WORLD WAR II

DROPPING OF THE ATOMIC BOMBTHE HOLOCAUST

Warm Up WWII 6-81. Explain D-Day:2. What is V-E day?

Dropping of the Atomic Bomb• The Manhattan Project– Scientists create the atomic bomb• Many of the scientists are European Jews who

escaped– The principal motivation for this project was the fear

that the Germans would develop the bomb first– Tested the bomb successfully in New Mexico in July

1945

• President Roosevelt dies, his Vice-President Truman takes over and orders the dropping of the bomb

• Reasons for dropping the bomb– “An Okinawa from one end of Japan to the other”– Save American lives – est. it would cost 1 million

killed soldiers– Save Japanese lives– Save time and money– People tired of the war

• The Allies issue a demand for Japan’s surrender on July 26 – Japan doesn’t respond

• Little Boy falls on Hiroshima– Aug. 6th, the Enola Gay drops the atomic bomb on the

city of Hiroshima• 80,000 die instantly, 35,000 injured• 2/3 of the buildings are destroyed• Over the years it is believed that up to 200,000

died– At ground zero• 7,000 degrees fahrenheit• Wind 980 m.p.h.

– The Japanese still do not surrender

Little boy

Little boy

• First atomic bomb ever to be used

• Used on the city of Hiroshima

• August 6,1945

• The energy released by the bomb was powerful enough to burn through clothing.

Fat Man

• codename for the atomic bomb that was detonated over Nagasaki, by the US on August 9,1945

Japan surrender• Japan finally surrenders August 12th with this declaration

• Moreover, the enemy now possesses a new and terrible weapon with the power to destroy many innocent lives and do incalculable damage. Should we continue to fight, not only would it result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization. Such being the case, how are We to save the millions of Our subjects, or to atone Ourselves before the hallowed spirits of Our Imperial Ancestors? This is the reason why We have ordered the acceptance of the provisions of the Joint Declaration of the Powers.

• We accept surrender aboard the USS Missouri

Memorial in Hiroshima

Atomic Bomb Victims

After the Bomb

Cathedral in Nagasaki (Now)

• Fat Man dropped on Nagasaki – August 9th – Between 40,000 to 75,000 die

• The Japanese agree to unconditional surrender on August 14th – August 15th is known as V-J Day = Victory Over Japan

Day– Huge number of casualties inflicted by just two

planes dropping only two bombs

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF4LQaWJRDg&feature=channel

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncq_Wye43TM&p=D7F1A06CE1780AD5

• http://www.metacafe.com/watch/959976/b29_hiroshima/

• http://www.nablopomo.com/video/997435:Video:154834

The Internment • Removal of Japanese from the American west

coast to internment camps– Fear of sabotage and spies– 110,000 interned, 2/3 are American born– They had to leave their homes and businesses, most

lose everything• Most of the camps are located in the desert– Harsh climate, surrounded by fences and guards– Crowded conditions, poor health care

WWII

• US government removed more than 100,000 people of Japanese heritage

• Most were US citizens

• Removed from their homes and taken to camps

WWII

• The government took their homes and their businesses and never returned them

• In 1988 government formally apologized and repaid each detainee 20,000 dollars

The Holocaust• Holocaust = the mass murder of the Jews by

Germany • Why were the Jews hated?– Hitler and many German people blamed the Jews for

Germany’s problems• The Jewish people were blamed for Germany’s

loss in World War I– Racial superiority of the German master race

• Hitler is obsessed – diverts the war effort to destroy the Jews– He is fighting two wars: one in Europe and one

against the Jews

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

• First isolate and dehumanize– Boycott of businesses, some violence, property and

rights taken away• Laws aimed at excluding Jews from mainstream

German life– Nuremberg Racial Laws (1935)• Created a separate legal status for German Jews• Took away their citizenship and many civil and

property rights– Night of Broken Glass (Nov. 1938)• Known as Kristallnacht – refers to anti-Jewish

riots across Germany and Austria• Jews were attacked and windows and store fronts

shattered

Crematoria at

Majdanek

Entrance to Auschwitz:

Work Makes You Free

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

• Thousands of Jewish buildings and businesses destroyed and about 100 Jews were killed

– Hitler issues the “Night and Fog” decree• Authorized the arrest of anyone endangering

German security• Those who were seized were to “vanish without a

trace into the night and fog”

• The Final Solution– Hitler and his advisors come up with the final

solution to the Jewish question = kill the Jews– First removed the Jews into ghettos = confined areas

within a city• Starved, disease spreads, thousands die

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Slave Labor at Buchenwald

Eli Wiesel

• Guards shot Jews trying to escape– From the ghettos Jews were sent to concentration

camps• Long, crowded train ride in cattle cars – many die

• Concentration Camps– At first special Nazi squads went from village to

village carrying out mass executions of Jews• These mobile killing units were too slow, so Hitler

established the concentration camps as a more efficient way of getting rid of the Jews

– The Jews arrive, families are separated, and then the selection process begins• Separated into strong and weak, slave labor or

“shower”

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Mass Graves at Bergen-Belsen

– Gas chambers killed thousands every day and furnaces were used to get rid of the dead bodies

– The ones who escaped the gas chambers worked as slave laborers and endured much hunger

– Some were subjected to cruel medical experiments• Victims– 6 million Jewish people perish in the Holocaust• 2 out of every 3 in Europe – there were 9 million

Jews in Europe when Hitler took power– Other groups at the concentration camps that the

Nazis viewed as inferior:• Gypsies, homosexuals, Slavs, Poles, people with

disabilities, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and other political enemies• Another 6 million from these groups died

Post War• Six years of fighting led to millions of lives lost, millions

more injured, horrific property damage, and economies were on the verge of collapse

• Peace treaty– The Allies wanted no territorial or financial gains, just

peace– Germany was divided into four occupation zones–The Soviet Union received 1/3, the French, British,

and U.S. divided up the rest–Berlin, which was in Soviet-held territory, was also

divided–Nuremberg trials – couple hundred Nazi officials

put on trial, some were executed

– Japan was also placed under Allied occupation for several years• Had to adopt a new constitution that forbid it to

wage wars• The United States and the Soviet Union emerge as world

powers and leaders– Britain won the war, but at great cost • Economy nearly destroyed, will begin to dismantle

their empire because they can no longer afford to keep it

– France makes a successful recovery, but will never again regain its status as a major world power

• Two months after the war in Europe ends, a new conflict called the Cold War begins, once again dividing Europe

Warm Up (WWII 9-10)

1. What 2 cities are the atomic bombs dropped?2. What are the names of the 2 bombs?3. Give 3 reasons why we drop atomic bombs:4. What is V-J day?5. What did the US do with Japanese Americans?

Band of Brothers Ep. 9 35-58

• Donald Duck• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=IBNXHeCCdRM&feature=related• Life in Nazi Germany• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8bCuNiJ-

NI&feature=related• Duck and Cover• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60

Youtube Band of Brothers

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhxRS6fPCbA&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJee1Ur09M0&feature=related