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SERVICE MANUAL

LAUNDRY

ELECTROLUX ZANUSSI S.p.A. Spares Operations Italy Corso Lino Zanussi,30

Publication number

I - 33080 PORCIA /PN (ITALY) 599 35 23-17

Fax +39 0434 394096

Edition: 2002-05-02

EN

Washing machines & Dryers

P6000 (Nexus) Series:

Structural characteristics, electrical components and

accessibility

Production: ZP - Porcia Italy

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 PURPOSE OF THIS SERVICE MANUAL ............................................................................................... 7 2 IMPORTANT NOTES.............................................................................................................................. 7 3 WASHING PRINCIPLES......................................................................................................................... 8

3.1 Washing ........................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.1 Results of the wash................................................................................................................... 8

3.2 Fabrics ............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.2.1 Natural and artificial fibres......................................................................................................... 9 3.2.2 Washing the various types of fibres........................................................................................... 9 3.2.3 Washing animal fibres: .............................................................................................................. 9 3.2.4 International symbols for washing of fabrics............................................................................ 10

3.3 Classification of soiling ................................................................................................................... 11 3.4 Mechanical action .......................................................................................................................... 11 3.5 Duration of the washing cycle......................................................................................................... 11 3.6 Water ............................................................................................................................................. 12

3.6.1 Formation of lime scale and ferrous oxide............................................................................... 12 3.6.2 Hardness of the water ............................................................................................................. 12 3.6.3 Total water hardness............................................................................................................... 13

3.7 Detergents ..................................................................................................................................... 14 3.7.1 Composition of a detergent ..................................................................................................... 14 3.7.2 Functions of the principal components of a detergent ............................................................. 14 3.7.3 Functions of other components of a detergent ........................................................................ 15 3.7.4 Detergent quantities ................................................................................................................ 16 3.7.5 Washing additives ................................................................................................................... 17 3.7.6 Bleaching ................................................................................................................................ 17

3.8 The function of the water temperature............................................................................................ 18 3.8.1 Using the correct temperature................................................................................................. 18

3.9 Washing machine programmes...................................................................................................... 19 4 FRONT-LOADING WASHING MACHINE ............................................................................................. 20

4.1 Traditional washing system ............................................................................................................ 20 4.1.1 Recovery of detergent loss from the circulation hose.............................................................. 21

4.2 Drain circuit with "ECO-BALL" ball valve ........................................................................................ 22 4.2.1 ECO-BALL ball valve ............................................................................................................ 22 4.2.2 Ball valve: operating principle.................................................................................................. 23

4.3 JETSYSTEM washing system ..................................................................................................... 24 4.3.1 JETSYSTEM hydraulic circuit (first version) ............................................................................ 24 4.3.2 Jetsystem DIRECT SPRAY washing system........................................................................ 25 4.3.3 Circuit with heat exchanger ..................................................................................................... 25 4.3.4 NEW JET recirculation circuitP63BD version (large door)................................................... 26

5 WASHER-DRYERS .............................................................................................................................. 27 5.1 Drying system ................................................................................................................................ 27 5.2 Drying circuit (type "A" condenser) ................................................................................................. 27 5.3 Drying circuit (type "B" condenser) ................................................................................................. 28

5.3.1 HP version ............................................................................................................................ 28 6 STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS.................................................................................................... 29

6.1 NEXUS technology ...................................................................................................................... 29 6.1.1 Washing machine with 32 cm-depth cabinet ........................................................................... 30

6.2 Base............................................................................................................................................... 30 6.3 Control panel support ..................................................................................................................... 30 6.4 Cabinet........................................................................................................................................... 31

6.4.1 Types of cabinet...................................................................................................................... 31 6.5 Porthole door.................................................................................................................................. 33

6.5.1 Examples of porthole doors..................................................................................................... 33 6.5.2 Porthole door with button-actioned aperture............................................................................ 34

6.6 Control panel.................................................................................................................................. 35 6.6.1 Examples of control panels ..................................................................................................... 35

