Wireless GIS (w-GIS) for real time data logging
Nitin K. Tripathi (Speaker)
Asian Institute of Technology, [email protected]
Phisan Santitamnont , CU
Pakorn Apaphant , GISTDA
Prasad R. Bauchkar, AIT
Vasan Choengsa-ard, AIT
Asian Institute of Technology
ChulalongkornUniversity
-Geo Informatic s & Space Tech
nology Develo pment Agency
Introduction
• Emerging technologies, Internet, Wireless communication and mobile computing device changing way of using GIS
• Growing demand for Internet due to real time information needs
• Traditional static GIS became Wireless and operations possible on the fly
• Wireless + Mobile Technology Ready-to-Use GIS
Issues
• Traditional GIS is in static environment -Limitation
• GIS analysis should be possible through any browser
(no GIS software needed)
• Real time GIS needs data acquisition, upload, update and retrieval directly from field
• Non-availability of comprehensive system for real time data updating
Trend
Mainframe GIS
Mainframe GIS
Desktop GIS
Desktop GIS
Internet GIS
Internet GIS
Wireless GIS
Wireless GIS
Time
Acc
essi
bilit
y
Wireless GIS GPRS Network Operator
Internet
TCP/IP access to GPRS network
Web Server+Dastabase+Applications
PDA + GPS+Digital camera+mobile phone
- 3 Tiers Architecture
PDAWeb Browser
GPS Autoloading Program
Spatial Data
Repository
Web Application
GIS Data
Benefits - Open Source Software
• Cut down budget
• Opportunity for technology exploration
• On-the-job training and education
• Prototyping and demo
• Excellent tools for research and development
Minnesota MapServer
• Developed at UMN Remote Sensing Lab • Funded by NASA “Mission to Planet Earth”• Started as Arc/Info AML generation script• Built on top of standard Open-source projects like
GD, FreeType, Proj.4 and libTIFF, Shapelib• Implemented as a CGI program• Written in ANSI C• Source distribution : UNIX, Window
Interfacing with MapServer
Spatial Database Offerings
• ESRI ArcSDE (on top of several different DBs)
• Oracle Spatial• IBM DB2 Spatial Extender• Informix Spatial DataBlade• MS SQL Server (with ESRI SDE)• Geomedia on MS Access• PostGIS / PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL/Post GIS = SFSQL Spatia l DB
• PostGIS spatially enables PostgreSQL by adding spatial objects, functions, and indexing.
• PostGIS aims to be an “OpenGIS Simple Features for SQL” compliant spatial database
• PostGIS is free software (GPL)• PostGIS follows the OpenGIS Simple Features
for SQL • PostGIS is an important component in open
and free GIS.• PostGIS is an important building block for all
future open source spatial projects.
PostgreSQL/Post GIS = SFSQL Spatia l DB
• Why choose PostgreSQL/PostGIS?– No cost (open source)– Supports most of the SQL standard– Ability to add new data-types– No limit on column size– Easy to add custom functions– One of the only open, respected standards– Participation by the major GIS/DB organizations– Other spatial DB are at least partially compliant– SFSQL provides complex functionality required
by Web Feature Server / Web Map Server
Wireless Spatial Data Logger Process
MapServer RDBMS
PostgreSQL
+PostGIS
Raster file
Shape file
GIS Data
Wireless Network
Web Server
PHP
ProgramProgram
OUTPUT
SUBMIT DATA
GPS+
Attribute
Map Viewer Process
MapServer RDBMS
PostgreSQL
+PostGIS
Raster file
Shape file
GIS Data
Wireless Network
Web Server
PHP
ProgramProgram
OUTPUT
REQUEST
Spatial Relational Database Design
Hardware ProfileHardware Feature
Laser itouch P600 Pocket PC 2002
ipaq 3970 Pocket PC 2002
Compact Flash GPS Inbuilt Antenna GPS Receiver
Compact Flash Camera Mobile Device Camera
Extension Slot Extension for Compact Flash cards
Field Test
1. Locate point of interest
3. View result
2. Submit upload form
4. Query by point
Samples of user interaction and availablemaps
Using the tool
Field Test
Applications
Flood Monitoring
Forest Fire
Farm Management
Map Updating
Environment
Natural disaster and hazard management
Tourism
Contact Dr. Nitin K. TripathiAssociate
ProfessorAsian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, ThailandPhone : +66-2-5246392Email : [email protected]
Dr.-Ing. Phisan Santitamnont
Assistant ProfessorSurvey Engineering Department
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Tel : +66 (0) 2218-6661
E-mail : [email protected]
Workshop on Wireless/Handheld Spatial
Data Logger Nitin K. Tripathi
Phisan Santitamnont
Prasad R. Bauchkar
Vasan Choengsa-ard
Asian Institute of Technology
Chulalongkorn University
The Asian Federation of Information Technology in Agriculture
Introduction Emerging technologies; Internet, Wireless communication
and mobile computing device changing way of using GIS
Traditional static GIS became Wireless and operations
possible on the fly
Growing demand for Internet due to real time information
needs
Wireless + Mobile Technology Ready-to-Use GIS
Mainframe GIS
Desktop GIS
Internet GIS
Wireless GIS
Time
Acc
essi
bilit
y
Problems Traditional GIS is in static environment
Real time GIS needs data acquisition, upload, update and
retrieval directly from field.
