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World War IWorld War I
Social Studies 9Social Studies 9
Ms. RebeccaMs. Rebecca
Review of ImperialismReview of Imperialism
Imperialism ReflectionImperialism Reflection
What is What is ImperialismImperialism??Do you think imperialism still Do you think imperialism still
happens today?happens today?How do you think imperialism is How do you think imperialism is
different today than it was in places different today than it was in places like India when the British were in like India when the British were in charge of the country?charge of the country?
How is imperialism bad?How is imperialism bad?
Destroys local cultureDestroys local cultureTreats local people poorlyTreats local people poorlyStarts fighting within the local peopleStarts fighting within the local people
How is imperialism good?How is imperialism good?
Brings money in sometimes.Brings money in sometimes.
In India:In India:Better for international business Better for international business
(learned English)(learned English)Safer conditions for wives (no more wife Safer conditions for wives (no more wife
burning), built railroads, more burning), built railroads, more convenient, set up government…… convenient, set up government……
Easier to get supplies from Great BritainEasier to get supplies from Great Britain
New ImperialismNew Imperialism
http://insidenewyork.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/mcdonalds.jpghttp://insidenewyork.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/mcdonalds.jpg
http://www.chinawholesalegift.com/pic/Coca-Cola-Promotional-Gifts/Cocacola-EL-Advertisement-Signboard-22412285613.jpg
How is imperialism bad?How is imperialism bad?
Think about the Scramble for Africa. Think about the Scramble for Africa. Do you think that some countries Do you think that some countries
may have been jealous if they didn’t may have been jealous if they didn’t have as many colonies as France in have as many colonies as France in Africa?Africa?
How might this lead to bad feelings How might this lead to bad feelings between different European between different European countries?countries?
ImperialismImperialism
Is one of the MAIN reasons why war Is one of the MAIN reasons why war broke out between European broke out between European countries in the First World War!countries in the First World War!
Our next unit! Our next unit! Hooraaaaaaaaaaaaay!Hooraaaaaaaaaaaaay!
World War 1 ReviewWorld War 1 Review
Causes of WWICauses of WWI
A. A. ImperialismImperialism1. Strong countries conquered smaller 1. Strong countries conquered smaller
weaker countries (colonies)weaker countries (colonies)2. European countries – Asia and Africa2. European countries – Asia and Africa3. European countries competed for 3. European countries competed for
colonies. This made them not like each colonies. This made them not like each otherother
World War IWorld War I
NationalismNationalism was one of the main was one of the main causes of World War 1 in 1914.causes of World War 1 in 1914.
B. NationalismB. Nationalism
1. Definition: To love your country 1. Definition: To love your country or cultureor culture
2. Example: Europeans thought 2. Example: Europeans thought they were the best and wanted to they were the best and wanted to fight a war to prove it.fight a war to prove it.
NationalismNationalism
What is What is Nationalism?Nationalism?How does How does nationalismnationalism make people make people
more willing to fight for their more willing to fight for their country?country?
C. Arms RaceC. Arms Race
1. Each country wanted to have the 1. Each country wanted to have the biggest military.biggest military.
2. More weapons make countries 2. More weapons make countries want to fight a war. want to fight a war.
D. AlliancesD. Alliances
AlliancesAlliances: agreement between : agreement between countries saying that the people of countries saying that the people of one nation would help the people of one nation would help the people of an an alliedallied nation if they needed it. nation if they needed it.
This meant that more countries were This meant that more countries were willing to take risks because they willing to take risks because they knew they had support from their knew they had support from their alliesallies..
E. Assassination of Archduke E. Assassination of Archduke FerdinandFerdinand
THE THE FINALFINAL thing that led to war! thing that led to war!1. 1. AssassinationAssassination is the killing of an is the killing of an
important personimportant person2. The archduke was the next king2. The archduke was the next king3. Austria Hungary controlled land in 3. Austria Hungary controlled land in
the Balkans, including a country the Balkans, including a country called Serbia. Serbia wanted their called Serbia. Serbia wanted their land back! land back!
Austria acts like a jerk to Austria acts like a jerk to Serbia!Serbia!
AustriansAustrians decide to have a parade decide to have a parade in in SerbiaSerbia celebrating that Austria celebrating that Austria taking over.taking over.
The parade is on the day of a The parade is on the day of a Serbian Serbian holiday.holiday.
This is VERY disrespectful to This is VERY disrespectful to Serbia.Serbia.