6.7 Washing groups ............................................................................................................................. 36 6.7.1 Damper ................................................................................................................................... 36 6.7.2 Types of washing groups ........................................................................................................ 37 6.7.3 Washing group in Carboran .................................................................................................... 38 6.7.4 Stainless steel washing group................................................................................................. 39 6.7.5 Drum ....................................................................................................................................... 40

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6.7.6 Drum rotation drive belt ........................................................................................................... 41 6.8 Detergent dispenser ....................................................................................................................... 42

6.8.1 Detergent dispenser with distribution levers ............................................................................ 42 6.8.2 Detergent dispenser with multiple-outlet solenoid valve ("long" version) ................................. 44 6.8.3 Detergent dispenser with multiple-outlet solenoid valve ("short" version)................................ 46

6.9 Drain/circulation circuits ................................................................................................................. 48 6.9.1 Washers with traditional washing systems .............................................................................. 48 6.9.2 Washers with traditional washing system and ECO-BALL ball valve .................................... 49 6.9.3 Washers with traditional washing system and P66" (32 cm) cabinet...................................... 50 6.9.4 Jetsystem washing machines (with circulation pump) ............................................................. 51 6.9.5 NEW JET circulation circuit (Circulation pump) version P63BD ......................................... 52 6.9.6 Jetsystem washing machines (Circulation pump) with Heat exchanger .................................. 53 6.9.7 Jetsystem washing machines with NEAT cabinet (JETSY- IZ)................................................ 54

7 WASHER-DRYER COMPONENTS ...................................................................................................... 55 7.1 Fan assembly................................................................................................................................. 55 7.2 Heater element casing ................................................................................................................... 56 7.3 Drying condenser ........................................................................................................................... 57

7.3.1 Determining the drying time .................................................................................................... 58 7.3.2 Condensation water fill ............................................................................................................ 59

7.4 Duct................................................................................................................................................ 59 8 ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS.............................................................................................................. 60

8.1 Control systems ............................................................................................................................. 60 8.2 Suppressor..................................................................................................................................... 61

8.2.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 61 8.2.2 Electrical symbols ................................................................................................................... 61 8.2.3 Circuit diagrams ...................................................................................................................... 61 8.2.4 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 61

8.3 Push-button.................................................................................................................................... 62 8.3.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 62 8.3.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 62 8.3.3 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 62

8.4 Door safety interlock (traditional version) ....................................................................................... 63 8.4.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 63 8.4.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 64 8.4.3 Circuit diagrams ...................................................................................................................... 64 8.4.4 Version with pneumatic device................................................................................................ 64 8.4.5 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 64

8.5 Instantaneous door safety interlock................................................................................................ 65 8.5.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 65 8.5.2 Operating principle .................................................................................................................. 65 8.5.3 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 66 8.5.4 Circuit diagram........................................................................................................................ 66

8.6 Solenoid valve................................................................................................................................ 67 8.6.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 67 8.6.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 68 8.6.3 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 68

8.7 Pressure switch.............................................................................................................................. 69 8.7.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 69 8.7.2 Pressure switch hydraulic circuit ............................................................................................ 69 8.7.3 Operating principle .................................................................................................................. 70 8.7.4 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 70 8.7.5 Circuit diagram........................................................................................................................ 70 8.7.6 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 70

8.8 Analogue (electronic) pressure switch............................................................................................ 71 8.8.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 71 8.8.2 Operating principle .................................................................................................................. 71 8.8.3 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 72 8.8.4 Circuit diagrams and operating frequency............................................................................... 72 8.8.5 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 72

8.9 Water distributor............................................................................................................................. 73 8.9.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 73 8.9.2 Operating principle .................................................................................................................. 73 8.9.3 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 74 8.9.4 Contact closure diagram ......................................................................................................... 74

8.10 Induction (asynchronous) motors .................................................................................................. 75

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8.10.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 75 8.10.2 Reversal of direction of rotation during washing...................................................................... 76 8.10.3 Electrical symbols ................................................................................................................... 76 8.10.4 Circuit diagrams ...................................................................................................................... 76 8.10.5 Motor with speed variator ........................................................................................................ 77 8.10.6 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 77