Non availability of system for real time data updating
GIS analysis should be possible through any browser
without GIS software installed
Internet GIS
Similar to the client-server architecture of the web
Users can access, manipulate and retrieve GIS data without necessity of GIS software.
GIS + WWW Internet GIS
Thick client (Client) : Display client request.
Client Side
Thin client ( Server) : Store information and executes client request
Server Side
Wireless GIS
Inexpensive hardware, standardized communication protocols and innovative software made possible to deploy GIS functionality in a mobile computing environment
Mobility + Wireless connectivity + GIS = Wireless GIS
Provide the facility to extract particular sets of information where it is needed
Mobile Switching Center
Web Hosts/Servers
A Simplified Cellular Network
• Wireless Technologies
Third Generation (3G)
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
• 3G
ITU specification for the third generation of mobile communications technology.
Bandwidth, up to 384 Kbps when a device is stationary or moving at pedestrian speed, 128 Kbps in a car, and 2 Mbps in fixed applications.
Work over wireless air interfaces such as GSM, TDMA, and CDMA.
• GPRS
Standard for wireless communications
Runs at speeds up to 115 kilobits per second
• CDMA
A digital cellular technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques
CDMA does not assign a specific frequency to each user Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum
• WLAN
A type of local-area network that uses high-frequency radio waves rather than wires to communicate between nodes
Open Source
Free to use – no licensing fees
Duplicate software and installed on any machine
Full Access to source code
Highly responsive to end-user requirements
• Web Map Service (WMS)Produces maps of georeferenced data
Maps are rendered in a pictorial format such as PNG, GIF or JPEG,
GetCapabilities (required): Obtain service-level metadata, which is a machine-readable (and human-readable) description of the WMS's information content and acceptable request parameters
GetMap (required): Obtain a map image whose geospatial and dimensional parameters are well-defined
GetFeatureInfo (optional): Ask for information about particular features shown on a map.
• Web Feature Service (WFS)
Retrieve geospatial data encoded in Geography Markup Language (GML) from multiple Web Feature Services
Support INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, QUERY and DISCOVERY operations on geographic features using HTTP as the distributed computing platform
Client
Web Feature Service(WFS)
WFS Request WFS Response
Minnesota MapServer
• Originally developed as free map server software containing various freeware systems - Shapelib, FreeType, Proj.4, libTIFF etc.
• Runs under Windows and UNIX operating systems, supports various formats both raster and vector datasets.
• Relies on the CGI mode program, Map file and Template file.
Library SupportGD C library for the dynamic creation of images PNG, JPEG
PNG PNG support
Proj.4 Cartographic projection library
Freetype TrueType font support
OGR Simple Features Library, C++ open source library supports vector formats –ESRI Shape files, MapInfo tab, GML, Arc/Info coverage, DGN, PostgreSQL
GDAL Translator library supports raster geospatial data formats – TIFF/GeoTIFF, JPEG, Arc/Info Grid, ENVI ESRI header, ERDAS
Imagine.
Map file
• Presented as ASCII file. configures basic information for Minnesota Map Server mechanism such as map’s unit, projection and the path of the data.
• Used for object definition. Every mechanism is considered as object in Map file like map object, label object, layer object, projection object, legend object, class object and so forth.
Template file
• Required for rendering image on user's web browser
• HTML file with specially tagged replaceable parameters designated with square brackets.
• When the map server receives queries from users, it reads the Template file and generates map objects to reply to the users. The parameters in the square brackets would be replaced by the exact path of the output file.
MapServer Using CGIWeb Browser
CGI-Request (Mapserv)
Minnesota MapServer (WMS)
PostgreSQL Geodatabase
MapFile
HTMLTemplate
File
DesiredMap
Spatial Database
The CGI mode program
The CGI mode program of Minnesota Map Server is called Mapserv – a component to store all freeware systems.
Map Server executable is called directly from CGI mode, and renders the entire HTML page based on parameters passed in the query string, and static configuration files stored on the web server.
