World Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and water
WIGOS – WMO Foundation for Meeting the Observing needs of Weather, Climate, Water and Environment Services
--Presentation at First Asia CryoNet Workshop
Dr Wenjian ZhangDr Wenjian Zhang
Observing and Information Systems DepartmentObserving and Information Systems DepartmentWorld Meteorological Organization (WMO)World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/wigos/
WMO
Outline
• WMO Vision and Priorities• Background of WMO Integrated
Global Observing System -WIGOS• WIGOS Key Activity Areas and
Major Progress• Summary
WMO/OMM
WMO in The United Nations SystemInternational
Courtof Justice
GeneralAssembly
Economic and Social Council
SecurityCouncil
Secretariat TrusteeshipCouncil
Main and other sessional committees Standing committees and ad-hoc bodies Other subsidiary organs and related bodies
UNRWA
IAEA
INSTRAW UNCHS UNCTAD UNDCP UNDP UNEP UNFPA UNHCR UNICEF UNIFEM UNITAR UNU WFC
UNTSO UNMOGIP UNFICYP UNDOF UNIFIL UNIKOM UNAVEM II ONUSAL MINURSO UNPROFOR UNOSOM II UNOMIG UNOMIL UNMIH UNAMIR UNMOT
WFP ITC
Military Staff Committe Standing committees and ad-hoc bodies
FUNCTIONAL COMMISIONS REGIONAL COMMISSIONS SESSIONAL AND STANDING COMMITTEES EXPERT, AD-HOC AND RELATED BODIES
ILO FAO UNESCO(IOC) WHO
World Bank Group IBRD IDA IFC MIGA
IMF ICAO UPU ITU WMO World Meteorological Organization IMO WIPO IFAD UNIDO WTO
UN programmes and organs (representative list only)
Specialized agencies and other autonomous organizations within the system
Other commissions, committees and ad-hoc related bodies
WMO in Brief• The World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
is the UN system's authoritative voice on the state and behaviour of the Earth's atmosphere, its interaction with the oceans, the climate it produces and the resulting distribution of water resources.
• The vision of WMO is to provide world leadership in expertise and international cooperation in weather, climate, hydrology and water resources and related environmental issues and thereby contribute to the safety and well-being of people throughout the world and to the economic benefit of all nations
Organizational Structure of WMO (191 Members )
CONGRESSCONGRESS
ExecutiveExecutive CouncilCouncil
6 Regional Associations6 Regional Associations 8 Technical Commissions8 Technical Commissions
Working Groups Rapporteurs
Working Groups Rapporteurs
Other BodiesJSC-WCRP , IPCCJSTC-GCOS
Working GroupsPanel of Experts
Secretary-GeneralSecretary-GeneralSecretariatSecretariat
WMO/OMM
6 6 Regional Associations
R.A. IR.A. IAfricaAfrica(56 Members(56 Members))
R.A.IIIR.A.IIISouth AmericaSouth America(13 Members)(13 Members)
R.A. VR.A. VSouth-West PacificSouth-West Pacific(22 Members)(22 Members)
R.A. VIR.A. VIEuropeEurope(50 Members)(50 Members)
R.A. IVR.A. IVNorth America, North America, Central AmericaCentral AmericaAnd the And the CaribbeanCaribbean(25 Members)(25 Members)
R.A. IIR.A. IIAsiaAsia(35 Members)(35 Members)
WMO/OMM
8 8 Technical Commissions
Basic Commissions
• Commission for Basic Systems (CBS)
• Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations (CIMO)
• Commission for Hydrology (CHy)
• Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS)
Applications Commissions
• Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM)
• Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM)
• Joint WMO/IOC technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM)
• Commission for Climatology (CCl)
WMO/OMM
WMO Programmes
World Weather Watch World Weather Watch (( WWWWWW)) Programme Programme
WMO Space Programme WMO Space Programme
Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation ProgrammeNatural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme
Education and Training ProgrammeEducation and Training ProgrammeTechnical Cooperation ProgrammeTechnical Cooperation Programme
