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www.thw.de Technical Search Technical Search SEEBA 28.02.2012
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www.thw.de
Technical Search
Technical Search SEEBA
28.02.2012
www.thw.de
Introduction
Bertram Bähr
-1977 THW (Expert Advisor)
-1986 Urban Search and Rescue Team(Management, LO, Chief of Search and Rescue)
- IT-Expert
www.thw.de
Contents
- 5 Stages of Rescue
- Principles of Technical Search
- Search Equipment
- Acustic Device
- Visual Device
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Position Technical Search USAR-Team (Medium)
Teamleader (TL)
Chief of Staff (CoS) Chief of Operations (CoO)
STAFF
LO / Pers.
Admin Pers.
Information
Admin Info.
LO / Operations
Media
ICT
Logistics
Log. Officer
Camp Manager
Log Technician
Log Technician
Log Technician
Medical
Senior Medical
Medical
SSO / Hazmat
SSO / Hazmat
Paramedic
Paramedic
Maintenance
SL Search
Search Techn.
Search Techn.
Dog Handler
Dog Handler
Dog Handler
SL Rescue
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
SL Rescue
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Rescue Techn.
Chief Search and Rescue
Five Stages of RescueStage one Reconnaissance and survey
Gathering Information. Remove all surface casualties as quickly and safely as possible
Stage two Primary surface search and rescue
Prioritise the rescue sites, based on the inital search results Stage three Exploration of Voids and Spaces
all voids and non-accesable spaces idendified in the previous stages must be search and explored for live victims
Stage four Access by Selected Debris Removal
enter and work in confined spaces Stage five Terminate by General Debris Removal
General debris remove is usually conducted after all known victims have been removed
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Search Technics
- Physical Search
- Technical Search
- Canine Search
Physical Search Methods
Line and Hail The searcher form a line approimately 2,5 meters
The search leader will usually be in the center of the line
The search leader calls for silence (one long blast)
The search leader then calls, „Search and Rescue. Can anybody hear me“
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Physical Search Methods
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• Hailing and Hearing• How to proceed:
– To disperse the group around the damage side– shout: „Search and rescue, can anybody hear me“– Wait and hear for answer
Physical searching
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Hailing and Hearing
„Search and Rescue, can anybody hear me“
– Is there no answer, try to call
„Search and Rescue, answer with knocking“
Acustical Search Methods
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• The main tool for the location of a victim is an acoustic device that is able to detect acustic noises
• The output of the system is either sound or an optical display
K opfhö re r
A us
Spürge rä t Z E B /H G - 6U
E in
E in
A us
S igna lgebe r
P ege lanze ige
Ve rs tä rkung
W ah lsch a lte r
H ochpaß Tie fpaß
E in
A us
1 - 61
2
34
5 6LF
M S
F ilte r
100
75
50
0
25
12
3 45
67
8
14
20
26
32 120
2 ,6K
2 ,6K
100
60
40 32
Löschen
(D rücken )
1
2
3
4
5
6
Acustical Search Methods
www.thw.de
• The location of the victims is always close to the loudest feedback at one of the several sensors.
K opfhö re r
A us
Spü rge rät Z E B /H G - 6U
E in
E in
A us
S igna lgeber
P egelanze ige
Ve rs tä rkung
W ah lscha lter
H ochpaß Tie fpaß
E in
A us
1 - 61
2
34
5 6LF
M S
F ilte r
100
75
50
0
25
12
3 45
6
7
8
14
20
26
32 120
2 ,6K
2 ,6K
100
60
40 32
Löschen
(D rücken )
1
2
6
Anzeige
K lopfgeräusche derverschütteten Person
Akustisches O rtungsgerät
Acustic analysis
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• Sound propagation– Air (e.g. Shouting)– e.g. sediment load (concrete)
• Acustical survey– via Microphone – airborne sound– via Geophone – impact sond– Transformation into electrical signals and amplification
Acustical Search Methods
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• Analysis
– Acoustic - headphone
– Optical - display
REQUIREMENTThe victim must be able to attract attention to oneself
Acustical Search Methods
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• Approach- Disperse the geophones on the debris- BE QUITE!- Try to get in contact / get a feedback/ a reaction of/ with
thevictim (e.g. knock on the concrete)- Permanet control of the headphones – all together- Afterwords, checking every single geophone- Maybe, if ist necessary, relocate the system to monitor a
different part of the debris- If the situation and the acoustical feedback is vague, repeat
the tech search by using the low frequency sensor- If possible, try to get in contact via microphone
ALWAYSGive a feedback of the results (positive or negativ) to your command
Acustical Search Methods
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• Direct search via microphone
- Figure out a good possibility to place the microphone (e.g. big void, etc.)
- Try to get in contact- Try to ask victim regarding other victims, position, etc. - Diameter of the microphone: 32mm
Display the sensors
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a. circular
Display the sensors
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b. semi circle
Display the sensors
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c. crosswise
Display the sensors
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d. parallel
General Area Marking
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General Area Marking
Adress or physical location Mapping coordinates or GPS Landmark or code name, (e.g. Sugar factory building) Time (local time orUTC + x Hours) Name, Function, Team
Structure identification exterior identification
Street Adress Side shall be defined as 1
Other sides of the structure shall be assigned numerically in a clockwise manner from 1
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Structure idendification interior identification
Multi-storey structures must have each floor clearly identified
The grade floor would be designed the Ground Floor, 1. OG = Floor 1 usw.
First floor below grade level would be Basement
Cordon MarkingsCordon markings are used to identify operational work zones as well as hazardous areas in order to restrict access and warn of danger
operational working zone
hazard zone
Structural Marking inside the box:
Go = Go if deemed safe to enter
noGo = No Go if it is deemed unsafe to enter
Team Idendification
Date and time of start
Date and time of finish
Outside the box:
Hazard Information (top)
Missing persons (bottom)
Live victim rescued (left)
Dead victim extricated (right)
Additinional Information:
Completed work, circle around
Confirmed no victims, horizontal line
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Signals
1. Effective emergency signalling is essential for safe operation at a disaster side.
2. All USAR team member should be briefed regarding emergency signals.
3. Emergency signals should be universal for all USAR Teams
4. Signal must be clear and concise
5. Team memebers are required to immediately to all emergency signals.
6. Air horns or other appropriate hailing devices should be used to sound the appropriate signals as
follows:
Evacuate = 3 short signals, 1 second each – repeatedly until side is cleared Cease Operation Quiet =
1 long signal, 3 seconds long Resume Operations = 1 long signal + 1 short signal
