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Unit Topics: Independence Movements; regional social, economic, and political
developments since 1945”, Wars and Advancing Technology
SOLs: WHII 1a,b,c,d,e; 13 b,c; 15 a,b,c and embedded SOL REVIEW!!!!
World HistoryUnit 6
WH II 14:REVIEW INDIA!!! The student will demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of independence movements and development efforts by
a)describing the struggles for self-rule, including Gandhi’s leadership in India and the development of India’s democracy b)describing Africa’s achievement of independence, including Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership of Kenya and Nelson Mandela’s c)describing the end of the mandate system and the creation of states in the Middle East, including the roles of Golda Meir and Gamal Abdul Nasser.
India: Independence
What do you know about each of the following:
Hinduism: Islam: Gandhi: Nehru: Jinnah: Indira Gandhi:
Independence for India British policies and the demand for self rule
led to the rise of Indian Independence movements, which resulted in the creation of new states in the Indian sub continent. What were the British policies? Who made demands for independence? What methods did they use?
GEOGRAPHY of “India” on a map
Find on the Indian sub-continent: Area called “British India” The Republic of India, a democratic nation
that developed after independence Pakistan (formerly WEST Pakistan) Bangladesh (formerly EAST Pakistan) Sri Lanka (formerly CEYLON)
Independence in Africa:
describe Africa’s achievement of independence, including Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership of Kenya and Nelson Mandela’s
Jomo Kenyatta Nelson Mandela Other independence leaders: (see chart)
African Independence: POST WWII Independence due to:
“Right to self-determination” is part of the UN Charter
Increasing pride in African cultures and heritage
Resentment toward imperial rule and economic exploitation
Loss of colonies by Great Britain, France, Belgium and Portugal
Influence of the post-WWII superpower rivalry during the COLD WAR
Independence in Africa West vs. East WEST Africa =
PEACFUL EAST Africa =
VIOLENT
African Independence Revolutions were both peaceful AND violent
WEST Africa = mostly peaceful (Ghana) Algeria : War for Independence from France=
(VIOLENT) EAST Africa = many VIOLENT revolutions
Kenya= VIOLENT (Jomo Kenyatta, Mau-Mau, etc.)
South Africa = VIOLENT also APARTHEID (racial segregation was a big
problem and led to international outcry to end it)
Nelson Mandela’s leadership was crucial
African Independence:Kwame Nkrumah Ghana (Gold
Coast): British colony
African Independence: JOMO KENYATTA
Kenya (British colony)
African Independence: Mau-Mau
Kenya (British colony) VIOLENT
African Independence:Idi Amin
Uganda—British colony
VIOLENT!
African Independence:Nelson Mandela
South Africa (Dutch, then British colony)
VIOLENT British fought
Dutch farmers known as BOERS
British fought ZULU tribe, led by Shaka ZULU
African Independence: F.W.de Klerk*
Archbishop Desmond Tutu
Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984, this Anglican Archbishop supported economic sanctions against his own country and other nonviolent means to challenge the system of racial segregation in South Africa. (APARTHEID)
African Independence: Mobutu Sese Seko Democratic
Republic of the Congo (formerly known as ZAIRE…and formerly known as the Belgian Congo!)
Renamed Democratic Republic of the Congo after Sese Seko was overthrown
African Independence: Robert Mugabe
Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) Named after
Cecil Rhodes (a British imperialist)
Robert Mugabe This Rhodesian
nationalist leader fought against white minority rule and helped bring about independence in 1980. The country was renamed Zimbabwe after an ancient African kingdom and this man was elected president. He insisted on one party rule and tolerated little opposition.
African Independence:Ian Smith* Rhodesia (before it
became “Zimbabwe”) --British colony
African Independence:Julius Nyerere
Tanzania—British colony
See page 704 in the book!
Review history of:MonotheismJudaismChristianityIslam
Middle East: describe the end of the mandate system and the creation of states in the Middle East, including the roles of Golda Meir and Gamal Abdel Nasser.
Review: Colonialism, Berlin Conference, religion, WW I and WWII, Holocaust, establishment of Israel, and related events
Middle East: Peace and Conflict Nationalism and the mandate system after
WWI (REVIEW!) UN decision to END the mandate system after
WWII Religious conflicts cause TENSION and
violence Economic development and the tension
between modernization and westernization Arab-Israeli Dispute (ongoing) Egypt and the Suez Canal (Suez Crisis)
Middle East: Peace and Conflict
Mandates (after WWI) to know and find on a map: FRENCH = Syria and
Lebanon
BRITISH = Jordan (called Transjordan) and Palestine (part became independent as the State of Israel in 1948)
Can you discuss part of the HISTORY and culture of the mandates before, during and after the mandate era?