Regional ProgrammeRegional Programme
WorldWorldClimateClimate
ProgrammeProgramme
AtmosphericAtmosphericResearch Research
and and EnvironmentEnvironmentProgrammeProgramme
ApplicationsApplicationsofof
MeteorologyMeteorologyProgrammeProgramme
HydrologyHydrologyandand
WaterWaterResourcesResourcesProgrammeProgramme
WMO/OMM
10
WMO Priorities:2012-2015
Global Framework for Climate Services - GFCS WMO Integrated Global Observing System
(WIGOS)/WMO Information System (WIS) Disaster Risk Reduction-DRR Capacity Development- CD Aeronautical Meteorology
Outline
• WMO Vision and PrioritiesWMO Vision and Priorities• Background of WMO Integrated
Global Observing System -WIGOS• WIGOS Key Activity Areas and
Major Progress• Summary
A challenge:
The evolving observing systems
The continuing changing observing systemCourtesy, S. Brönnimann
WWMOMO IINTEGRATED NTEGRATED GGLOBAL LOBAL OOBSERVING BSERVING SSYSTEM YSTEM
(WIGOS) is both improving synergy and enhancing (WIGOS) is both improving synergy and enhancing capabilities of all observationscapabilities of all observations
WIGOS Global Observing Components
Global Observing Systems (WWW/GOS) RBSN, RBCN (>10,000 stations,1,000 upper-air) AMDAR (39754/day) Ship & Marine obs (30417/day) Surface-based remote sensing Meso-scale networks
WMO Space Programme Observing component of Global Atmospheric
Watch (GAW) Hydrological Observations (including WHYCOS) Observing component of Global Cryosphere Watch
(GCW)
What are the problems? Globally
• Lack of integrated coordination & management• No integrated design for meeting multi-
functional needs• No integrated information source • No integrated Quality management• No integrated vision for future development• No integrated implementation coordination• ……..GFCS and new initiatives challenge us..
The GFCS initial priority areasProvide challenges & opportunities for new partnership to
address new observational requirements via user communities
Agriculture Water
HealthDisaster Risk Reduction
http://www.wmo.int/gfcs
GFCS Implementation Plan identified Some Key Challenges
• Data: the current availability and quality of climate observations and impacts data are inadequate for large parts of the globe.
• Partnership: interactions between climate service users and providers are not always well developed, and user requirements are not always adequately understood and addressed.
• Quality: operational climate services are lagging advances in climate and applications sciences, and the spatial and temporal resolution of information is often insufficient to match user requirements.
GFCS Implementation Plan- PillarsCryosphere importance
• OBS: Both surface-based and space observations are required of physical and chemical climate variables of the atmosphere, land, and oceans, including hydrologic and carbon cycles and the cryosphere.
• Research: Among the many specific future products, WCRP with partners, such as the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW), will aim to produce an assessment of the state of the cryosphere in the 21st century with estimates of cryospheric contributions to future water resources and an assessment of regional variations in sea-level rise with guidance on expected sea-level extremes.
GFCS Implementation PlanCryosphere importance
• The cryosphere can have direct impacts on fresh water availability and therefore potentially on food security and health. Interdisciplinary coordination and collaboration across all priority areas is therefore crucial to enhancing synergies and avoiding duplication.
• Such long-term observations (which also include the hydrosphere, biosphere and cryosphere) are vital as a foundation for monitoring climate, climate variability and climate change, for evaluating the effectiveness of policies to adapt to climate change, for climate research and for providing initial states for (and validation of) climate prediction models.