So…… Serbians get angry So…… Serbians get angry and:and:
A A Serbian Serbian man shoots the man shoots the Archduke Franz FerdinandArchduke Franz Ferdinand while while he is riding in a parade car.he is riding in a parade car.
Austria Hungary is really madAustria Hungary is really mad
They declare war on They declare war on Serbia Serbia
The BalkansThe Balkans
SummarySummary
Main causes of WWIMain causes of WWI Arms RaceArms Race: People try to show how strong they are with : People try to show how strong they are with
weapons (machine gun, ships, submarine)weapons (machine gun, ships, submarine) ImperialismImperialism: People take over other countries. They fight : People take over other countries. They fight
for land and colonizing. Ex: Indians got upset: warfor land and colonizing. Ex: Indians got upset: war Nationalism: Nationalism: To love you your country. You DON’T love To love you your country. You DON’T love
other countries. If my country is right, everyone else is other countries. If my country is right, everyone else is wrong. My country is the bestwrong. My country is the best
Alliances:Alliances: Friendship between countries. War gets bigger Friendship between countries. War gets bigger because countries that are friends fight for each other EVEN because countries that are friends fight for each other EVEN if they weren’t part of the first fight.if they weren’t part of the first fight.
Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandAssassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: When a Serbian : When a Serbian man killed the prince of Austria Hungary. man killed the prince of Austria Hungary.
Do Now:Do Now:
What were 4 things that were What were 4 things that were happening in Europe, BEFORE happening in Europe, BEFORE Archduke Franz Ferdinand was Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, that made world assassinated, that made world war likely?war likely?
Causes of WWI posterCauses of WWI poster Today you will make a poster about ONE of the causes of Today you will make a poster about ONE of the causes of
WWIWWI 1. Arms Race1. Arms Race: People try to show how strong they are with : People try to show how strong they are with
weapons (machine gun, ships, submarine)weapons (machine gun, ships, submarine) 2. Imperialism2. Imperialism: People take over other countries. They : People take over other countries. They
fight for land and colonizing. Ex: Indians got upset: warfight for land and colonizing. Ex: Indians got upset: war 3. Nationalism: 3. Nationalism: To love you your country. You DON’T love To love you your country. You DON’T love
other countries. If my country is right, everyone else is other countries. If my country is right, everyone else is wrong. My country is the bestwrong. My country is the best
4. Alliances:4. Alliances: Friendship between countries. War gets bigger Friendship between countries. War gets bigger because countries that are friends fight for each other EVEN because countries that are friends fight for each other EVEN if they weren’t part of the first fight.if they weren’t part of the first fight.
5. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand5. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: When a : When a Serbian man killed the prince of Austria Hungary. Serbian man killed the prince of Austria Hungary.
GroupsGroups
Group 1: Nationalism Group 1: Nationalism Group 2: Arms RaceGroup 2: Arms RaceGroup 3: ImperialismGroup 3: ImperialismGroup 4: AlliancesGroup 4: Alliances
Listen up!Listen up!
http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/student/audio/lth/hwh/student/audio/lth/hwh/hwh_worldwar1_lth.mp3hwh_worldwar1_lth.mp3
II. Beginning of WWIII. Beginning of WWI
A. The “small” warA. The “small” war1. The war should only be between 1. The war should only be between
Austria Hungary and Serbia.Austria Hungary and Serbia.
B. Alliance SystemB. Alliance System
1. Because of the 1. Because of the alliancealliance system it system it becomes a much bigger warbecomes a much bigger war
2. 2. Triple AllianceTriple Alliance = Germany, = Germany, Austria Hungary and ItalyAustria Hungary and Italy
3. 3. Triple Entente Triple Entente = Great Britain, = Great Britain, France, RussiaFrance, Russia
These These alliancesalliances
Were made BEFORE the war started!Were made BEFORE the war started!
AFTER the war had become, AFTER the war had become, alliances alliances led countries to take sides. led countries to take sides. There were the There were the Central PowersCentral Powers and the and the Allied PowersAllied Powers
The 2 sides of the war:The 2 sides of the war:
Central Powers:Central Powers: Germany and Germany and Austria-Hungary (They were called Austria-Hungary (They were called this because they are located in the this because they are located in the centercenter of Europe) of Europe)
Allied PowersAllied Powers: Great Britain, : Great Britain, Russia, France, SerbiaRussia, France, Serbia
C. The “big” warC. The “big” war
1. When one country in the alliance 1. When one country in the alliance is attacked, other countries in the is attacked, other countries in the alliance joined the war.alliance joined the war.
