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Window Quick Tips:
• hold down CTRL and spin the mouse wheel to zoom in and out
• hold down the ALT key and tap the TAB key to flip between open programs (like the last channel button on TV)
Microsoft Excel:Cells, Columns and Rows
• Cells (the little boxes in excel)– Hold numbers or text – Contents viewed on edit line– Named like battleship – column and row. Cell A6 is
named for where column A meets row 6
Basic Formulas with Excel
Excel Formulas
• Excel can be used as a big calculator
• Basic arithmetic (+, -, x , ÷ and yx)
• Operation symbols:Addition: +
Division: /Multiplication: *
Subtraction: -
Exponent: ^
Formulas Using Numbers
• Syntax: always begins with equals sign– Example1 : seven times eight
• Choose a cell and type =7*8• When you hit enter the number 56 will appear
– Example 2: four to the third power• Choose a cell and =4^3• When you hit enter the number 64 will appear
Formulas Using Cell Names
• you can use cell names as variables• Example1: Seven times the value in cell B2
– Type =7*B2 (cell B2 will be automatically outlined)
• Example2: the value in cell B2 plus the value in cell B5
– Type =B2+B5 (both cells will be outlined)
Try this out….
• In cell B2 create a formula to multiply the values of cells B5 and B7 and divide by 4.– =B5*B7/4 answer should be zero
• Add numbers to cells B5 and B7
Basic Functions with Excel
Excel Functions
• Excel Functions do many things from calculating an average to finding standard deviation to combining several lines of text.
Excel Functions
• Excel functions ALWAYS begin with an equals sign:
• Form of an Excel function is: =function_name(argument1,argument2… )
Arguments are additional pieces of information Excel needs to do what you are asking it to do
Arguments are always separated by commas.
sum=sum(number/cell_names)
• Function sum has one or more arguments– number are actual numbers separated by
commas– cell names are individual cell references
separated by a comma or a range of cells. A range is shown using the first and last cell in the range separated by a colon.
sum using the autosum button
• button showing Σ (greek letter sigma) automatically sums up the nearest range of numbers it can find.
• The range must be continuous (no empty cells) for Excel to automatically choose the correct data
round=round(number,num_digits)
• Function round has two arguments– Number is a number or cell value you want rounded– Num_digits is the number of digits you want rounded
to. Zero and negative numbers will round to whole number place values. (0 round to ones, -1 rounds to tens, -2 rounds to hundreds, etc.)
average=average(range of cells)
• Average function has one argument: a range of cells with numbers you want to average– It is on the pull-down menu attached to the autosum
button– Simple as autosum – just select the range you want
and hit enter
median=median(range of cells)
• Median function has one argument: a range of cells with a dataset from which you want to determine the median– It is NOT on the pull-down menu attached to the autosum
button– Can type it in as above or use More Functions from the
autosum pull-down
– Could also use insert function: fx
mode=mode(range of cells)
• Mode function has one argument: a range of cells with a dataset from which you want to determine the median– It is NOT on the pull-down menu attached to the autosum
button– Can type it in as above or use More Functions from the
autosum pull-down
– Could also use insert function: fx
mode(continued)
• Mode will return the number that appears most often in a data set. – If there is no mode (no repeating numbers) Excel will
show #N/A– Warning: If there is a bimodal set of data Excel will
show the mode of the first repeating number in the set….
mode(continued)
• If your data is as follows:– The numbers 2 and 3 are
both modes: they both appear twice but Excel shows only 2 since it appears first in the data
– Why? IDK, blame Excel.
rangethere is no range function
• There is no one function that can get you the range of a dataset. You must:– Use several cells with functions to calculate it OR– Combine several functions into a single cell to find it– The simplest way is to subtract a =min function from a
=max function:• =max(B2:B6)-min(B2:B6) (no equals sign for the 2nd one)
Logical Functions
• Logical functions make decisions about information in a cell based on conditions you set and answer by displaying info depending on the decision
• Conditions – criteria you set for Excel– (i.e. is the cell =5, is the cell >14, etc.)