Need an Integrated Global Observing System to meet all requirements in a cost –
effective manner
WMO Cg-16 (2011) decisions to Implement
WWMOMO IINTEGRATED NTEGRATED GGLOBAL LOBAL
OOBSERVING BSERVING SSYSTEM YSTEM
(WIGOS)(WIGOS)The key word is Integration:
promote synergy among systems
The whole is more than the sum of the parts--Aristotle
World Weather Watch
GOSGOS
GDPFSGDPFS
GTSGTS
WIGOSWIGOS
GCWGCWGAWGAW
Hydro OS
Hydro OS
WISWIS
GCOSPartners
Co-sponsors
WIGOS: A future observing framework for WMO
WIGOS Vision and Congress Decisions/Guidance
• The WIGOS vision calls for:– An integrated, coordinated and comprehensive observing
system to satisfy, in a cost-effective and sustained manner, the evolving observing requirements of Members in delivering their:
• Weather• Climate• Water and related environmental services.
• Furthermore, WIGOS will provide a framework for enabling the integration and optimized evolution of WMO observing systems, and of WMO’s collaboration with co-sponsored systems.
Outline
• WMO Vision and PrioritiesWMO Vision and Priorities• Background of WMO Integrated Background of WMO Integrated
Global Observing System Global Observing System -WIGOS-WIGOS
• WIGOS Key Activity Areas and Major Progress
• Summary
WMO OMM
EC 64 (2012) approved WIGOS Framework Implementation Plan (Global plan)
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Background
2. Key Activity Areas for WIGOS Implementation
3. Project Management
4. Implementation
5. Resources
6. Risk Management
7. Outlook
Annexes
KEY ACTIVITY AREAS 1) Management of WIGOS implementation
(EC, RAs, TCs, ICG)2) Collaboration with WMO and co-
sponsored observing systems 3) Design, planning and optimized
evolution4) Integrated Observing System operation
and maintenance5) Integrated Quality Management6) Standardization, system interoperability
and data compatibility7) The WIGOS Operational Information
Resource 8) Data and metadata management,
delivery and archival9) Capacity development10) Communication and outreach
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What does Integration mean? WMO
Activities aiming at:• Integrated Coordination and
Management: Coordinated Mechanism=Inter-Commission Group on WIGOS (ICG-WIGOS, GCW rep.), Project Oversight Board on WIGOS: integrating people working together !!
• Integrated Regulation and Manual: Development of WIGOS Technical Regulation and Manuals
WMO
DRAFT STRUCTURE OF WIGOS SECTIONS IN WMO TR - OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION 1. Purpose of WIGOS 2. WIGOS component observing systems
1. Global Observing System (GOS)2. Global Atmosphere Watch (observing component of GAW)3. WMO Hydrological Observations (not only WHYCOS ?)4. Global Cryosphere Watch (observing component of GCW)
3. Collaboration with co-sponsored and non-WMO observing system4. Governance and management
1. COMMON ATTRIBUTES OF COMPONENT SYSTEMS1. Requirements 2. Design, planning and evolution3. Instrumentation and Methods of Observation4. Operations5. Observational Metadata 6. Quality Management7. Capacity Development
2. COMMON ATTRIBUTES SPECIFIC TO THE SURFACE-BASED SUB-SYSTEM OF WIGOS3. COMMON ATTRIBUTES SPECIFIC TO THE SPACE-BASED SUB-SYSTEM OF WIGOS4. OBSERVING COMPONENT OF THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE WATCH (GAW) 5. OBSERVING COMPONENT OF THE GLOBAL CRYOSPHERE WATCH (GCW)6. GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (GOS) OF WWW7. WMO HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (not only WHYCOS ?)