As other countries joined the war, the As other countries joined the war, the war became bigger and bigger!war became bigger and bigger!
Review!Review!
Answer the following questions: Answer the following questions: 1. What is 1. What is imperialism imperialism and how did it lead to competition and how did it lead to competition
between countries?between countries? 2. What is an 2. What is an arms race? arms race? Who was involved in the Who was involved in the arms racearms race
leading up to WWI and who started it?leading up to WWI and who started it? 3. How did 3. How did nationalism nationalism cause problems in the Balkans?cause problems in the Balkans? 4. What is an 4. What is an alliance? alliance? Why would countries want to be part of Why would countries want to be part of
an an alliancealliance?? 5. Which countries were part of the 5. Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance?Triple Alliance? 6. Which countries were part of the 6. Which countries were part of the Triple Entente?Triple Entente? 7. What was the final thing that happened to cause a declaration 7. What was the final thing that happened to cause a declaration
of war?of war? 8. Did people think the war would last a long time? Why 8. Did people think the war would last a long time? Why DID DID the the
war last a long time?war last a long time?
During the war!During the war!
Do Now: New weapons like poison Do Now: New weapons like poison gas and machine guns were invented gas and machine guns were invented soon before WWI. How do you think soon before WWI. How do you think these inventions changed the way these inventions changed the way battles were fought?battles were fought?
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution
The The Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution made made new weapons possible!new weapons possible!
New WeaponsNew Weapons
Sources taken from the American Library of Congress
More weaponsMore weapons
Tank WarfareTank Warfare
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg
Machine GunMachine Gun
http://www.diggerhistory.info/images/weapons-ww1-allied/vickers.jpg
AirplanesAirplanes
http://imagecache5.art.com/p/LRG/8/820/4Y1Y000Z/world-war-i-aircraft.jpg
Germans used a new Germans used a new weapon:weapon:
Big Bertha:Big Bertha: Helped Germans to Helped Germans to
be able to blow up be able to blow up targets many miles targets many miles away. away.
Big BerthaBig Bertha
This is one of the main reasons why This is one of the main reasons why battles were fought in trenches. battles were fought in trenches. Soldiers needed protection from Soldiers needed protection from weapons like the German “weapons like the German “Big Big BerthaBertha” and ” and machine guns.machine guns.
The war gets even BIGGER!The war gets even BIGGER!
Germany (part of the Triple Alliance: Germany (part of the Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy) Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy) didn’t want France to help Russia didn’t want France to help Russia (Part of the Triple Entente: France, (Part of the Triple Entente: France, Russia and Great Britain).Russia and Great Britain).
Germany tries to stop FranceGermany tries to stop France
So, they marched So, they marched through Belgium (a through Belgium (a neutral country) to get neutral country) to get to France. Great to France. Great Britain got mad Britain got mad because Germany because Germany invaded a invaded a neutralneutral (didn’t take sides in the (didn’t take sides in the war and didn’t want to war and didn’t want to fight) country. So, fight) country. So, Great Britain declared Great Britain declared war on Germany.war on Germany.
No Quick VictoryNo Quick Victory
Germany now had to fight enemies Germany now had to fight enemies on both sides of their country. on both sides of their country.
East: RussiaEast: RussiaWest: France, Belgium and Great West: France, Belgium and Great
BritainBritain
Two-Front WarTwo-Front War
When a country’s army has to fight When a country’s army has to fight on both sides of the country. on both sides of the country.
Why do you think Why do you think two-front two-front war is war is bad?bad?
Weaker Armies!Weaker Armies!
Two-front warTwo-front war means a country has means a country has to spread their army all over the to spread their army all over the country. There are less country. There are less soldiers/supplies at one place than soldiers/supplies at one place than there could be if the fighting was there could be if the fighting was only on one only on one frontfront (side). (side).
What did Germany do?What did Germany do?
They tried to rush to defeat France They tried to rush to defeat France quickly with as many soldiers as quickly with as many soldiers as possible so they could win in France possible so they could win in France and THEN move all of their soldiers and THEN move all of their soldiers to the other to the other front: front: Russia.Russia.
ProblemProblem
The Russians moved too fast. The The Russians moved too fast. The Germans had to send many soldiers Germans had to send many soldiers from the from the Western FrontWestern Front to Russia to Russia (East).(East).
ProblemProblem
Because Germany lost soldiers on Because Germany lost soldiers on the the Western FrontWestern Front, they were much , they were much weaker in fighting against the weaker in fighting against the French.French.