Middle East: Golda Meir Prime minister
of Israel* led Israel
(after initial setbacks) to victory in the Yom Kippur War*
Strong support of the United States
Israel’s position is vulnerable in the Middle East
Middle East: Gamal Abdel NASSER
President of Egypt Nationalized the
Suez Canal (took it from British control)
Established a relationship with the Soviet Union during the Cold War
Built the Aswan High Dam
Gamal Abdel NASSER
founder of the so-called “Non-Aligned Movement” ( India and Yugoslavia)
developed close relations with the Soviet Union. USSR its satellites became chief source of
military equipment and financial aid, beginning with a massive arms deal with Czechoslovakia in 1955.
May of 1967, Nasser expelled UN peacekeepers from the Sinai peninsula and announced a blockade of the Straits of Tiran to Israel-bound shipping. (Openly declares he wants to destroy Israel)
Key “wars” to remember about Israel and its neighbors
1948: State of Israel is created
Immediately invaded by : Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria
Suez Crisis (Nasser in Egypt) and later the Six Day War 1967
1973 Yom Kippur War (vs. Egypt and Syria)
Six Day War the third major Arab-Israeli conflict
— was in a sense a continuation of the first two wars. Broadly speaking, the causes of the fighting in 1967 overlapped with the causes of fighting in 1948 (Arab rejection of Israel) and 1956 (continued rejectionism and an Egyptian blockade of shipping to Israel).
Israel, Egypt, Syria and Jordan were the key players
Middle East Conflict as part of the COLD WAR:
Geopolitical aspects of Six Day War 1967: As American relations with Egypt soured,
the Soviet Union stepped up its influence in the Arab world, working to build (pro-Soviet) Arab unity by focusing Arab attention on their common enemy, Israel
USA tries to get Israel to “hold off” and never strike first. USA provides intelligence to assist Israel make every strike count when they have to
Middle East: Yasir Arafat Committed soldier
against state of Israel
Head of the PLO (independent nationalist organization)
By 1988, he “renounces” violence and by 1993 signs Oslo Peace Accords with Rabin….
BUT, a new intifada begins 2000….
…Arafat dies in 2004
Oslo Peace Accords,1993
TERMS for Palestinians were to include: Self rule in West Bank & Gaza Strip (find
those on the map) renunciation of terrorism (STOP being
terrorists!) Recognize Israel’s right to exist”
Middle East: Yitzak Rabin Gets a Nobel
Peace Prize with Arafat
Assassinated by a Jewish student
Middle East: Ayatollah Khomeini
Installed after 1979 Islamic Revolution that overthrew Pahlavi Dynasty in Iran
US embassy was raided and US hostages held until 1980
SEE PAGE 713 in
the book!
Review the following world leaders who made major contributions to events in the second half of the twentieth century Country? Religion? Notable cultural features? Relationship with USA & USSR
during Cold War Era? Current Events?
Indira Gandhi:
From India Closer relationship
between India and the Soviet Union during the Cold War
Developed nuclear program
Margaret Thatcher British prime minister
Free trade and less government regulation of business
Close relationship with United States and U.S. foreign policy
Assertion of United Kingdom’s military power
Mikhail Gorbachev & Ronald Reagan Glasnost (“openness”=
free speech, press) and perestroika (“restructuring” of the Soviet economy: market, free enterprise with some private business)
Last “president” of Soviet Union
Deng Xiaoping
Reformed Communist China’s economy to a market economy leading to rapid economic growth
Continued communist control of government
Asia in Transition: China after WW II
Division of China into two nations at the end of WWII (Taiwan and People’s Republic of China)
Communist China participated in Korean Conflict on North Korea’s side
Modern leadership of DENG XIAOPENG/REFORMS ECONOMY
China after Mao: DENG XIAOPING
Reformed communist economy to market economy leading to RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH
Continued Communist control of the government
Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989
Died 1997
Asia in Transition: Southeast Asia and the struggle to establish democratic gov’t Colonial heritage
Ethnic and religious conflict
Asia in Transition: Japan and the “ASIAN TIGERS”
These areas have created successful industrial economies and are the new “powerhouses” of the global economy
Japan South Korea
Singapore Hong Kong
Can you identify the nations of Asia and Southeast Asia and discuss the religion and histories of those nations?
