Cocoa GUI

Foundation AppKit

GUI

Foundation AppKit

5.1 Run Loop

Cocoa run loop Run

loop

Cocoa

5.3

run loop NSDistributeNotifi cationCenter

Objective-C

116 5

Cocoa run loop

Cocoa Cocoa

run loop

NSTimer

AppKit

run loop UNIX talk

� LineBuffer NSFileHandle

� Sender

� Receiver

Run loop

LineBuffer 5.1

101~104 NSNotifi cationCenter nil

105

-readData:

110~114

1175.1 Run Loop

5.1 examples/Notifi cations/distributedNotify.m

88 @interface LineBuffer : NSObject {89 NSMutableString *buffer;90 }91 - (id) initWithFile: (NSFileHandle*)aFileHandle;92 @end93 @implementation LineBuffer94 - (id) initWithFile: (NSFileHandle*)aFileHandle95 {96 if (nil == (self = [self init]))97 {98 return nil;99 }

100 buffer = [[NSMutableString alloc] init];101 NSNotificationCenter *center =102 [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter];103 [center addObserver: self104 selector: @selector(readData:)105 name: NSFileHandleDataAvailableNotification106 object: aFileHandle];107 [aFileHandle waitForDataInBackgroundAndNotify];108 return self;109 }110 - (void) readData: (NSNotification*)aNotification111 {112 NSFileHandle *handle = [aNotification object];113 NSData *data = [handle availableData];114 NSString *str =115 [[NSString alloc] initWithData: data116 encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];117 [buffer appendString: str];118 [str release];119 NSArray *lines =120 [buffer componentsSeparatedByString: @"\n"];121 NSNotificationCenter *center =122 [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter];123 // The last object in the array will be the newline string124 // if a new line is found, or the unterminated line125 for (unsigned int i=0 ; i

118 5

139 NSNotificationCenter *center =140 [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter];141 [center removeObserver: self];142 [buffer release];143 [super dealloc];144 }

NSString componentsSeparatedByString:

@""

1

Sender 5.2 57~60

5.2 examples/Notifi cations/distributed

Notify.m

42 @end4344 @interface Sender : NSObject {45 NSString *name;46 }47 - (id) initWithName: (NSString*)aName;48 @end49 @implementation Sender50 - (id) initWithName: (NSString*)aName51 {52 if (nil == (self = [self init]))53 {54 return nil;55 }56 name = [aName retain];57 NSNotificationCenter *center =58 [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter];59 [center addObserver: self60 selector: @selector(sendMessage:)61 name: LineInputNotification62 object: nil];63 return self;

1 NSFileHandle

1195.1 Run Loop

64 }65 - (void) sendMessage: (NSNotification*)aNotificaton66 {67 NSNotificationCenter *center =68 [NSDistributedNotificationCenter defaultCenter];69 NSString *line =70 [[aNotificaton userInfo] objectForKey: @"Line"];71 NSDictionary *message =72 [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject: line73 forKey: @"message"];74 [center postNotificationName: ChatMessageNotification75 object: name76 userInfo: message];77 }78 - (void) dealloc79 {80 NSNotificationCenter *center =81 [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter];82 [center removeObserver: self];83 [name release];84 [super dealloc];85 }86 @end

75

Receiver 5.3

C

printf() Objective-C C C++

C Objective-C

C C

5.4

main()

NSUserDefaults

-name

"anon"

120 5

5.3 examples/Notifi cations/distributed Notify.m

9 @interface Receiver : NSObject {}10 - (void) receiveNotification: (NSNotification*)aNotification;11 @end1213 @implementation Receiver14 - (id) init15 {16 if (nil == (self = [super init]))17 {18 return nil;19 }20 // register to receive notifications21 NSNotificationCenter *center =22 [NSDistributedNotificationCenter defaultCenter];23 [center addObserver: self24 selector: @selector(receiveNotification:)25 name: ChatMessageNotification26 object: nil];27 return self;28 }29 - (void) receiveNotification: (NSNotification*)aNotification30 {31 printf("%s: %s\n",32 [[aNotification object] UTF8String],33 [[[aNotification userInfo] objectForKey: @"message"] UTF8String]);34 }35 - (void) dealloc36 {37 NSNotificationCenter *center =38 [NSDistributedNotificationCenter defaultCenter];39 [center removeObserver: self];40 [super dealloc];

