© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 1
You can't cross a chasm in two small jumps
Dr Michelle SelingerEducation StrategistCisco
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 2
Three parts
Chasms
Solutions
Caveats
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 3
Chasms
Between Informal and Formal Learning
Between Schools and Higher Education
Between Cultures and Economies
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 4444
Chasms Between Informal and Formal Learning
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 5
Differences
The tools we learn with
The way we learn
With whom we learn
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 6
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 7
Non-Linear Approach
A B C D E F A
B
C
D
E
F
Linear
Non-linear
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 83 - 49
Daily Media Uses – the Netherlands
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 9
Informal learning
The real genius of organizations is the informal, impromptu, often inspired ways that real people solve real problems in ways that formal processes can’t anticipate. When you’re competing on knowledge, the name of the game is improvisation, not rote standardization
John Seeley Brown
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 10
Stasis
• Link with print among academic publishers
• VLE approach
• Lectures
• Standards
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 11
E-learning courses
Linear
Deterministic
Closed
Negative in feedback
McConnell, D (2006) E-learning Groups and Communities of Practice, OUP
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 12121212
Chasms Between School & Higher Education
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 13
TU Eindhoven
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 14
Assessment way out of alignment
SchoolsCoursework replaced by ‘controlled assessments’Tests at 14, 16 and 18 focus on writing skillsNo group assessment
UniversitiesVariedGroupPeer assessmentePortfoliosOnline collaboration
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 15151515
Chasms Between North and South
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 16
Access
Linguistic
Technological
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 17
Pedagogical
Learning imperialism
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 18
Improving developing country HEIs & Providing OER & TNE
Alternative access to HE & Availability of technology
Peer review & Cultural relevance
Innovation and interactivity & Access
Quality & Cost
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 19191919
Solutions
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 20
What do employers want?
Percentage of jobs mentioning these skills Technological fluency (81%)
Communication skills using technology (74%)
Collaboration, teamwork (36%)
Leadership (34%)
Creativity (22%)
AND … what shows up in the successful applicants?
People who are
Comfortable with cultural diversity
High Tech/ High touch (people who have work-life balance)
A sense of pride – excellence
David Thornburg, 2004
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 21
Attitudes and approaches in HE and FE sectors
E-learning technology developments e.g. JISC E-learning Programme
Portal technology
Volume of e-learning content from diverse sources e.g. JORUM
Skills and access to e-learning at institutional levels
What has changed
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 22
International Initiatives in Further & Higher education
Dominated by US & international print publishers
Digital content services & online aggregators emerging as important players e.g. Netlibrary
E-book formats use the metaphor of the printed book
Technology of reading online remains a constraint
Digital rights management not sufficiently developed for commercial use
E-textbook products focused on HE not FE
Different publishers serve FE and HE markets
JISC e-Books Working Group:Education for Change &University of Stirling, 2005
E-book industry analysis
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 23
Teaching and Learning
What needs to be taught?
What is actually taught?
What is learnt?
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 24
Building the Knowledge Base
Knowing what Knowing that Knowing why Knowing how Knowing where Knowing when
Being Knowledgeable
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 25
Who chooses how to use ICT?
“ It is a proven lesson from the history of technology that users are the key producers of the technology by adapting it to their uses and values, and ultimately transforming the technology itself …”
Manuel Castells, 2001
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 26
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 27
“Successful Intelligence”
Analytical
Practical
Creative
…”in the real world, analytical intelligence is no longer enough. It is not that it no longer matters, but it certainly matters less…”
Dr. Robert Sternberg, Tufts University
Afghanistan: Satellite dish made with recycled tin cans - “Necessity is the mother of invention“
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 28
Personal Learning Environments
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 29
Learning with a new focus
Informal
Emergent
Social
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 30
Moving from Three Rs to Three Ps
Persistence
Power tools
Play
Learning 2.0
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 31
Learning from experts
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 32
Creative Archive
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 33
Rip, Mix and Share
The Creative Archive turns the concept of media literacy into something much more than just a ‘good idea’. It’s about empowering people by providing them with material which may enhance their cultural awareness, their critical faculty and their creative skills
David Puttnam, 2006
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 34
EU initiativeseContentplus Programme Digital content in Europe more accessible, usable and
exploitable Tackle organisational barriers Take up of leading-edge solutions Accessibility Address areas where development is slow EU-wide co-ordination of collections in libraries, museums
and archives & preservation of digital collections
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 35
Open Courseware
Playground
Models
Participation
Assuring quality of education and education practices
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 36
Children designing e-learning
8 -12 years olds answering their own questionsWhat do we think and how do we think?Why aren’t we born knowing what we know now?
Students challenged the idea of one right answer Recognise that others may have captured points they
have missed Determining the e-learning environment
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 37
Education Human Network
Human Network across theEducation Community
Businesses
Researchers
IT providers
Suppliers
Storage
Governments
Educators
Agencies
Students
Parents/Guardians
Administrators
Partners
Learning Services
Learning Analysis
Visibility & Awareness
Expert & Social Collaboration
Resources Management
Cross-ecosystem planning & modelling
Recognised Quality
Education
Financial Economics
Environmental Economics
Operational Efficiencies
Education Lifecycle
Management
Valu
e C
reat
ion
Cap
abili
ties
Use
rs/C
omm
unity
Student Experience & Satisfaction
Source: Cisco IBSG
• Follow Me Content - content follows the users, processes, and activities• People subscribe to people - social connections and expert location• Immersive Interactions – presence, geospatial location, semantics/context
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 38
Communication Improvement Opportunities
Community Communication•Collaborative Communications•Expectation Clarity (student/teacher)•Efficient Instruction
Integrated Learning Teams
•Expert location•Context-based collaboration•Anywhere Access•Lifecycle learning Visibility
Education Partner Collaboration
•Developmental Collaboration•Timely expert location•Project Visibility•Issue Resolution
Multi-format Learning•Multi-point Visibility•Multi-direction•Interactive participation
Administrator Management•Operational Visibility•End-to-end collaboration•Real-time KPIs •Event/Issue management
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 39
Cisco’s CCD Platform SM
Integrated Communication, Collaboration, and Data into workflows
Student/TeacherStudent/StudentSchool CollaborationSpecial OpsAdministrationParent CommunityCampus Community
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 40
Mobile CCE Example
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 41
Avatars in Education
Halie - Virtual Employee #1 @
Cisco(HR Agent App)
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 42
Bridging the divide
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 43
Future Vision Education Mashups
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 44
University Links
South-South as well as North-South
Joint appointments
Local relevance, global action
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 45454545
Caveats
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 46
Is one giant step possible?
Smaller steps
Identify the relevant knowledge
Podcasts instead of lectures
Closer links and ties with schools and the workplace
Interoperable e-portfolios as learning passports
Schools as preparation for lifelong learning
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicMichelle Selinger 47
Animations by