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INLA/AIDNNuclear Inter Jura 2014
Buenos Aires – 20-23 October
Mark TetleyPrice Forbes & Partners Ltd
Nuclear insurance: yesterday, today, tomorrow
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Nuclear insurance: yesterday, today, tomorrow
I. History of nuclear insurance
II. Current topical matters
III. Future improvements
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What is insurance?
Risk management options
Retain ControlAvoid Transfer
OthersInsurance
A financial safeguard against the economic consequences
of loss events
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A history of nuclear insurance I• Nuclear electricity production caused
difficulties for insurers in the 1950s:Unknown risk.Low frequency for nuclear events.Few insured installations.Unknown, widespread loss accumulation potential. High severity (catastrophe) potential.
“..circumstances may arise which can result in loss of control over an atomic reaction….” 1957 insurers’ report into risks posed by nuclear industry.
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A history of nuclear insurance II• Result: nuclear exclusion clause in insurance policies,
to channel liabilities.• First formation of nuclear insurance pools &
development of nuclear liability legislation:– 1954: US - Energy Act (sect.170 1957 Price-
Anderson Act)– 1959: UK - Nuclear Installations (Licensing &
Insurance) Act– 1959: Germany - Atomic Energy Act
• Note that these & others were introduced prior to the 2 major nuclear liability Conventions.
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Liability & property insurances
Onsite – assets & cash flowProperty insurance
Offsite – legal obligationsLiability insurance
Fukushima Daiichi, Japan
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Nuclear Insurance Pools• Nuclear Insurance pools are open to all insurers:
– Enables participation regardless of insurer’s size– Access to whole market’s knowledge, innovation &
experience– Provides sufficiently resourced claims settlement entity
• Acceptances on net retention basis:– Ensures concentration of nuclear risks in pool
• Reciprocal exchange with other pools:– Enables easy access to full global insurance capacity– Facilitates rapid & easy interchange of information
• Risk transfer - true distress funding
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Mutuals & captives• Mutuals:
– Nuclear industry owned insurance entity– Homogeneity of treatment of members– Reliance on reinsurance– Same capital as nuclear industry
• Captives:– Utility owned insurer– Same capital as parent
• Risk retention - better suited for smaller losses rather than catastrophe losses?
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Nuclear insurance: yesterday, today, tomorrow
I. History of nuclear insurance
II. Current topical matters
III. Future improvements
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Nuclear liability£140m
Nuclear liability£950m£140m
Now New build - 2020
NPP asset valueinsurance£1.4bn
NPP new buildasset valueinsurance
£12-16bn?£1.5bn
£12 – 17bn
Capacity
+ c. 1,000%
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New PC requirement: c.$1.5bn minimum
Newheads
of damage 30 years
TIME
Today:10 years
SCOPE OF COVER >>> now + environmental
c.$1.5bn
AMOUNTOF
COVER
$0m
CoverageExtended time to make claim - 30 yrs
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Erosion of strict liability
• Suppliers not generally liable, but recourse ‘if…so provided expressly by contract’ (PC Art6 (f))
• Indian NTPL legislation: S.17.• Result:
– Some contractors are being asked to take on limited liability risk.
– More difficult risk exposure accumulation for insurers.
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New build exposure
Hinkley C: new build
Hinkley B: operational
Hinkley A: decommissioning
Hinkley Point NPP, UK
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Risk management
• Ageing & maintenance: need for investment.• Greater use of contractors: safety culture
compromised?• PLEX & decomm activities: material ‘change of
risk’?• Increase focus on HP assessment & best practice.• New build: skills shortages & brains vs. experience.• However: nuclear still one of the best risks.
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Nuclear insurance: yesterday, today, tomorrow
I. History of nuclear insurance
II. Current topical matters
III. Future improvements
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Legal harmonisation
• Of c.440 reactors globally, > 230 remain outside of the Conventions.
• Revised Conventions’ greater reference to national ‘competent courts’ & wider geographical scope may lead to greater disharmony.
• Other reviews: e.g. EC - a complication or positive development?
• Is CSC a step towards a harmonised global system?
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New markets & higher limitsNuclear Cat Cover
Obligatory liability cover
e.g. $10-15bn cover
exceeding $2.5-5bn
Effect on consumers:appr. 0.1 to 0.2 cents
per Kw/h
Operator financial security(similar to USA)
Full Convention cover (Current insurance
arrangements)
• Insurers can provide much more compensation: e.g. 2005 Hurricane Katrina $72bn. This would relieve taxpayers & public.
• Trigger would be ‘catastrophic’ nuclear loss only e.g. trigger of high radiation readings.
• Cover provided by a mixture of markets; it would not be Convention compliant cover.
• Greater risk transfer to safeguard operator’s position.
• More internalisation = better image?
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Claims & accident management
• Need to have full system in place before anything happens.
• Easy, practical operation for public using all media channels.
• Opportunity: ‘shop window’ for nuclear industry & nuclear insurance market.
• Damage rectification: safe vs. desirable.
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PRICE FORBES & PARTNERS LIMITED2 Minster Court
Mincing LaneLondon
EC3R 7PDUnited Kingdom
T: +44 (0)20 7204 8400E: [email protected]
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Prepared by Price Forbes & Partners Limited2 Minster Court, Mincing Lane, London EC3R 7PD
© Copyright Price Forbes & Partners Limited 2014Registered in England number 5734247. Registered office as above
Price Forbes & Partners Ltd is a Lloyd’s broker and is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority
The information contained herein is of a general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of any particular individual or entity. There
can be no guarantee that information herein is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will continue to be accurate in the future. No one should
act on such information without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of the particular situation
Questions?