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www.ati.surrey.ac.uk
Nanotechnology at Surrey
Professor Jeremy Allam
Advanced Technology Institute
Department of Physics
University of Surrey, UK
www.ati.surrey.ac.uk
Nanotechnology at Surrey
Contents
• What is Nanotechnology?
• Nanotechnology research at Surrey
• Teaching Nanotechnology
• Organisation al tools
No Cuts Length Objects on that scale
0 21.0 cm Pencil
2 5.25 cm Toothpick
4 1.31 cm Diameter of a finger
6 3.28 mm Kernel of corn
8 820 m Gnat
10 205 m Tip of a needle , bee sting
12 51.2 m Diameter of a human hair
14 12.8 m Silt
16 3.2 m Red blood cell
18 801 nm Bacteria
20 200 nm Resolution of optical microscope
22 50.0 nm Virus, Intel’s smallest transistor
24 12.5 nm Thickness of a cell wall
26 3.13 nm Cluster of atoms, a nanoparticle
28 7.82 Å Eight hydrogen atoms lined up
Picturing the nanoscale
Not just about miniaturisation…
What is nanotechnology
?
Not just about miniaturisation…
• Emergent phenomena• Convergence• Self-assembly• Self-replication• Bio-nanotechnology
What is nanotechnology
?
Not just about miniaturisation…
• Emergent phenomenaAs the size of a crystal shrinks towards the size of molecules and
atoms, its electrons start to follow the laws of quantum mechanics
rather than classical mechanics, and behave more like waves than
like particles. The electrical and optical properties can be
dramatically changed just by changing the size.
• Convergence• Self-assembly• Self-replication• Bio-nanotechnology
What is nanotechnology
?
Not just about miniaturisation…
• Emergent phenomena• Convergence
Progress in nanotechnology is dependent on understanding ideas
from physics, engineering, chemistry and biology: it is a multi-
disciplinary or convergent topic. This has implications for how we
teach science and how we structure research.
• Self-assembly• Self-replication• Bio-nanotechnology
What is nanotechnology
?
Not just about miniaturisation…
• Emergent phenomena• Convergence• Self-assembly
Although most miniature devices are made by making small patterns
on large objects (“top down”), it may be possible to get better control
by assembling individual atoms or molecules into larger clusters
(“bottom up”). Self-limiting chemical or biological synthesis can be
used.
• Self-replication• Bio-nanotechnology
What is nanotechnology
?
Not just about miniaturisation…
• Emergent phenomena• Convergence: • Self-assembly• Self-replication
borrowing ideas from biology, we can imagine machines which
reproduce themselves. This has given rise to some newspaper
stories about nanorobots taking over the world. Is this science fact or
science fiction?
• Bio-nanotechnology
What is nanotechnology
?
Not just about miniaturisation…
• Emergent phenomena• Convergence• Self-assembly• Self-replication• Bio-nanotechnology
by making structures which are the same size as the components of
cells, we can start to manipulate biological processes, or make
sensors which are sensitive to a single molecule. Or, we can exploit
Nature’s nanotechnology, using DNA to assemble scaffolds or to
make biomolecular motors.
What is nanotechnology
?
www.ati.surrey.ac.uk
Cultivating Nanotechnology at Surrey
• Critical-mass multi-disciplinary research institutes• Advanced Technology Institute
• Surrey Materials Institute
• Materials and Nanoscience theme within Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
• Funding for strategic infrastructure• Joint Infrastructure Fund (JIF) from HEFCE
• University of Surrey Foundation Fund
• Science Research Investment Fund (SRIF)
• Partnerships• South-East Physics Network (SEPNET)
• Surrey-NPL Partnership (National Physical Laboratory)
• Co-operative Exploitation• SETsquared
www.ati.surrey.ac.uk
End-to-end Nanotechnology• Materials• Devices• Applications
– Functional materials – Electronics and photonics– Energy– Sensing – Medicine
• Exploitation and Spin outs • Environment and Society
– Toxicology– Ethics– Corporate Responsibility
‘Nanotechnology: risk, ethics and law’ Prof. Geoff Hunt
www.ati.surrey.ac.uk
Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility in
Nanotechnology Industries
The project aims to provide a deeper understanding of the current and prospective role of governance models and of CSR in the nanotechnology industries and and subsequently communicate the findings to the relevant stakeholders.
What are the company drivers towards technology development and use in this sector? What are the drivers towards the application of CSR? What are the relevant legislation at UK, European Community and international levels?
What is the dominant mode of CSR and of governance in this industry, and how closely does it match modes in other industries?
To what extent and how are global principles, such as Duty of Care, Precautionary and Polluter Pays Principle recognised in the deliberation processes and the innovation drives?
Which, if any, pre-product screening methodologies are currently (or can be) applied, notably eco-toxicology, Life-cycle assessment, risk assessment, regulatory compliance assessment etc? What is their scope and remit?
What are the strategic drivers for industry to pursue and implement such technology drives? (Technology-push, Market-pull?
How effective is the de facto governance process to “future proof” technology and to identify long-term risk? How is uncertainty being assessed and managed, if any, in the strategic product design and manufacturing choices involving nanotechnology?
Centre for Environmental Strategy + Faculty of Health and Medical Science + Faculty of Law
www.ati.surrey.ac.uk
Teaching Nanotechnology at Surrey
• Undergraduate Degrees• Modules in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics…
• Masters Degrees• MSc in Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronic Devices
• Doctoral Degrees• PhD in Nanotechnology
• Engineering Doctorate (EngD) in Micro- and NanoMaterials and Technologies
• Continuing Education
Designed to provide a fundamental understanding and practical experience of developing nanotechnology and nanoelectronic devices during a 1 year full-time programme comprising:
• Introduction to Nanotechnology• Nanosilicon and Devices• Advanced Experimental Methods• Nanoelectronics and Devices• Nanophotonics• Frontiers of Nanotechnology• Advanced Research Project
MSc Nanotechnology
and Nanoelectronic Devices
Programme Directors: Dr David Carey and Dr Richard Curry
www.ati.surrey.ac.uk
Nanotechnology Outreach
• Exhibits for the Science Museum, London
• Schools talks and residential workshops
• Set-up “Nanotechnology Task Force” to inform government decisions on Nanotechnology
• Membership (Prof Roland Clift) of the Royal Society Working Group to examine the risk and regulatory issues raised by nanotechnology
Welcome to the
University of Surrey
Understanding the Real World
A world-class research base …2002 Queen’s Anniversary Prize
for R&D in ion beams & optoelectronics
… pursuing innovation and enterprise.over 20 satellites launched by Surrey Space Centre
“the rising star of higher education” (Times Higher Education Supplement)
The University of Surrey
The University of Surrey
Vocational degrees with professional training…
“the University for Jobs” (Sunday Times)
…and a thriving postgraduate community
UniS awards 2nd largest number of higher qualifications in UK
A truly international university…students and staff from 140 nations
…supporting the local economythriving research park with over
110 companies and 2500 employees
The University of Surrey