8132019 Why We Should Tech Logic in Schools
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There is an interesting sayingldquoTell me and I forget teach meand I may remember involve
me and I learnrdquoBenjamin Bloom an American
educational psychologist and manyothers in the educational field haveconceptualised the acquisition and re-tention of knowledge as having manydomains or levels of depth
The first domain is rememberingIn essence it refers to retaining factsUnfortunately retaining facts withoutunderstanding them is of little valueIt also has a very limited lifespan
The next level is comprehension orunderstanding This is shown by ourability to express in our own words themeaning of the information
With understanding we can startto analyse catalogue or break downthe knowledge to judge appraise orevaluate the knowledge and to relateit to a new context or to synthesise by
Why we should teach logic in schoolsTHE BEST WAY TO LEARN
K RANGA KRISHNAN
K Ranga Krishnanis Dean of theDuke-NUSGraduate MedicalSchool SingaporeA clinician-scientistand psychiatrist hechaired theDepartment ofPsychiatry andBehaviouralSciences at DukeUniversity MedicalCentre from 1998 to2009
This is part of aweekly series on theway we learn Toread the first twopieces by ProfRanga go totdysgcomranga orscan the QR code
integrating it with other informationWhen learning many skills in law
medicine and other areas of study it iscritical that we have the ability to useknowledge Without this abilit y the
facts by themselves have limited worthOne element that is essential i n
this progression of knowledge acqui-sition is reasoning To reason is to i n-fer to draw conclusions from data in-
formation or premises The term logicis commonly used to describe codes ofgood reasoning It used to be a subjecttaught in schools But now it is rarelyformally taught
Informal logic is sometimes de-scribed as critical thinking It tells ushow people reason things out figur-ing out whether the conclusions followthe assumptions
Formal logic is the sysorganised application of thof logic The principles of l
versal and apply to all fieldmany strands of logic wit
ing to A ristotleThere are two kinds of tive and inductive
Deductive logic refersions where all the premiand in which case there cfor the conclusions to be fadamental element in deduing is syllogism where a inferred from two supposof which has one term in cthe conclusion For examp
All anima ls are aliveCat is an animalCat is alive
In medicine and in mforms of science it is diffideductive logic Deductabsolutist It offers blac
standards where the cother follows from the supit does not
Inductive logic or reasabsolutist or definite butquantitative range of pWhile deductive reasonas top down from a geneto the specific inductive
bottom upMost medical research
of the inductive type Soscientific research
In medicine this typeing forms the basis of wevidence-based medicine
EBM is the use of datto assess risks and benements and diagnostic teshas to be then used to dments for a particular pa
Application of EBM datdepends on many factorscondition of a patient h isand a number of other facstanding logic helps us proper use of EBM given
Thus in medicine as infields understanding anare essential elements for usynthesise evaluate and cedge and apply it in a prac
It is not enough to knoknowledge Learning to a given situation is a morskill than memory alone
world this position is eve
ical as facts are easy tois more important is to lapply knowledge
Logic as a way of learnsoning is a worthwhile goelement for innovation Atthis is a critical focus Tof patients physicians mto apply knowledge in aframework hence the iminvolving our medical stly in the treatment of patlearn more from such expemerely listening to lectur
Students learnmore from beinginvolved inlearning ratherthan merelylistening to
lecturesTODAY FILE PHOTO