-directing human being.”MER, TEXT p 84This concept is of value, but more difficult to measure and influence than behavioral learning.

My class is orderly, difficult, and always starts on time.I teach Anatomy and Physiology, a very challenging course, at the College of Southern Nevada.I use behavioral learning to create the maximum learning oporturnity for my students.

By starting each class on time, I demonstrate the behavior of timeliness and responsibility, and I reinforce these characteristics in my students.My classroom system provides immediate feedback to students regarding this goal, using a quiz during the first 10 minutes of each class.

Quiz starts at 8:00 sharp!Consequences for being late in my classroom

•Social consequences – walking into silent room during a quiz•Actual consequences – deduction in points•Positive reinforcement – no loss of points

Being on time is a behavior I can measure and nurture in my students with the proper application of rewards and consequences.

Your homework that has two parts:

•Do “this” the next time they do “that” and see for yourself if the behavior is repeated.

•The next time your spouse, child, or roommate does anything you want them to do again, give them a hug. Part one of your homework is literally to make physical contact with a person and say “Thank you.” after you observe a habit you want repeated.

•Part two of the homework is to see how long it takes that person to do the same behavior again, hoping to get the same reward.

•III. a. Summary• i. Behaviorism is … and you can easily

remember this because ….

•This is exactly what I want you to take away from this presentation …

“These are very important.”•How will I determine what the audience learned?

Quantitative evaluations•Did you find this informative? 4 (Very) – 1(No)•Will you use this information? 4 (Very) – 1(No)•Suggestions for improvement.What part of the presentation made the most sense to you?What part seems unclear, or could use more work?

•http://allpsych.com/psychology101/learning.html•Allpsych- Virtual Online Psychology Classroom•http://allpsych.com/biographies/pavlov.html•http://allpsych.com/biographies/skinner.html•Learning in adulthood.•Merriam, Caffarella, and Baumgarter

•Citation: Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2006). An overview of the behavioral perspective. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved [date], from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/behavior/behsys.html

•Copyright Note: All images used in this presentation have been confirmed to be either in the public domain, of expired copyright status, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License, or using creative commons license.

• introduce the concept of using behavioral learning to achieve a specific outcome.

•I am a role model – I start on time, students arrive on time.

•Why I do this:– Promote timeliness. Important traits to develop for

life success, better career– Best practice – optimal learning environment – free

of distractions of late entry

Monkey see-Monkey do cartoons to illustrate observational learning

•Undernourished monkeys work hard climbing a tree to get a banana.

•Skinny monkeys watch fat monkey throw rock and get bunch of banana.

•All monkeys are bigger and now have more bananas because they learned to throw rocks.

•Pavlov’s dogs – easy to explain, cite, reference.Repeated exposure to stimulus creates predictable

response that lasts longer than stimulus.

•B.F. Skinner – operant conditioning•Need to find at least 1 “alternative to my theory” to

include here•Include scholar who agree and disagree with me.

•Bell = makes you want icecream•Think about a lemon = salivate