Check for understanding!Check for understanding!
1. What are 2 new weapons that 1. What are 2 new weapons that were introduced during WWI?were introduced during WWI?
2. Why did the war get much bigger 2. Why did the war get much bigger for Germany?for Germany?
D. Western Front - D. Western Front - TrenchesTrenches
1. Because of new 1. Because of new weapons soldiers weapons soldiers needed to protect needed to protect themselvesthemselves
3. The Trenches were very 3. The Trenches were very complexcomplex
Soldiers would run across to the Soldiers would run across to the other trench during an attackother trench during an attack
Fighting in the Fighting in the trenchestrenches
Was difficult!Was difficult!10s of thousands of soldiers died.10s of thousands of soldiers died.
Soldiers can’t move!Soldiers can’t move!
Because it took a long time to build Because it took a long time to build trenches and because leaving the trenches and because leaving the trenches to fight was very trenches to fight was very dangerous, soldiers did not attack dangerous, soldiers did not attack the other side very quickly.the other side very quickly.
Let’s explore the trenches a bit Let’s explore the trenches a bit more!more!
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/multimedia_zone/virtual_tours/media/vr_trench/vr_trench_pop.shtml
http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/student/flash/hwhww1_treCD/student/flash/hwhww1_treCD/click_viewer.htmlclick_viewer.html
Life of a soldier in the Life of a soldier in the trenchestrenches
A Day in the Trenches: A Day in the Trenches: from:http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenchesfrom:http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches
Morning:Morning: It started 1 hour before dawn with It started 1 hour before dawn with
the morning "stand to" the men were the morning "stand to" the men were roused from sleep and sent to the roused from sleep and sent to the "fire step", with bayonets fixed to "fire step", with bayonets fixed to their rifles to be on guard for a dawn their rifles to be on guard for a dawn raid by the enemy. Many raids were raid by the enemy. Many raids were carried out at dawn by both sides carried out at dawn by both sides although it was common knowledge although it was common knowledge that the opposing armies were both that the opposing armies were both preparing to deal with them.preparing to deal with them.
A Day in the TrenchesA Day in the Trenches
http://www.army.mil/asianpacificsoldiers/Images/wwi.jpg
MorningMorning
As the first light of day approached As the first light of day approached machineguns, shells, and even machineguns, shells, and even handguns would be fired toward the handguns would be fired toward the enemy trenches. Some people said enemy trenches. Some people said that this was to test the weaponry. that this was to test the weaponry. Others said it was to relieve the Others said it was to relieve the tension, and others said it was to ward tension, and others said it was to ward off a dawn raid. Whatever the reason off a dawn raid. Whatever the reason the first hour of the soldier's day the first hour of the soldier's day became known, as "The morning hate."became known, as "The morning hate."
BattleBattle
http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/04_02/gallipoliL1904_468x289.jpg
Later in the dayLater in the day
Then it was time for breakfast, Then it was time for breakfast, unofficially breakfast time was a unofficially breakfast time was a time of truce between both sides, time of truce between both sides, both sides respected this truce both sides respected this truce for most of the time, but it was for most of the time, but it was broken now and again when a broken now and again when a senior officer heard about it and senior officer heard about it and put his foot down ordering the put his foot down ordering the men to open fire on enemy lines. men to open fire on enemy lines.
http://www.remnantnewspaper.com/images/Christmas_in_the_Trenches_0.jpg
Daily ChoresDaily Chores
http://www.fototime.com/A9EA689B4C4DE7C/orig.jpg
Daily ChoresDaily Chores
““each man would be given a specific each man would be given a specific chore. Daily chores included the chore. Daily chores included the refilling of sandbags, the repair of the refilling of sandbags, the repair of the duckboards on the floor of the trench duckboards on the floor of the trench and the draining of trenches, and the draining of trenches, repairing the trenches and preparing repairing the trenches and preparing the latrines”the latrines”
(http://hubpages.com/hub/(http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches)World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches)
Preparing “latrines”Preparing “latrines”
The rest of the day was kinda The rest of the day was kinda slow:slow:
During the rest of the day movement During the rest of the day movement was restricted in the trenches, snipers was restricted in the trenches, snipers and lookout posts from either side and lookout posts from either side constantly watched the front lines and constantly watched the front lines and shots would be fired at the first sign of shots would be fired at the first sign of movement. Soldiers used this time to movement. Soldiers used this time to catch up on some much needed sleep catch up on some much needed sleep write letters to their sweethearts and write letters to their sweethearts and home and some soldiers spent the home and some soldiers spent the time producing ornaments and useful time producing ornaments and useful items from used shell and bullet items from used shell and bullet casings, these items are very popular casings, these items are very popular these days and are sold as trench art.these days and are sold as trench art.
