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ORGANIZATIONALBEHAVIOR

Institute of Business Administration

& Aviation Sciences (IBAAS)

Dr. Wali Mughni

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ORGANIZATIONALBEHAVIOR

It is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structures have on behavior within the organization, for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization’s effectiveness.

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LEARNING METHODOLOGY

• From more important to less important

• Interactive

• Presentations (by Students)

• PowerPoint (on Slideshare.com – FB link)

• Books (Robbins + Luthans)

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THEORIES OF WORK MOTIVATION

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The Importance of Motivation in the Workplace

Determinants of Individual Performance Performance =

(Motivation X Ability) - Situational Constraints Motivation—the desire to do the job. Ability—the capability to do the job. Work environment—the resources needed to do the

job. Constraints in the environment hamper

performance

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Motivation Definition

The act or process of stimulating to action, providing an incentive or motive, especially for an act.

It results from the interactions among conscious and unconscious factors such as the

1. intensity of desire or need,2. incentive or reward value of the goal,

and 3. expectations of the individual and of

his or her significant others.

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Types of Motivation

Extrinsic motivation would include circumstances, situations, rewards or punishment, both tangible and intangible that participation in results in an external benefit.

Intrinsic motivation would include involvement in behavioral pattern, thought process, action, activity or reaction for its own sake and without an obvious external incentive for doing so.

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Perspective on Motivation

Content Perspective

Focus on needs and deficiencies of individuals

Approaches to motivation that try to answer the question, “What factors in the workplace motivate people?”

Process Perspective

Focus on why people choose certain behavioral options to satisfy their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained their goals.

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Hierarchy of Needs

Modified Pyramid

Biological and Physiological needs

Safety needs

Aesthetic needs

Cognitive needs

Esteem needs

Belongingness and Love needs

Self-actualization

Transcendence

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Two-Factor Theory

Job ContentJob Context

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Comparison

Job Content

Job Context

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ERG Theory

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Comparison

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Vroom’s VIE Theory

Valence refers to the emotional orientations people hold with respect to outcomes [rewards].

Expectancy: Employees have different expectations and levels of confidence about what they are capable of doing.

Instrumentality: The perception of employees whether they will actually get what they desire even if it has been promised by a manager.

Motivation = Valence x Expectancy x Instrumentality

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Equity Theory

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Attribution Theory

Attribution theory is concerned with how individual interpret events and how this is related to their thinking and behavior.

The motivation theory associated here describes how people explain, justify, and/or provide excuses about influences on their motivation - meaning, their current motivation level is due to some external reason that has nothing to do with them.

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Locus Of Control

Internal Locus of Control

Individual believes that his/her behavior is guided by his/her personal decisions and efforts.

External Locus of Control

Individual believes that his/her behavior is guided by fate, luck, or other external circumstances

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ARE YOU MOTIVATED TO LEARN?

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