IMPORTANT “End of the Semester Items” to wrap it all up: Terrorism & Global
Security concerns Global economy Technology and
Communications Revolution
Energy and “Green” Info
The FUTURE
“Analyze the increasing impact of TERRORISM” What is terrorism? What causes terrorism? What are some EXAMPLES of
terrorist activities? How has terrorism affected
both developed and developing nations?
Terrorism:
“the use of violence and threats to intimidate and coerce for political reasons”
RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM is a major cause
Another cause is the inability to “deal” with inequities in social, cultural or economic systems in a terrorist’s homeland
Terrorism: EXAMPLES
Munich Olympics in 1972 (PLO murdered Israeli athletes in the Olympic Village dorms)
USA on Sept. 11, 2001 (9-11) (Muslim extremists encouraged by Osama Bin Laden attacked Twin Towers in NTC and the Pentagon in Washington, DC)
Car bombings Suicide Bombers Airline Hijackers
Munich, Germany Sept. 5, 1972: Early group of
the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) calling themselves “Black September” attacked Israeli athletes in Olympic
Hostages all killed at airport
Osama Bin Laden & his religious extremists on Sept. 11th, 2001
Government Responses to Terrorism:
SURVEILLANCE of “suspects”
Restriction of some privacy rights
More security at airports and water-ports
Increased use of IDENTIFICATION BADGES and PHOTO IDS
WW II 16: The student will demonstrate knowledge of cultural, economic, and social conditions in developed and developing nations of the contemporary world
Q: What can you tell me about the HISTORIES of the places in RED? Religions? Colonial ism? Independence Struggles? Terrorist Activities?
A. identifying contemporary political issues, with emphasis on migrations of refugees and others, ethnic/religious conflicts, and the impact of technology, including chemical and biological technologies
Q: What are some of the Key Challenges faced by the contemporary world?
Q: What new technologies have created both OPPORTUNITIES and challenges?
Challenge: “MIGRATIONS”
REFUGEES International
conflicts produce waves of refugees fleeing political, ethnic, religious or economic troubles in:
Middle East Northern Ireland Balkans Horn of Africa South Asia
“GUEST WORKERS”
Numbers of “guest workers” flood European cities
New Technologies=Good and/or Bad
IMPACT of New Technology?
Widespread BUT “UNEQUAL” access to computers
Instantaneous communication via internet, cell-phone, IM, social media etc.
BIOETHICS of genetic engineering and cloning
b) assessing the impact of economic development and global population growth on the environment and society, including an understanding of the links between economic and political freedom.
Q: How does the developing world compare with the developed world in terms of economic, social and population characteristics?
Characteristics:
DEVELOPIN G: DEVELOPED:
Location on map? Economics weak or
“in transition” Social conditions:
literacy rates tend to be LOW here, little access to health care or technologies
Population SIZE and growth rates : high
Location on Map? Strong economics with
more “knowledge workers” in service industries
Social conditions: HIGH literacy rates, access to health care and technologies
Populations are manageable growth is lower
Q: What effect or “IMPACTS” are economic development and rapid population growth having on the ENVIRONMENT?
Negative Effects in “developing countries”: POLLUTION Habitats lost from destruction of
environment Global climate change (used to be called
“ozone depletion”) Poverty Poor health Illiteracy (people can’t read or write) Famine (people starve) Migrations….as refugees or “guest
workers”
Q: What are the links between economic development and political freedom? FREE market economies (except in
China) produce “good things” for the people: Rising standard of living (life is better
in general) Expanding and prosperous MIDDLE CLASS Middle Class then DEMANDS more
POLITICAL FREEDOMS and INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS (except in China)
Look at : TAIWAN (Jiang Jieshi) and SOUTH KOREA (NOT communist)
C. describing economic interdependence including the rise of:• multinational corporations =•international organizations=•trade agreements=
Q: How is economic interdependence changing the world?
How is economic interdependence changing the world? Rapid transportation , communication and
computer network Rise and influence of MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATIONS Changing role of international boundaries Regional integration like European Union Trade Agreements between nations:
NAFTA, WTO (World Trade Organization) International Organizations: UN & IMF
(International Monetary Fund)
WH II 15: REVIEW!!The student will demonstrate knowledge of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism in the contemporary world by:
a)describing their beliefs, sacred writings, traditions and customsb)Locating the geographic distribution of religions in the contemporary world
Unofficial “c” is : associating the role of religion in modern political conflicts
Current Status of the World
Be able to identify each country (ANY country) on the world map
Be able to generalize an intelligent statement about that country regarding: A. Status at 1500 B. Status at 1800 C. Status at 1945 D. Status at 2014 with a
current event!