Trench ArtTrench Art
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_1NgBBDpSJ34/Rq1MwhlQiBI/AAAAAAAABrU/yQ6hu1LPiMI/s400/trench-heart.jpg
Ways to fight boredom in the Ways to fight boredom in the trenchestrenches
Write letters homeWrite letters homeWrite poetryWrite poetryMake artworkMake artwork
Later afternoonLater afternoon With dusk came the second "Stand to" of With dusk came the second "Stand to" of
the day. Soldiers would be sent to the the day. Soldiers would be sent to the fire step as darkness approached in fire step as darkness approached in preparation for surprise attacks. With preparation for surprise attacks. With the darkness of the night the trenches the darkness of the night the trenches came to life, men were sent to fetch vital came to life, men were sent to fetch vital food, water, and maintenance supplies food, water, and maintenance supplies whilst others were sent to the fire step whilst others were sent to the fire step for sentry duty. 2 hours was the limit for sentry duty. 2 hours was the limit for the soldiers on the fire step before for the soldiers on the fire step before they were replaced, in case the men fell they were replaced, in case the men fell asleep, if a man fell asleep at the fire asleep, if a man fell asleep at the fire step the punishment would be death by step the punishment would be death by firing squad.firing squad.
Borrrrrrrrrrrrred!Borrrrrrrrrrrrred!
http://www.historycomesalive.ca/canadians/images/soldier_4.jpg
Punishment for falling asleep:Punishment for falling asleep:
Death!Death!
Sentry DutySentry Duty
http://www.johndclare.net/images/WWI_Sentry.JPG
By cover of nightBy cover of night
Patrols into no-mans land would also Patrols into no-mans land would also be carried out under cover of be carried out under cover of darkness, to repair breaks in the darkness, to repair breaks in the barbed wire and some were sent out barbed wire and some were sent out as "Listening posts" hoping to over as "Listening posts" hoping to over hear information from the enemy. hear information from the enemy.
Sometimes enemy patrols would meet Sometimes enemy patrols would meet in No Man's Land. They were then in No Man's Land. They were then faced with the option of hurrying on faced with the option of hurrying on their separate ways or else engaging their separate ways or else engaging in hand to hand fighting. in hand to hand fighting. (http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_(http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches)1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches)
No Man’s LandNo Man’s Land
http://data2.collectionscanada.ca/ap/a/a001020.jpg
Why do you think it was Why do you think it was called:called:
No Man’s Land?No Man’s Land?
End of the dayEnd of the day They could not afford to use their handguns They could not afford to use their handguns
whilst patrolling in No Man's Land, for fear whilst patrolling in No Man's Land, for fear of the machine gun fire it would inevitably of the machine gun fire it would inevitably attract, deadly to all members of the patrol.attract, deadly to all members of the patrol.
The cover of darkness also allowed the The cover of darkness also allowed the frontline troops to be changed over, those frontline troops to be changed over, those who had completed their tour of duty would who had completed their tour of duty would be swapped over with fresh troops.be swapped over with fresh troops.
Then it was time to start the daily routine Then it was time to start the daily routine again with the morning "stand to"again with the morning "stand to"
http://hubpages.com/hub/http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_TrenchesWorld_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches
Many soldiers began to question Many soldiers began to question why they were fighting.why they were fighting.
One soldier said:One soldier said:““The dead lying on the fields seem to The dead lying on the fields seem to
ask, “Why has this been done to us? ask, “Why has this been done to us? Why have you done it, brothers? Why have you done it, brothers? What purpose has it served?”What purpose has it served?”
How did the soldiers REALLY How did the soldiers REALLY feel?feel?
Christmas Example:Christmas Example:During WWI the Germans had been During WWI the Germans had been
fighting the British and battle was fighting the British and battle was bloody! bloody!
BUT on Christmas day some BUT on Christmas day some Germans put up small Christmas Germans put up small Christmas trees outside their trenches.trees outside their trenches.
German ChristmasGerman Christmas
http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/truce.asp
Then…..Then…..
The Germans The Germans started singing started singing Christmas Carols:Christmas Carols:
And the British And the British joined in! They joined in! They made peace for made peace for just one night….just one night….
http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/truce.asp
They even exchanged gifts They even exchanged gifts like:like:
CakeCake NewspapersNewspapers CigarettesCigarettes
http://www.24-7pressrelease.com/attachments/031996/gluten-free-christmas-pudding.jpg
Played games!Played games!