Map File ExampleMAP
NAME "thai" STATUS ON EXTENT -231930.03916 459597.455047 1673801.76813 2365717.07906 SIZE 500 500 SHAPEPATH "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/Thailand/data/" SYMBOLSET "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/Thailand/etc/symbols.sym" FONTSET "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/Fonts/fonts.list" IMAGECOLOR -1 -1 -1 UNITS METERS IMAGETYPE JPEG
WEB
TEMPLATE "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/indice/indice.html" IMAGEPATH "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/tmp/" IMAGEURL "/tmp/" HEADER QHead.html TEMPLATE main.html FOOTER QFoot.html
LAYER NAME "province" STATUS DEFAULT DATA 'province' TYPE POLYGON UNITS METERS TEMPLATE "QProvince.html" CLASSITEM 'PV_NAME_E' LABELITEM 'PV_NAME_E‘ CLASS NAME "province" COLOR 255 187 169 OUTLINECOLOR 150 98 255 SIZE 1 ENDEND
WMS Result
PNG, JPEG, GIF Query Map
PostgreSQLObject-Relational DBMS
Uses a client-server model of communication
PostgreSQL can be extended by the user in many ways, for example by adding new Data types Functions Operators Aggregate functions Index methods Procedural languages
PostGIS
Adds support for geographic objects to the PostgreSQL object-relational database
Spatially enables, the PostgreSQL server, allowing it to be used as a backend spatial database for geographic information systems
Spatial Data Logger• System Development
PHPPostgreSQL
Minnesota MapServer
Spatial Database
Client Interface Application Software Data Server
PostGIS
Software ProfileSoftware Function
Apache Server 2.0.47 HTTP Web Server
Minnesota MapServer 4.0 MapServer
PostgreSQL 7.3.5 RDBMS
PostGIS 0.7.5 PostgreSQL extend
PHP 4.3.2 Server Scripting Language
Webmin System Administration for Unix
Hardware ProfileHardware Feature
Laser itouch P600 Pocket PC 2002
ipaq 3970 Pocket PC 2002
Compact Flash GPS Inbuilt Antenna GPS Receiver
Compact Flash Camera Mobile Device Camera
Extension Slot Extension for Compact Flash cards
Prototype Development
PHP PostgreSQL
GIS Data
Minnesota Mapserver
PostGIS
Web Server
Application Server
Data Server
RequestWireless Network
HTML Pages
Query
• System Flow
• CGI interfaces the client’s request with the apache web server which further sends it to PHP compiler.• PHP executes the request by invoking the necessary SQL sentences for updating, uploading and deleting the information into the PostgreSQL/PostGIS database.• The request is now retrieved into the database and ready to display through MapServer.• The PostGIS layer is connected with MapServer through the internal map file configuration providing geo-database access.
• PostGIS Layer LAYER # This Layer is connected to the PosetgresSQL database table stationrid by postGIS CONNECTIONTYPE postgis NAME "stationrid" CONNECTION "user=postgres password=star123 dbname=test host=localhost port=5432" DATA "the_geom from stationrid" STATUS ON DUMP TRUE TYPE POINT TOLERANCE 16 TEMPLATE "QStationrid.html"
CLASSITEM “stat_name”LABELITEM “stat_name”
CLASS SYMBOL 3 COLOR 75 55 200 SIZE 7
LABELFONT toomtamCOLOR 50 255 55TYPE bitmapSIZE smallPOSITION AUTO
END
END
END
Upload Data Using Open GIS Function
<?php
$sid = $_GET["ID"];
$sname = $_GET["NAME"];
$lat = $_GET["XX"]; $lon = $_GET["YY"];
$con = pg_connect("host=localhost port=5432 dbname=test user=postgres password=star123");
$res = pg_exec("INSERT INTO stationrid(id,stat_name,the_geom,srid) VALUES($sid,'$sname',GeometryFromText('POINT($lat $lon)',23846),'$sid')"); pg_close($con);
?>
ResultsThe prototype is publicly available on the Internet at :
http://203.159.10.15/bangkok/user.html
Available Actions
• Samples of user interaction and available maps
Ratchathawi, Bangkok Map
Upload Data Query Data
PostgreSQL Database
Database of Uploaded Points
Spatial Data Logger (SDL)
SDL Ready to use GIS in real time.
Field Verification
1. Locate point of interest 2. Submit upload form
3. View result 4. Query by point
Field Test
Applications
Flood Monitoring
Forest Fire
Map Updating
Environment
Natural disaster and hazard management
Tourism
Cost Estimation
• Software
• Hardware
No licensing fees for Open Source softwares
Freeware Softwares
Device Cost (Baht)
Laser P600 25000
Camera 6500
GPS 8000
Contact Dr. Nitin K. Tripathi
Associate ProfessorAsian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, ThailandPhone : +66-2-5246392Email : [email protected]
Dr.-Ing. Phisan Santitamnont
Assistant ProfessorSurvey Engineering Department
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Tel : +66 (0) 2218-6661
E-mail : [email protected]