Manage WIGOS Implementation through Integrated TR---Promote recommended to standard practices
Update WMO Technical Regulations: engage all observing systemsStandard practices and procedures Recommended practices and
procedures
necessary for Members to follow or implement
desirable for Members to follow or implement
distinguished by the use of the term shall distinguished by the use of the term should
status of requirements status of recommendations
defined in a technical resolution
Members shall do their utmost to implement
Members urged to comply with
Article 9(b) of the Convention is applicable Article 9(b) of the Convention is not applicable
Members shall inform SG of inability or impracticability of implementation
No requirement
GR 128 is applicable GR 128 is not applicable
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What does Integration mean? WMO
Activities aiming at:• Integrated Observing
Information System: Development of the WIGOS Information Resource (WIR)-Cryosphere portal component
• Integrated Planning: Design, Planning and Optimized Evolution of WIGOS component observing systems (including space-based) according to all programmes requirements
Atmospheric Observations
Data Systems
Technology Development
OBSERVING SYSTEM TIMELINE
InnovationsBreakthrough
Efficiencies Cost
Mass Productions
Space Observations
Ocean Observations
Innovations
Breakthrough
Efficiencies Cost
Mass Productions
20th Century 21st Century
Discipline Specific View Whole System View
TechnologyDevelopment
We have some Global Earth Observations We don’t have:
From Tom Karl
32WCRP Open Science Conference October 24, 2011
Global Warming--Global Warming--Integrated ObservationsIntegrated ObservationsExample Challenge – Example Challenge – Purposeful reduction of Purposeful reduction of
structural and statistical monitoring errorsstructural and statistical monitoring errors
• Ten Indicators of a Warming World• Seven of these observed indicators would be expected to increase in a warming world,
and observations show that they are, in fact, increasing. • Three would be expected to decrease, and they are, in fact, decreasing.
From the 2009 State of the Climate Report
33
What does Integration mean? (cont.)WMO
Activities aiming at:
• Integrated Approach for Better Observations: Quality Management, Standardization, System Interoperability and Data Compatibility
• Integration at Data Level: Data discovery, delivery and archival
WCRP Grand Challenges
• Regional Climate Information
• Regional Sea-Level Rise
• Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
• Clouds, Circulation, and Climate Sensitivity
• Changes in Water Availability
• Science Underpinning the Prediction and Attribution of Extreme Events
Joey Comiso, NSAS/GSFC
Rongbuk glacier in 1968 (top) & 2007. The largest glacier on Mount Everest’s northern slopes feeds
Rongbuk River.
36WCRP Open Science Conference October 24, 2011
36
Operational observing Polar and Cryosphere from space
1979
2003
Observations are both: foundation and pioneer From Observing to monitoring, model input, and services
Understanding
Models
Predictions
ConsequencesValidation
Assimilation Initialization
Monitoring
Analysis
Observations
The availability of new observations strongly motivates advances in understanding, prediction, and application.
WMO OMM
02/05/14 40
SUMMARY
• Benefits of WIGOS– Enhanced Members’ capability, in a cost-effective
manner, to meet expanding national mandates and achieve higher national and international visibility;
– WIGOS provides a process and framework for improved collaboration and coordination within and beyond WMO;
• WIGOS is both: challenges and opportunities for building up synergies and new capabilities among us, a true win-win strategy for our future
Thank you for your attention !
• if you want go far, go together !!
• If you want go fast, go alone;
Thank you
Thank you
World Meteorological Organization 7bis, avenue de la Paix CH-1211 Geneva 2Switzerland
Climate Services need whole Earth observations
CirculationSurface WindsPrecipitationReflection and TransmissionSurface TemperatureEvaporationCurrentsUpwelling
CirculationSurface WindsPrecipitationReflection and TransmissionSurface TemperatureEvaporationCurrentsUpwelling
InfiltrationInfiltrationRunoffRunoffNutrient LoadingNutrient LoadingSurface TemperatureSurface TemperatureCurrentsCurrents
InfiltrationInfiltrationRunoffRunoffNutrient LoadingNutrient LoadingSurface TemperatureSurface TemperatureCurrentsCurrents
Surface WindsPrecipitationReflection and TransmissionEvaporationTranspirationSurface Temperature
Surface WindsPrecipitationReflection and TransmissionEvaporationTranspirationSurface Temperature
LandLand
Ocean
Atmosphere