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South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
Young People in Employment Without Training
November 18th, 2005
Ben NeildSLIM
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
‘A one percentage point increase in the number of workers with higher education qualifications raises GDP by 0.5%.’Estelle Morris 23 May 2002
The more education you have….the less likely you are to be unemployed the healthier you will beyou will have better developed social values
It is socially and economically desirable to support continuing participation and qualification post-16
Policy Drivers
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
Male earnings by highest qualification: f/t employees after 20 years
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
C&G other
Other qualifications
CSE/GCSE below C
Trade apprenticeship
C&G Craft
C&G Advanced Craft
1-4 O Levels/GCSE C+
SCE Higher
Nursing
OND/ONC BTEC Nat.
Diploma in HE
5+ O Levels/GCSE C+
1 A Level
Other higher qualification
Teaching
HND/HNC, BTEC Higher
2+ A Levels
Other degree
First degree
Higher degree
Percentage points relative to no qualifications
Source: Robinson (1997)
Source: Robinson 1997
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
OECD - Participation at age 17
n
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
Rates of participation in education and WBL at age 16
Full-time education
Work Based Learning
Part-time education
Education & WBL
England 66 8 5 79South West 68 8 5 81
BDP 68 9 4 81Devon & Cornwall 67 9 5 81Gloucestershire 69 8 4 81Somerset 69 9 4 82West of England 68 7 5 80Wiltshire & Swindon 70 7 4 81
Source: DfES, 2005 (2003 data)
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
Rates of participation in education and WBL
Full-time education
Work Based Learning
Part-time education
Education & WBL
Bath & NE Somerset 76 6 5 87Cornwall 68 9 6 84Dorset 70 10 4 84Somerset 69 9 4 82Gloucestershire 69 8 4 81Swindon 68 7 6 81Wiltshire 71 7 3 81Devon 67 9 4 80Plymouth 63 11 6 80North Somerset 68 6 6 80Poole 67 7 4 78Bristol 66 7 5 78Bournemouth 65 7 5 78South Gloucestershire 64 7 5 76Torbay 62 8 4 74
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
Destinations of 16 & 17 year olds
Education 75.20%Government Supported Training 6.60%Employment with no Training 9.10%Not settled (NEET) 5.90%Moved out of contact 1.90%No Response 1.00%Refused to Participate 0.10%Source: Moving On, Connexions 2004
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
% 17 year olds employed and not in education
Mexico 29.0 Italy 8.7
Turkey 24.2 Switzerland 8.0
Portugal 20.3 Sweden 7.0
United Kingdom 16.2 Greece 6.9
Iceland 14.8 Slovak Republic 5.8
Netherlands 14.7 Luxembourg 5.7
Ireland 13.6 Czech Republic 5.7
Australia 13.3 Germany 5.2
Austria 12.1 Finland 4.7
Norway 11.5 Hungary 4.5
Spain 11.0 Belgium 3.6
Canada 10.8 France 1.9
Denmark 8.9 Poland 1.0
Source: OECD, 2002
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
Movement into work without training doubles the chances of young people becoming NEET at 18, when compared to young people who had spent 2 years in work with training.
The risk of becoming NEET from work with no training was reduced either by movement at 17 into work with training or full time education.
Those in jobs with training were the most stable people, in terms of becoming NEET at 18 ‘Young people not in education, employment or training’
Report to DfES, Centre for Research in Social Policy, 2005
Employment w/out Training and NEETs
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
A NEET dropping out of education at 16 will cost the taxpayers an average of £97k during their lifetime….
A single 157,000 strong cohort of 16 to 18 year old NEET would cost the country £15 billion by the time they died prematurely in 2060.
They are 22 times more likely to be teenage mothers; 50% more likely to suffer poor health; 60% more likely to be involved in drugs and 20 times more likely to become criminals. Sunday Times, March 2005
Cost of being NEET
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
34% those with no qualifications are NEET17% those with Level 17% of those with Level 2 There are close associations with truancy and disaffection while in school.
Only 1% with 5 or more GCSEs at A* to C become NEET Those achieving fewer than 5 GCSEs made up 92% of NEETs
‘Young people not in education, employment or training’
Report to DfES, Centre for Research in Social Policy, 2005
NEET & Learning
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
More likely to be in work without training if you are white, less well qualified (but not unqualified), from poorer backgrounds
But 65% live in homes that are owned by parents or carers
70% say that their jobs are permanent
A significant proportion (46%) receive on-the-job training; a smaller proportion (about 12%) off-the-job training
Generally this training does not lead to qualifications
Geoff Hayward, SKOPE, July 2005
Work w/out Training
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
Five most common jobs
Sales AssistantsClerks, not otherwise specifiedCleaners and domesticsCounter hands and catering assistantsWaiters and waitresses Geoff Hayward, SKOPE, July 2005
Jobs without Training
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
Financial rewards to work without training - wages higher than apprentices
EMAs encourage people to stay on in School
Child Benefit is only paid to age 19 if children continue in full time Education
Lack of quality apprenticeships
Parity between academic and vocational routes isn’t there yet in terms of Government policy, let alone public perception. POLICY RESPONSES£80m new Negotiated Learning Agreement for 16 to 17 year olds – testing range of financial incentives to encourage employers and employees to take up Apprenticeships £60m pilot offering NEETs financial support in return for a commitment to return to formal learning / training in work
Financial Issues
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
WBL is very poorly presented to young people in schools: It is seen as a poor relation to academic studies post 16, for the less able
There is limited understanding among teachers and tutors of the WBL landscape
There is widespread suspicion that WBL routes are not pushed by teachers in schools with sixth forms because they are seen as competitors to their own offer
Parents are seen as crucial influences but have little knowledge of the learning routes and so little confidence in advising young people
Other Issues
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
Campaign to promote work-based learning (are issues of image etc) to young people
The poor image of WBL deters young people from pursuing opportunities that exist.
Campaign to promote benefits of WBL to employers
Need more apprenticeship opportunities (working with employers)Use skills Brokerage model to raise employer awareness of the role of WBL (apprenticeships)
Need to reduce inequalities in pay between training allowances and higher wages
Responses
South West Observatory Skills and Learning Intelligence Module
www.swslim.org.uk
Improve opportunities for work experience in Schools, helping young people to make informed choices
Improve our knowledge and understanding of the cohort, their backgrounds, work experience, decision making, destinations, wages and outcomes Identify young people at risk of disengagement and provide additional support Families exert huge influence. Is a need for Connexions to work with teachers and parents to raise awareness, understanding (and esteem) of WBL routes and opportunities
Ensure effective collaboration between Brokers and Connexions
Responses