You need a piece of paper for notes, and the handout from

the front of the room

Opener

1) What was the role of English Coffee houses (“penny universities”) during the Enlightenment?

2) Describe an Enlightenment philosophical idea that inspired the French and American Revolutions.

3) The Baroque era was represented by art that focused on drama and emotion, while the Enlightenment focused on what?

Neoclassical Art

If It’s Baroque, trash it

Neoclassical Era1750-1825

• “New Classics”• Moved away from the opulence and excess of the

Baroque style, in favor of the reserved sophistication of classical art, depicting heroes that reflected the desires of the French Revolution,

• The era will see the fall of Louis XVI, the French Revolution, the crowning of Napoleon, and a newly forming United States.

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Why the change?

• Ideas of The Enlightenment– Reason over Emotion

• French and American Revolutions

• Newly discovered ruins from antiquity– Excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum

shed new light on a classical civilization.

Antiquity Rediscovered

• As the ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum were discovered, people were given a window into a thriving Roman world.

• Connection to Democracy of Greece and Republic of Rome.

• Artifacts were found that showed individuals exactly what the style of antiquity looked like.– A civilization frozen in time

• As you watch the following clip, answer the following question:– Politically, how might this have been an interesting

time for these archeological discoveries?– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mg0j7Uzsg0&feature=related

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How did it change?Neoclassical Characteristics

• Sharp outlines• Deliberate composition (Geometric

Arrangements)• Cool, but impactful, colors• “Classical” subjects with moral implications• Reason over Emotion – The leaders of the

Enlightenment distrusted emotion as a guide to truth.

Sculpture

• How are they different?

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Bernini

Michelangelo

Donatello

Canova

Jacques-Louis David

• 1748-1825• French painter and

political activist• Studied in Rome

– Influenced by the classical style

• Highly influenced by the ideas of the French Revolution– In life and art

• Political Flip-Flopper– Aligned himself (and his art)

with whoever was in power.• Louis XVI• Revolution• Robespierre• Napoleon

• Use of Propaganda– ………

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Jacques-Louis David’s

Artistic Characteristics

• Strong attention to detail• Clean lines• Muted, cool, colors• “Reserved” Drama• Depicted great men

– Heroes of Antiquity– Political leaders of his time

• Saw art as a way to reeducate the people• Use of powerful and skillful propaganda

Oath of Horatii• Commissioned by Louis XVI• References Enlightenment values while

alluding to Rousseau’s social contract• Highlights the hopes of the French Revolution

– Brothers self sacrifice for their country.

– Extolled classical virtues of stoicism, masculinity and patriotism

– Anti-Monarchy sentiment

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The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons

• Sacrifice family for country• Sharp scissors • Brutus’ twisted feet• Dark contrast in lighting between Brutus and his wife

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Death of MaratWho was he?

• Political fanatic and journalist of the French Revolution

• Friend of David• Used his influence to

condemn hundreds of people to death during the Reign of Terror

• Suffered from a terrible skin disease which caused him to itch horribly

• Murdered by Charlotte Corday

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Simon Schama’sPower of Art

David

As you watch the following video, answer the questions on the overhead on the back of your handout of Napoleon.

Death of Marat as Propaganda-Historical-

• Skin• Head compress• Letter in hand• Desk• Bathtub• Knife• Wound

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Death of Marat as Propaganda-Symbolism-

• Skin• Letter in hand• Letter and money on

desk• Desk• Bathtub• Knife• Background• Quill pen• Sheets = Shroud• Positioning of body

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MichelangeloPieta

CaravaggioEntombment of Christ

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DavidDeath of Marat

Jacques-Louis David’sNapoleon

• Depicts Emperor Napoleon in his study

• Is this painting propaganda?

• What if I told you that Napoleon never actually stood for this painting?

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What’s Really Going On?

1) You are going to read an article that discusses Jacques-Louis David’s portrait of Napoleon

2) You will then fill out your painting guide, by identifying the symbolic propaganda aspects of the work

…More PropagandaNapoleon

• Clock & Candles• Disheveled appearance• Uniform, Sword,

Campaign Maps• Rolled papers- Code

Napoleon• Books• Soldier, Emperor and

Administrator• Napoleon hired David to

be his court painter because he could produce powerful propaganda

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Just a simple painter?

• Jacques-Louis David’s self-portrait– Simple painter or

powerful political figure?

• How is he using propaganda here?

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Exit Slip

1) If you were going to explain it to someone, how would you characterize Neoclassical art?

2) Name two ways in which Marat is depicted as Christ-like.