5.4 main() examples/Notifi cations/distributed Notify.m

147 int main(void)148 {149 [NSAutoreleasePool new];150 // Set up the receiver151 Receiver *receiver = [Receiver new];152 NSString *name =153 [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]154 stringForKey: @"name"];155 if (nil == name)156 {157 name = @"anon";158 }159 [[Sender alloc] initWithName: name];160 [[LineBuffer alloc] initWithFile:

1215.1 Run Loop

161 [NSFileHandle fileHandleWithStandardInput]];162 [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];163 return 0;164 }

162

-run

149

NSRunLoop run-loop

run loop autorelease

run

loop

$ gcc -framework Foundation -std=c99 distributedNotify.m$ ./a.out -name DavidThomas: HelloHiDavid: HiHow are you?David: How are you?Thomas: Fine thanks.

$ ./a.out -name ThomasHelloThomas: HelloDavid: HiDavid: How are you?Fine thanks.Thomas: Fine thanks.

Run loop

122 5

5.2

C main() Cocoa

Objective-C

Cocoa Xcode

return NSApplicationMain(argc, argv);

OpenStep

void NSApplicationMain(int argc, char *argv[]){

[NSApplication sharedApplication];[NSBundle loadNibNamed: @"myMain" owner: NSApp];[NSApp run];

}

nib

bundle

NSApplication

NSApp

Nib owner nib

nib nib

-run

NSRunLoop

NSApp

responder chain

NSApplication -setDelegate:

nib

- (void)applicationWillFinishLaunching: (NSNotification*)aNotification;- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching: (NSNotification*)aNotification;

1235.3

Cocoa should will did

should will did

should

-applicationWillFinishLaunching: run loop

-applicationDidFinishLaunching:

-run NSApp

licationDidFinishLaunchingNotifi cation

-applicationDidHide:

Foundation AppKit AppKit

NSApplication

Cocoa introspection

NSApplication

-respondsToSelector: YES

-setDelegate:

5.3

Cocoa NSNotifi cation

NSEvent

AppKit

124 5

Objective-C

NSEvent

target action message

5.3.1

-sendEvent:

NSApplication

NSEvent Cocoa

OS X 10.6 Apple

NSEvent -addLocalMonitorForEventsMatchingMask:handler:

NSApplication -sendEvent:

NSWindow

fi rst reponder

5.1 Interface Builder nib

First Responder action

target target/action

5.2

text view

Interface Builder outline view 5.3

1255.3

bordered scroll view

split view

NSDocument NSDcoumentController

5.1 nib

5.2

126 5

5.3 5.2

NSApplication NSWindow -sendEvent:

- (void)sendEvent:(NSEvent *)event{

if ([event type] == NSKeyDown){

// Intercept eventsreturn;

}[super sendEvent: event];

}

Keynote

1275.3

5.3.2

- target-action

sender Interface Builder

Cocoa

#define IBAction void

- (IBAction)doSomething: (id)sender;

IBAction void

Interface Builder

NSResponder

doSomething:

NSApplications -sendAction:to:from

key window

main window

-respondsToSelector:

NSApp

-targetForAction:

NSApp

nil

128 5

5.3.3

NSView -accetsFirstResponder YES

-becomeFirstResponder

YES

-resignFirstResponder NO

NSWindow -makeFirstResponder:

5.4 Run Loop

run loop NSRunLoop

Foundation run loop

Web AppKit

Foundation run-loop run-loop

NeXTSTEP Mach run loop Mach

Mach

Mach

I/O

TCP IP

1295.4 Run Loop

Mach 10

Mach

4BSD Mach

OS X NeXTSTEP NeXTSTEP Mach

IPC Mach

BSD

run-loop Mach

OpenStep

NSPort

window server

NSPort

Mach

run loop

- (void)addPort: (NSPort*)aPort forMode: (NSString*)mode;- (void)removePort: (NSPort*)aPort forMode: (NSString*)mode;

run

loop Foundation NSDefaultRunLoopMode

NSConnectionReplyMode

run loop

AppKit Foundation Foundation

run-loop

AppKit

NSModalPanelRunLoopMode NSEventTrackingRunLoopMode

NSApp run loop

5.4 Cocoa

130 5

Mach 1

run loop NSEvent NSApp -sendEvent:

NSPortWindow Server NSApplication

NSWindowNSView

(First responder)NSView

(superview)

Mach Message NSPortMessage

NSRunLoop

NSEvent

NSEvent

NSEvent

Controller

NSEventNSNotification

5.4 Cocao

NSResponder

Objective-C

Cocoa run loop NSAlert

run loop

alert -runModal

alert

- (void)beginSheetModalForWindow: (NSWindow*)windowmodalDelegate: (id)modalDelegate

didEndSelector: (SEL)alertDidEndSelectorcontextInfo: (void*)contextInfo

-

1 IPC

1315.5

alert

contextInfo

NSOpenPanel

Hack

NSTimer

run-loop run loop

run loop

+ (NSTimer*)scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval: (NSTimeInterval)secondstarget: (id)target

selector: (SEL)aSelectoruserInfo: (id)userInforepeats: (BOOL)repeats;

repeats YES

NSTimeInterval

double

Cocoa

NSTimer -userInfo

5.5

Cocoa -setDelegate:

Interface Builder Interface Builder

Control 5.5

project window

132 5

5.5 Interface Builder

outlet

5.6 delegate

5.6 Interface Builder

NSControl Cocoa

- (BOOL)control: (NSControl*)controltextShouldBeginEditing: (NSText*)fieldEditor;- (void)controlTextDidBeginEditing: (NSNotification*)aNotification;

void

NSControlTextDidBeginEditingNotifi cation

1335.5

GUI Cocoa

cell

cell

NSTableView

NSTableDataSource

- (NSInteger)numberOfRowsInTableView: (NSTableView*)aTableView;- (id)tableView: (NSTableView*)aTableViewobjectValueForTableColumn: (NSTableColumn*)aTableColumn

row: (NSInteger)rowIndex;

- (void)tableView: (NSTableView*)aTableViewsetObjectValue: (id)anObjectforTableColumn: (NSTableColumn*)aTableColumn

row: (NSInteger)rowIndex;

NSComboBox

auto-completion

134 5

11

5.6

5.6.1

CPU

Cocoa NSScreen

OS X

CPU GPU

Cocoa NSWindows

NSView

Cocoa

AppKit NSWindow NSPanel

Cocoa

1355.6

NSWindow

-hidesOnDeactive

NO YES

OS X

NSWindowController

nib

NSWindowController -initWithWindowNibName:

nib owner

nib File's owner

5.6.2

Cocoa NSView Objective-C

NSResponder

NSResponder NSView

-drawRect: NSRect

(0, 0)

-drawRect:

Cocoa

Mac

� NSButton� NSImageView� NSTextField NSTextView� NSMovieView QuickTime

136 5

� NSOpenGLView OpenGL OpenGL API

Cocoa

Interface Builder

Interface Builder palette

NSButton

5.6.3

100

10.5 32 NSView 80

64 152 16KB

100 100 1.5MB

NSView

NSCell

Leopard NSCell 20 32 32 64

100 100 1MB

Cocoa PostScript Cocoa

PostScript 72 PostScript OS X

72dpi

150dpi

-setObjectValue: -drawWithFrame:inView:

NSControl

1375.7

Cocoa

NSButton NSControl

NSButtonCell NSMatrix

NSCell NSControl

UI

5.7

AppKit Cocoa

AppKit Foundation

Cocoa