ynu xii

prateek bhatt samant

1• His idea to offer excursions came to him while waiting for the stagecoach

on the London Road at Kibworth. With the opening of the extended Midland Counties Railway, he arranged to take a group of 570 temperance campaigners from Leicester Campbell Street station to a rally in Loughborough, eleven miles away. On 5 July 1841, he arranged for the rail company to charge one shilling per person that included rail tickets and food for this train journey. He was paid a share of the fares actually charged to the passengers, as the railway tickets, being legal contracts between company and passenger, could not have been issued at his own price. This was the first privately chartered excursion train to be advertised to the general public; himself acknowledging that there had been previous, unadvertised, private excursion trains. During the following three summers he planned and conducted outings for temperance societies and Sunday-school children. In 1844 the Midland Counties Railway Company agreed to make a permanent arrangement with him provided he found the passengers. This success led him to start his own business running rail excursions for pleasure, taking a percentage of the railway tickets.

• Thomas Cook

2• Many people have asked about the meaning of our

name. X was inspired by a poem written more than 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty. The poem compares the search for a retreating beauty amid chaotic glamour with the search for one's dream while confronted by life's many obstacles. '...hundreds and thousands of times, for her I searched in chaos, suddenly, I turned by chance, to where the lights were waning, and there she stood.' X, whose literal meaning is hundreds of times, represents persistent search for the ideal.

• Robin Li

• Baidu.com is a Chinese search engine for websites, audio files, and images.

• In April 2010, Baidu ranked 7th overall in Alexa's internet rankings.

• In December 2007, Baidu became the first Chinese company to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index.

3• In 1960, Tom Monaghan and his brother, James,

purchased Y, a small pizza store in Ypsilanti, Michigan. The deal was secured by a US$75 down payment and the brothers borrowed $500 to pay for the store. Eight months later, James traded his half of the business to Tom for a used Volkswagen Beetle. As sole owner of the company, Tom Monaghan renamed the business X, Inc. in 1965. In 1967, the first franchise store opened in Ypsilanti.

• The company logo was originally planned to add a new dot with the addition of every new store, but this idea quickly faded as it experienced rapid growth. By 1978, the franchise opened its 200th store

• Domino’s Pizza

4• After the Deadline— online proofreading tool• Akismet — anti-comment spam system capable of integration

with many blogging platforms and forums• bbPress — forum software• blo.gs — RSS feed aggregator• BuddyPress — social networking plugin suite• Ping-O-Matic — pinging service• GlotPress — collaborative translation tool• Gravatar — globally recognized avatars• IntenseDebate — commenting tools• PollDaddy — polls and survey tools

• Wordpress, Automattic

5• Y was started after Graham gave a talk at his alma

mater, Harvard (where he earned a PhD in Computer Science), which became, "How to Start a Startup". He suggested founders seek seed funding from "angel investors", preferably those who had made money in technology. He half-jokingly added "but not me", but, feeling guilty, he soon after organized Y to offer seed funding to startups.

• From its inception to 2008, one program was held in each of the US cities of Cambridge, Massachusetts and Mountain View, California.

• Y Combinator

6• We the Subscribers, Brokers for the Purchase

and Sale of the Public Stock, do hereby solemnly promise and pledge ourselves to each other, that we will not buy or sell from this day for any person whatsoever, any kind of Public Stock, at least than one quarter of one percent Commission on the Specie value and that we will give preference to each other in our Negotiations. In Testimony whereof we have set our hands this 17th day of May at New York, 1792.

• The Buttonwood Agreement

7• He started business after he travelled across the English

Channel and purchased crates of "cut-out" records from a record discounter. He sold the records out of the boot of his car to retail outlets in London. He continued selling cut-outs through a record mail order business in 1970. Trading under the name X, he sold records for considerably less than the "High Street" outlets, especially the chain W. H. Smith. The name X was suggested by one of his early employees because they were all new at business. At the time, many products were sold under restrictive marketing agreements that limited discounting, despite efforts in the 1950s and 1960s to limit so-called resale price maintenance. In effect, he began the series of changes that led to large-scale discounting of recorded music.

• Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson• Virgin

8• He is widely regarded as one of the earliest pioneers of hand-held computing

because of his invention of the Electronic Diary in 1975.• In 1974, he founded a company, Wescom Switching which was one of the first

digital switching companies in the world. He developed a revolutionary new system called 580 DSS switch, which he spent nearly four years perfecting. Thus, in 1978, it was released to the world and it became an instant hit becoming one of the most successful systems in the market. Wescom was eventually acquired by Rockwell International, where he became the Vice President.

• During his four decades as an engineer, he has filed scores of patents in telecommunications. The latest set of patents relate to mobile phone based transaction technology which cover the entire spectrum of transactions, both financial and non-financial, via mobile phones.

• In 1983, he also designed his own computer-themed card game called Compucards which used binary numbers instead of decimal (1, 2, 4, 8...) had a computer bug as the joker.

• Through the 1990s he explored the world of mobile phone transcation technology and telecom developments in emerging markets.

• (born 4 May 1942, in Titlagarh, Orissa)

• Satyanarayan Gangaram “Sam” Pitroda

9• X was founded in 1895 by Beatrice and Sidney Webb, initially

funded by a bequest of £20,000 from the estate of Henry Hunt Hutchinson. Hutchinson, a lawyer and member of the Fabian Society, left the money in trust, to be put "towards advancing its [The Fabian Society's] objects in any way they [the trustees] deem advisable". The five trustees were Sidney Webb, Edward Pease, Constance Hutchinson, William de Mattos and William Clark.

• X records that the proposal to establish it was conceived during a breakfast meeting on 4 August 1894, between the Webbs, Graham Wallas and George Bernard Shaw. The proposal was accepted by the trustees in February 1895 and it held its first classes in October of that year, in rooms at 9 John Street, Adelphi, in the City of Westminster.

• The London School of Economics

10• Founded in 1853 in New York, USA• Eiffel Tower• Empire State Building, World Trade Center, • The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror• Petronas Twin Towers• Burj Khalifa• CN Tower• Skylon Tower

• Otis Elevator Company• The world's largest manufacturer of vertical

transportation systems today, principally elevators and escalators.

• Pioneered the development of the safety elevator

11

• Benetton

12• The Kijang is a pick-up or minibus sold

in Indonesia and Brunei. • "Kijang", meaning deer in Indonesian, was first introduced in

Indonesia in 1977 and it has become the most popular car in the country ever since. This car is also sold in other countries, and is known as the Unser in Malaysia, Zace in Taiwan, X and Y in India, Nepal, and the Philippines, and Stallion and Condor in South Africa.

13• In 1876, aged 30, Lars Magnus started a telegraph repair

shop with help from his friend Carl Johan Andersson.In 1878, local telephone importer Numa Peterson hired him to repair some telephones from the Bell company. This inspired him to buy a number of Siemens telephones and analyze the technology further. He improved these designs to produce a higher quality instrument. These were used by new telephone companies, such as Rikstelefon, to provide cheaper service than the Bell Group. He had no patent or royalty problems, as Bell had not patented their inventions in Scandinavia. At the end of the year he started to manufacture telephones of his own, much in the image of the Siemens telephones, and the first product was finished in 1879. Which company's history can be traced henceforth?

• Ericsson

14• Pointless babble — 40%• Conversational — 38%• Pass-along value — 9%• Self-promotion — 6%• Spam — 4%• News — 4%

• Tweets

15• When his father died in 1966, X, a graduate in Electrical

Engineering from Stanford University, took on the leadership of the company at the age 21. He repositioned it and transformed Y into a consumer goods company that produced hydrogenated cooking oils/fat company, laundry soap, wax and tin containers and later set up Y Fluid Power to manufacture hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders in 1975. At that time, it was valued at $2 million.

• In 1977, when IBM was asked to leave India, Y entered the information technology sector.

• In 1979, Y began developing its own computers, and in 1981 started selling the finished product. This was the first in a string of products that would make Y one of India's first computer makers.

• Wipro