What did you enjoy learning about MOST in

UNIT ONE?Click on the “A” button and type your answer on this board!

Unit 1 Test: ReviewMandatory Session!

2/14/11

Martin LutherA Spanish galleon, ca. 1600

Louis XIV of France

Cupid

How to Prepare for your TestComplete the Student Guides from the lessons in

Unit 1 (print them out!)Complete all the Unit 1 Checkpoints and Quizzes!!Read the Study Guide I pushed out at the

beginning of this session.This is an OPEN NOTE TEST!!ASK QUESTIONS!!

The TestUnit 1 Test – PART I - Worth 60 Points

There are 20 multiple choice questionsYou have unlimited time to take the examYou may RETAKE the exam for a higher scoreIt is DUE by Sunday, Feb. 20th at midnight

Unit 1 Test – PART II – Worth 20 PointsYou must complete the essay portion of the

test!The Essay should be 2 paragraphs, at least 8

sentences:Use the Essay Guide to complete the essayClick on Unit 1 Test: Part 2, download the

Essay GuideSave your essay, then upload it in the

DROPBOX!Essay Topic: The Catholic Counter-

Reformation!

• A – Finding a newer and faster sea route to China and India• B – Conquering new lands and people, spreading Christianity• C – A spirit of intellectual curiosity• D – Trading gold, spices and other resources to get rich and powerful• E – All of the Above

What motivated European Exploration during the Age of Discovery?

Prince Henry and the dawn of DiscoveryPortuguese sailor

and explorer, born in 1394

Set up a “school” for navigators and map-makers in 1427

Set his sights on AFRICA

Wanted to find a route around Africa to Asia

Helped establish the first slave trade between Portugal and Africa

Two Important Sailing InnovationsTHE CARAVEL Invented by the Portuguese in

the 15th centuryLight, maneuverable sailing shipUsed a TRIANGULAR SAIL that

allowed ships to move AGAINST THE WIND!

Allowed for greater speed as well

THE COMPASS Earliest known use of it was in

China, ca. 250 BCFirst used by European sailors in

the 13th centuryUses a magnetized lodestoneEnabled voyages beyond coastsHelps sailors find DIRECTION!

VS.

English Colonies in North America:Virginia Company established

Jamestown in 1607Trading site for gold, furs and

tobacco. Lasted until 1705.1620 – The __________________

landed at Plymouth Rock, Mass.102 colonists came, looking for

RELIGIOUS FREEDOMWe call them Puritans or

__________________.They were persecuted by the

Church of England for their Protestant (Calvinist) beliefs.

The MAYFLOWER COMPACT, Nov. 12 1620“Having undertaken a voyage to plant the

first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these present solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.”

Why is this document so important? The Original copy!

A New World of Trade

• What kinds of things were traded back and forth in the Columbian Exchange?

• What were the positives and negatives for each side?

Countries like Portugal, England and Spain traded guns in Africa to local chiefs for slaves and captured prisoners.

Slaves made the MIDDLE PASSAGE from Africa to the West Indies.There, the slaves worked in sugar cane plantations, which led to

higher European demand and increased slave trade across the Atlantic

SLAVERY comes to Africa and the New World…

The Protestant ReformationWhich of the following was a CAUSE

of the Protestant Reformation:A – Church clergy were abusing their

powerB – The poor were being neglected

while bishops and cardinals grew wealthier

C – Kings and Popes fought back and forth over who was more powerful

D – The sale of indulgences to pay for Church building projects

E – All of the Above

How much for no

Purgatory?

After 100 years of growing hatred…Thirty Year’s War! (1618 –

1648)

• The Cause: HRE Ferdinand II wanted to make Bohemia Catholic; it was Protestant.

• Catholics, Lutherans and Calvinists all fought each other in GERMANY,

the Holy Roman Empire fell apart and was divided up into small principalities.

• So: France, Spain, Sweden and Denmark all tried to snatch parts of Germany!

• The Result: more then 3 million Europeans died. FRANCE won BIG TIME!

The Peace of Westphalia and the Results of Reformation in Europe

The Peace of Westphalia (1648) ended the Thirty Years War

Spain, Germany and Sweden were all weakened by war, loss of land

FRANCE grew in size and power after the war: centralized

New borders were drawn, official “countries” were established

Absolute Monarchies became the new way to govern

What does it mean to be an “Absolute Monarch”?

What is the “Divine Right of Kings”?

Two Absolute Monarchs:

LOUIS XIV - FRANCERuled France for 72 years:

The “Sun King” (d. 1715)Ended Feudalism, made

Paris the official CapitalControlled every aspect of

French governmentBuilt the Palace of

Versailles as a symbol of his wealth and power

“I am the State.” – Louis XIV

Peter the Great - RUSSIA Ruled for 42 years (d. 1725) Through military victories , he created

the Russian Empire, the largest in the world at the time

Modernized Russia by making it more “European”; brought ships, technology and new ideas to Russia: no beards!

Reformed the Russian Orthodox Church

Built St. Petersburg, and made it his new capital

The ENGLISH CIVIL WAR: King – No King – King Again!

King Charles I of England refused to give in to Parliaments demands

He claimed Divine Right to Absolute Rule – Parliament declared war!

Charles I lost the Civil War, was arrested and beheaded in 1649

Parliament’s leader, Oliver Cromwell, took over as “Lord Protector” until his death in 1658 – He was a Puritan: NO FUN

Parliament restored the Monarchy in 1660, allowing Charles II to be king

England was back where it started, almost…Parliament was now calling the shots!

The Glorious Revolution - 1688King James II of England was

Catholic, so was his new son…Parliament wanted to keep England

Protestant, so it called on William III of Holland to fight James II

James II ran away like a little girl…William and Mary become King

and Queen of EnglandParliament has major pull now, so:ENGLISH BILL of RIGHTS in

1689What did it guarantee?

QUESTIONS???• Secret Phrase: “I must complete BOTH parts

of the Unit 1Test by Sunday night.”

• GOOD LUCK on the TEST!

Palace of Versailles