Soccer!Soccer!
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_tNiSHIFGp1k/SU7CetH9kfI/AAAAAAAABHM/0Ncj73u3q_Y/s400/Christmas_Truce_5.jpg
If trench warfare was so bad why If trench warfare was so bad why did soldiers want to join the war?did soldiers want to join the war? Propaganda! Propaganda!
(Advertising)(Advertising) Be a GOOD person, Be a GOOD person,
join your country’s join your country’s army!army!
What does the Gorilla What does the Gorilla represent?represent?
What is this poster What is this poster supposed to make supposed to make British men want to British men want to do?do?
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/%27Destroy_this_mad_brute%27_WWI_propaganda_poster_(US_version).jpg
German War PropagandaGerman War Propaganda
Russian PropagandaRussian Propaganda
http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/images/pp_rus_06.jpg
Why would advertising make Why would advertising make people want to join the war?people want to join the war?
Does propaganda tell what war will Does propaganda tell what war will REALLY be like?REALLY be like?
Evaluate War PropagandaEvaluate War Propaganda
Take a look at the following War Take a look at the following War Propaganda and on a numbered Propaganda and on a numbered piece of paper write which of the piece of paper write which of the following purposes you think the following purposes you think the propaganda was made for: propaganda was made for:
Reasons for PropagandaReasons for Propaganda
1. To stop information that may help the 1. To stop information that may help the enemy from being published.enemy from being published.
2. To give regular people a government 2. To give regular people a government approved version of the war.approved version of the war.
3. To keep people at home feeling positive 3. To keep people at home feeling positive about the war abroad and encourage about the war abroad and encourage people to give money and time to the war people to give money and time to the war effort.effort.
4. To make the enemy seem like an evil 4. To make the enemy seem like an evil that needed to be fought.that needed to be fought.
5. To get more soldiers to join the army 5. To get more soldiers to join the army and navy.and navy.
1. 1.
2.2.
3.3.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Paul_Stahr_(1883_-_1953)_-_Be_Patriotic,_Sign_Your_Country%27s_Pledge_To_Save_The_Food_(WWI).jpg
4.4.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Silver_into_bullets.jpg
5.5.
http://mctheory09.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/carlesstalk.jpg
6.6.
ReviewReview
1. Make enemy look evil1. Make enemy look evil2. Get more men to join army2. Get more men to join army3. Get support from people at home 3. Get support from people at home
(donate canned food to troops)(donate canned food to troops)4. Support from people at home4. Support from people at home5. Don’t share information that could 5. Don’t share information that could
help the enemyhelp the enemy6. Government approved vision of 6. Government approved vision of
war. Christ is on our side!war. Christ is on our side!
Does War Propaganda still Does War Propaganda still exist?exist?
http://www.ironicsans.com/images/citizen1.jpg
Reflection QuestionsReflection Questions
Answer the following questions in your Answer the following questions in your notebook:notebook:
1. What is 1. What is propaganda?propaganda?2. Why do you think there were so 2. Why do you think there were so
many different types of war many different types of war propaganda?propaganda?
2. Do you need propaganda to win a 2. Do you need propaganda to win a war? Why or why not?war? Why or why not?
What about women in the What about women in the war?war?
What did they do?What did they do?
What did they do?What did they do?
http://www.antiquetrader.com/upload/contents/290/field_1751/homefront4%20QU%20June%2006.JPG
http://i2.iofferphoto.com/img/item/542/748/41/wwi_greatest_mother_nurse.jpg
What was life like for women What was life like for women back home?back home?
Watch Movie clip from section 3 and Watch Movie clip from section 3 and answer the questions about the answer the questions about the section.section.
Harry Patch ArticleHarry Patch Article
One WWI soldier recently died. After One WWI soldier recently died. After his experiences fighting in WWI, he his experiences fighting in WWI, he decided to dedicate his life to helping decided to dedicate his life to helping others to understand how pointless others to understand how pointless war is.war is.
The War SpreadsThe War Spreads
Because of Because of AlliancesAlliances, other , other countries joined the war on the side countries joined the war on the side of the of the Central PowersCentral Powers or or Allied Allied PowersPowers. .