if=if(logical test, value if true, value if false)
• If function has three arguments: – 1. a logical test seeing if something is true or false in
a cell– 2. a value that shows up if the logical test is true– 3. a value to show up if the logical test if false
if (cont)=if(logical test, value if true, value if false)
• Argument 1: logical test– For the logical test argument you put a cell reference and a
condition– i.e. you want to see if cell B2 is equal to 5. The first part of the
function looks like this:
=if(B2=5,
if (cont)=if(logical test, value if true, value if false)
• Argument 2: value if true– For value if true argument you put a number or text for Excel to
show if the logical test turns out to be true– i.e. if cell B2 actually equal to 5 let’s say you want the word
EQUAL appear. The second part of the function looks like this:
=if(B2=5,”EQUAL”,(remember, all text must be enclosed in double quotes)
if (cont)=if(logical test, value if true, value if false)
• Argument 3: value if false– For value if false argument you put a number or text for Excel to
show if the logical test turns out to be false– i.e. if cell B2 does NOT equal to 5 let’s say you want the word
NOT EQUAL appear. The last part of the function looks like this:
=if(B2=5,”EQUAL”,”NOT EQUAL”)(remember, all text must be enclosed in double quotes)
if (cont)=if(logical test, value if true, value if false)
So if we take our example it looks like this:
if (cont)=if(logical test, value if true, value if false)
Hitting enter gives us the function result which is EQUAL since cell B2=5
if (cont)=if(logical test, value if true, value if false)
If we change the value in cell B2 to 8 it gives us the function result which is NOT EQUAL since cell B2 is no longer equal to 5
Text Functions
• Functions you can use to manipulate text in a bunch of ways– UPPER function– LOWER function– PROPER function– CONCATENATE function
upper=upper(text)
• Function has one argument– Converts text to all upper case letters– Text is typed words/numbers OR the cell that
contains typed words/numbers
lower=lower(text)
• Function has one argument– Converts text to all lower case letters– Text is typed words/numbers OR the cell that
contains typed words/numbers
proper=proper(text)
• Function has one argument– Converts text to all first letters upper case and
all the rest lower case– Text is typed words/numbers OR the cell that
contains typed words/numbers
concatenate=concatenate(text1, text2…)
• Function has several argument– Combines text from multiple cells into one cell– The arguments are cells with text OR text in
double quotation marks
Lookup Functions
• Excel can be used to look up information in a table, similar to looking in a dictionary or phone book
• A table is a list of data, each column having its own unique info or field
vlookup=vlookup(lookup_value,
table_array,column_number))
• lookup_value : a cell where you will type the data that you want to seek on a table
• i.e. in the database below
I want to type a name in cell
A2 to get more info from the
table
vlookup=vlookup(lookup_value,
table_array,column_number))
• table_array : information arranged in columns and rows
• i.e. the table that the vlookup
function goes to find the
info in cell A2
vlookup=vlookup(lookup_value,
table_array,column_number))
• column_number : column in the table that you want excel to return
• i.e. column 2 will make vlookup
send the phone number back
into the function’s cell
Basic Formatting with Excel
Font Formatting
• Everything is the same as Word: font, color, size, bold, italic, underline
EXCEPT
Formatting Borders around cells
Border Formatting
• Found on the Font section of the Home ribbon.
• Can make a variety
of borders around
single cells or
groups of cells
Border Formatting
• Pre set border selections
appear on the pull-down menu
while a box with custom
settings can be found by
clicking More Borders on the
bottom
Alignment Formatting
• Allows you to line up text within a cell to the left, right or center (like Word)
• Also allows you to align text
vertically within the cell – on the
top, center, or bottom
Alignment Formatting
• Examples:
Number Formatting
• Currency – shows numbers with two decimals and a
currency symbol of your choosing (dollars $, pounds ₤, yen ¥, euros €)
– On a pull-down menu off the
Number Formatting
• Fraction – shows numbers as fractions or mixed
numbers– On the pull-down menu– You set the number of digits
for the denominator
Number Formatting
• Fraction (cont)
– Mixed numbers are entered by typing the whole number, then a space, then a fraction.
– Mathematical operations can be done on cells formatted for fraction
– The answers will appear as fractions
Number Formatting• Scientific Notation
– shows large or small numbers
with a base and power using the
letter E to show exponent/power
i.e. – 4.7 x 103 becomes
4.7E+3 meaning 4.7 raised to
the +3 power