Jonathan Nylaan , Joshua Seymour , and Chi ShenDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Faculty Advisor : Dr. Liang Dong

Wireless Aircraft Security Alert System

• Background • Design

– Design Process– Panic Button– Wireless Relays– Cockpit Module

• Video Demonstration

• Test Results• Specifications

– Original– Current

• Recommendations• Sponsors• Conclusion

Background• National security is one the primary concerns in the eyes of

the public and our federal government.• September 11th, 2001• There have been 29 notable successful hijackings of

commercial airlines since 1995• There are 195 countries, approximately 900,000 companies • Approximately 3,000,000 people are passengers every day.• Can be used for medical emergencies• It is extremely important to design a discrete wireless

alert system.

System Diagram

• Reverse engineered current ineffective system– Wireless Spectrum Analysis

• Spectrum Analyzer-• Design of the system specifications• Schematic Design

– Pulsonix• PCB Design

– Pulsonix• System Software Design and Implementation

– IAR Workbench• PCB circuit construction• Final Testing

• Chips used:– Texas Instruments CC2530:

• Zigbee 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Transceiver• Microprocessor:

– Texas Instruments Embedded 8051– Ram-256kb– Clock-32 kHz – 2 External Oscillator and 1 internal Oscillator

• Cad Software Used:– Pulsonix

• PCB Manufacturer :– Hughes Electronics

Panic Button

• Small and Discrete• Held by Flight Attendants• Alerted when under duress• Sends Wireless signal

Panic Button

Panic Button

Panic Button

Without Components With Components

Wireless Relays

• Wireless transceivers • Relay alert signal from panic button• Located throughout plane• Hidden from sight

Wireless Relays

Wireless Relays

Wireless Relays

Without Components With Components

Cockpit Module

• Placed in the flight deck by the entry door• Alarm sounds when panic button alerted• Sends signal back to panic button for

confirmation• Has LCD screen for alert confirmation

Cockpit Module

Cockpit Module

Cockpit Module

Video Demonstration

Test Results

1. Alert Sent From Panic Button1. Destination Cockpit2. Security Key 253. Packet Content 044. Signal Strength -41 dBm5. Link Quality Indication 108

(ranging from 0-255)6. Frame check sum- OK

• Physical Characteristics:– Size

• Panic Button- Must Fit in pockets of Flight Attendants

• Relays- Must be able to be discretely attached to the cabin, completely out of sight.

• Cockpit Module- Must be able to be attached inside the cockpit without interfering with current inflight instruments.

• Device Operations:• Wireless• Panic Button must be wireless to so it can be

move throughout the cabin on the cabin crew discreetly

– FAA Requires that there is no Interference with on flight Instruments frequencies:

• (ILS) Localizer: 108-118 MHz• (ILS) Glide Slope: 329-335 MHz• (DME) Distant Measuring System: 960-1215 MHz• (GPS) Global Positing Device: 1227.5 and 1575.42

MHz

• Physical Characteristics:– Size

• Panic Button-130 × 79 × 36 (mm)

• Relay Modules-150 × 100 × 50 (mm)

• Cockpit Module-150 X 150 X 50– No interference with on flight

Instruments frequencies:• Operating Frequency 2.475 GHz

– (ILS) Localizer: 108-118 MHz– (ILS) Glide Slope: 329-335 MHz– (DME) Distant Measuring System:

960-1215 MHz– (GPS) Global Positing Device:

1227.5 and 1575.42 MHz

• Radio Frequency – 2.4-GHz IEEE 802.15.4– Mesh Network Zigbee Security– Compliant with World Wide RF Regulations

• ETSI EN 300, 328 ,EN 300, 440 (Europe)• FCC CFR47 Part 15 (US) • ARIB STD-T-66 (Japan)

• Being a wireless device the system is subject to many security threats. The wireless protocol must protect from these threats:

– Must protect against signal jamming – Must not allow intruders to access the system– Must protect against accidental interference from

other wireless devices

• Radio Frequency – 2.4-GHz IEEE 802.15.4– Mesh Network Zigbee Security– Compliant with World Wide RF Regulations

• ETSI EN 300, 328 ,EN 300, 440 (Europe)• FCC CFR47 Part 15 (US) • ARIB STD-T-66 (Japan)

• Needs Improvement on wireless signal

• Cost Efficient– Target cost will be less than $2,500 per

system

• Device Must Be Discrete – Panic Button must not draw any attention

when activated for the protection of the crew member.

– Antenna Relay module must be out of sight.

• Energy Efficient– Power source of the panic button must be

able to last a minimum of 12hrs.

• Alert Location– Device must indicate where in the cabin

the alert was activated on the cockpit module.

• Real-time– Device must transmit alert in real-time

• Cost – Panic Button-

• $202.16 (4 units)• $50.53 per unit

– Wireless Relay• $140.66 (3 units• $46.86 per unit

– Cockpit Module- $76.11– Entire System- $418.89

• Discreteness– Prototype

• Panic Button Not discrete• Wireless Relays-Discrete• Cockpit Module-Discrete

• Energy Efficiency– Cockpit Module – DC– Panic Button

• CR1225 Lithium 3V Coin Cell Battery• needs Improvements

– Wireless Relays• CR1225 Lithium 3V Coin Cell Battery• Need Improvement

• Alert Location-Needs Improvement• Real-Time

– Panic Button– Relay Module– Cockpit Module

• Functionality– User Interface

• Panic Device – Push button protected from false push– Must have an Audio recording device

integrated– Must have an audio output device

integrated– Unique Mac Address– Transmit 128bit Network Key to

connect to the system wirelessly • System (Cockpit) Modular

– A Display to indicate the reception of an alert signal

– A Speaker to output audio received from the Panic Device

– Button to transmit acknowledgement of alert signal reception

– Network Authentication modular• Antenna Relay module

– Accessible GUI for maintenance of the system and also for initial set up to assign network address, and network key

• Functionality• Panic Button

• Push button protected from false push• Receives Signal• Triggers Vibration

• Does not have an Audio recording device integrated

• Does not have an audio output device integrated

• Unique Mac Address• Panic BUtton• Cockpit Module-• Relay Module

• System (Cockpit) Modular– LCD Display– Speaker

– Uses Op Amp LM3786– Loud Beep

– Button to transmit acknowledgement of alert signal reception

– Network Authentication modular• Antenna Relay module

– JTAG accessible programming

Specifications

Satisfied• Wireless• Discreteness

– Relay Module• Protection From false alert• In flight interference• Cockpit Module

– LCD for Confirmation– Sound when alert received– Send signal back for

confirmation• Cost

Need of Improvement

• Wireless Signal• Jamming Interference

• Panic Button Size• Alert Location• Energy Efficiency

• Panic Button• Wireless Relay

Completion

We as a group feel we completed this project 80% of the original goals and specifications.

Recommendations

• Continue Design development– Several errors found on PCB

• Redo RF Circuit• Cockpit module production• Run more tests

– Security– Frequency– Signal Strength

• Make improvements

Sponsors

A special thank you goes out to the following for helping throughout the design process:

– Dr. Liang Dong– Hughes Electronics

• PCB Donation

– Pulsonix• Software Donation

– Advanced Circuits

Conclusion

• This has been a very interesting and valuable process. Many important and useful information, as well as, hands on experience has been made.

• We would like, again, to thank everyone for their help and support.

Questions?