New countries on the New countries on the Central Central PowersPowers
The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire
BulgariaBulgaria
New Countries fighting for the New Countries fighting for the Allies:Allies:
-Italy (used to be part of the -Italy (used to be part of the Triple Triple AllianceAlliance but they didn’t like Austria- but they didn’t like Austria-Hungary so they stopped supporting Hungary so they stopped supporting them)them)
-Japan-Japan
Total: 31 nations took part in WWI.Total: 31 nations took part in WWI.
Why would trench warfare….Why would trench warfare….
Make it difficult for one side to win?Make it difficult for one side to win?What is a What is a stalemate?stalemate?
5. Stalemate5. Stalemate
Definition: No winner in a contestDefinition: No winner in a contest
During WWI, neither side could win a During WWI, neither side could win a clear battle on the clear battle on the Western FrontWestern Front..
Trench warfareTrench warfare made it very made it very difficult for either side to win.difficult for either side to win.
Eastern FrontEastern Front
VERY VERY different from the different from the Western Western Front.Front.
Much more movement because they Much more movement because they didn’t use didn’t use trench warfare trench warfare on the on the Western FrontWestern Front..
Early Early AlliedAllied losses on the losses on the Eastern FrontEastern Front
1. Great Britain lost a battle against 1. Great Britain lost a battle against the Ottoman Empire in Gallipoli.the Ottoman Empire in Gallipoli.
AlliedAllied Victories! Victories!
In Southwest Asia, The British worked In Southwest Asia, The British worked with Arabs to defeat the Ottomans.with Arabs to defeat the Ottomans.
1917: Great Britain took over Jerusalem1917: Great Britain took over JerusalemPeople in British Colonies in Africa People in British Colonies in Africa
helped the British to win in parts of helped the British to win in parts of AfricaAfrica
Japanese soldiers fought and defeated Japanese soldiers fought and defeated Germans on islands in the Pacific Ocean.Germans on islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Make sure you know the Make sure you know the following:following:
ImperialismImperialism: Strong countries conquer weaker countries. Ex. Europe took over : Strong countries conquer weaker countries. Ex. Europe took over colonies (an area of land in one area controlled by a country far away. Britain had colonies (an area of land in one area controlled by a country far away. Britain had colonies in India)colonies in India)
NationalismNationalism: To love your country or culture: To love your country or culture Arms RaceArms Race: Competing to have the biggest military: Competing to have the biggest military Assassination of Archduke FerdinandAssassination of Archduke Ferdinand: The killing of the next king of Austria-: The killing of the next king of Austria-
Hungary (and important guy). IMPORTANT because it was the last thing to cause Hungary (and important guy). IMPORTANT because it was the last thing to cause WWI.WWI.
Alliance: Alliance: friendship or partnership between countriesfriendship or partnership between countries Triple Alliance: Triple Alliance: partnership between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italypartnership between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy Triple Entente: Triple Entente: partnership between Great Britain, France and Russiapartnership between Great Britain, France and Russia TrenchesTrenches: tunnels dug on the Western Front to protect soldiers: tunnels dug on the Western Front to protect soldiers Central Powers: Central Powers: Austria-Hungary and Germany (called “central” because they are Austria-Hungary and Germany (called “central” because they are
in the center of Europein the center of Europe Allied Powers: Allied Powers: Great Britain, Russia, France, Serbia and later Italy (After they Great Britain, Russia, France, Serbia and later Italy (After they
left the German side.left the German side. Submarine : Submarine : boat that goes underwater that was used by the Germansboat that goes underwater that was used by the Germans America neutral at first:America neutral at first: U.S.A. didn’t take sides at first because they wanted to U.S.A. didn’t take sides at first because they wanted to
trade with both sidestrade with both sides Armistice: PArmistice: Peace Agreementeace Agreement
E. Eastern Front-movementE. Eastern Front-movement
1. Opposite of the 1. Opposite of the Western FrontWestern Front
2. The Armies 2. The Armies moved hundreds of moved hundreds of miles in short miles in short periods of timeperiods of time
3. The Russian 3. The Russian army was badly army was badly suppliedsupplied
III. End of World War IIII. End of World War I
A. Neutral AmericaA. Neutral America
http://www.historycentral.com/WStage/WWINeutrality.jpg
Why Why neutralneutral??
1. America wanted to stay 1. America wanted to stay neutral neutral because it could trade with both because it could trade with both Central Powers Central Powers - Austria Hungary - Austria Hungary and Germany (called that because and Germany (called that because they were in central Europe)they were in central Europe)
AND America could trade with AND America could trade with Allied Allied PowersPowers too too –– Great Britain, Russia, Great Britain, Russia, France, Serbia and later Italy France, Serbia and later Italy
B. Submarine WarfareB. Submarine Warfare
1. German 1. German submarines submarines (boat (boat that goes that goes underwater) underwater) attacked American attacked American supply ships going supply ships going to England. This to England. This made Americans made Americans very mad.very mad.
C. America declares warC. America declares war
1. Because of the 1. Because of the German attacks, German attacks, America declared America declared war in April 1917,war in April 1917,
2. This was very 2. This was very helpful to the Allied helpful to the Allied forces because the forces because the American soldiers American soldiers were now, healthy, were now, healthy, and had very good and had very good supplies.supplies.
http://www.brickshelf.com/gallery/marakoeschtra/Castle/Castle-Characters/28_strongest_man_in_town.jpg
D. Russia SurrendersD. Russia Surrenders
1. Russia 1. Russia surrendered surrendered because of the because of the Russian Revolution. Russian Revolution. The government The government was taken over by was taken over by Communists.Communists.
http://www.casahistoria.net/images/Russian%20Surrender%20at%20Tannenberg.jpg
E. ArmisticeE. Armistice
1. The Germans 1. The Germans tried to attack one tried to attack one more time on the more time on the western front in the western front in the summer of 1918. summer of 1918. The attack failed.The attack failed.
2. On November 11, 2. On November 11, 1918, the German 1918, the German army surrendered to army surrendered to the Allied powers. the Allied powers. World War I was World War I was over.over.
http://laparisiennecentre.com/blog/nfblog/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/ArmisticeDay.gif
Why do you think America Why do you think America joining the war made it end joining the war made it end
faster?faster?American Soldiers entered the war American Soldiers entered the war
late so they were well rested.late so they were well rested.
America brought many supplies that America brought many supplies that the the AlliesAllies needed to help them needed to help them defeat the defeat the Central Powers.Central Powers.
How did the war finally end?How did the war finally end?
Germany was weak. America joined Germany was weak. America joined the war and did a lot of damage to the war and did a lot of damage to Germany and Russia had been Germany and Russia had been hurting them too.hurting them too.
Germany was out of supplies and Germany was out of supplies and had to give up. Nov 11, 1918had to give up. Nov 11, 1918
Quiz!Quiz!
1. How was fighting on the 1. How was fighting on the western western front front different from fighting on the different from fighting on the eastern fronteastern front??
2. Why was America 2. Why was America neutral neutral at first?at first?3. Why did America declare war on 3. Why did America declare war on
Germany?Germany?4. Why did Germany have to 4. Why did Germany have to
surrender the war?surrender the war?
How do we prevent future How do we prevent future wars?wars?
According to U.S. President Woodrow According to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson: Let’s all be friends! We’ll Wilson: Let’s all be friends! We’ll start a start a League of NationsLeague of Nations. .
Goal: Encourage friendship and Goal: Encourage friendship and peace between all countries in Europepeace between all countries in Europe
BUT excluded Germany! AND U.S BUT excluded Germany! AND U.S didn’t want to join either.didn’t want to join either.
Another plan for peace: Another plan for peace: Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson
Wilson also had an Wilson also had an idea for something idea for something called the called the Fourteen Points: Fourteen Points: plan for peace.plan for peace.
He thought of it He thought of it while fighting was while fighting was still going on in still going on in 1918. 1918.
Fourteen Points Fourteen Points
Some included:Some included: 1. reduce weapons 1. reduce weapons 2. All countries should have governments 2. All countries should have governments
like the U.S. (Democracy where people like the U.S. (Democracy where people vote for their own government)vote for their own government)
3. Germany should pay a FAIR amount for 3. Germany should pay a FAIR amount for war. Not too muchwar. Not too much
4. A 4. A League of Nations League of Nations should be should be started to prevent future wars.started to prevent future wars.
5. Countries shouldn’t be able to just 5. Countries shouldn’t be able to just TAKE land from other established TAKE land from other established countries (Imperialism)countries (Imperialism)
Problem with the PeaceProblem with the Peace Not everyone agreed Not everyone agreed
with them. In fact no with them. In fact no one else besides one else besides Wilson really liked Wilson really liked them all that much.them all that much.
The only one that was The only one that was really sort of liked was really sort of liked was the League of the League of Nations.Nations.
We’ll learn more We’ll learn more NEXT YEAR!NEXT YEAR!
http://www.japanfocus.org/data/3a.LeagueofNationsAssemblyin1932.jpg