8.11 Commutator motor ........................................................................................................................ 78 8.11.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 78 8.11.2 Operating principle .................................................................................................................. 78 8.11.3 Electrical symbols ................................................................................................................... 80 8.11.4 Circuit diagram........................................................................................................................ 81 8.11.5 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 81

8.12 AC/DC converter ........................................................................................................................... 82 8.12.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 82 8.12.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 82 8.12.3 Circuit diagram........................................................................................................................ 82

8.13 Heating element ............................................................................................................................ 83 8.13.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 83 8.13.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 84 8.13.3 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 84

8.14 Heat exchanger............................................................................................................................. 85 8.14.1 General characteristics .......................................................................................................... 85 8.14.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 85 8.14.3 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 85

8.15 Drying heater (washer-dryers)....................................................................................................... 86 8.15.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 86 8.15.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 86 8.15.3 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 86

8.16 Bi-metal thermostats ..................................................................................................................... 87 8.16.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 87 8.16.2 Operating principle .................................................................................................................. 87 8.16.3 Electrical symbols ................................................................................................................... 87 8.16.4 Manual-reset thermostat ......................................................................................................... 87 8.16.5 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 87

8.17 Adjustable thermostat.................................................................................................................... 88 8.17.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 88 8.17.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 88 8.17.3 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 88

8.18 NTC temperature sensor ............................................................................................................... 89 8.18.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 89 8.18.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 89 8.18.3 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 89

8.19 Drain pump.................................................................................................................................... 90 8.19.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 90 8.19.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 90 8.19.3 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 90

8.20 Circulation pump ........................................................................................................................... 91 8.20.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 91 8.20.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 91 8.20.3 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 91

8.21 Drying timer (washer-dryers) ......................................................................................................... 92 8.21.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 92 8.21.2 Circuit diagram........................................................................................................................ 92 8.21.3 Contact closure diagram ......................................................................................................... 92 8.21.4 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 92

8.22 Fan motor (washer-dryers) ............................................................................................................ 93 8.22.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 93 8.22.2 Electrical symbol ..................................................................................................................... 93 8.22.3 Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................ 93

8.23 Circuit diagrams ............................................................................................................................ 94 8.23.1 Wiring diagram........................................................................................................................ 94 8.23.2 Basic circuit diagram ............................................................................................................... 96

9 ACCESS TO COMPONENTS ............................................................................................................... 97 9.1 Work-top ........................................................................................................................................ 97

9.1.1 Pressure switch....................................................................................................................... 97

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9.1.2 Suppressor/motor capacitor .................................................................................................... 97 9.1.3 Solenoid valve (version fitted to the cabinet) ........................................................................... 97 9.1.4 Solenoid valve (version fitted to detergent dispenser) ............................................................. 97

9.2 Control panel (standard version) .................................................................................................... 98 9.2.1 Control panel versions for soft cabinet ............................................................................... 98 9.2.2 Control panel versions for square cabinets ........................................................................ 98 9.2.3 Timer....................................................................................................................................... 99 9.2.4 Water distribution camme........................................................................................................ 99 9.2.5 Detergent dispenser lever mechanism feeler arm ................................................................... 99 9.2.6 Push-button............................................................................................................................. 99 9.2.7 Adjustable thermostat ............................................................................................................. 99

9.3 Electronic control systems............................................................................................................ 100 9.3.1 Main PCB (MWM-EWM2000) ............................................................................................... 100 9.3.2 Control/display board ............................................................................................................ 100 9.3.3 Control panel input version .............................................................................................. 100 9.3.4 Electronic pressure switch..................................................................................................... 100

9.4 Access from the porthole door...................................................................................................... 101 9.4.1 Porthole door ........................................................................................................................ 101 9.4.2 Porthole door hinge............................................................................................................... 101 9.4.3 Door safety interlock ............................................................................................................. 101 9.4.4 Bellows seal .......................................................................................................................... 101

9.5 Rear cabinet shell ........................................................................................................................ 102 9.5.1 Motor..................................................................................................................................... 102 9.5.2 Electronic speed control system / AC/DC converter .............................................................. 102 9.5.3 Thermostat/NTC sensor ........................................................................................................ 103 9.5.4 Heating element .................................................................................................................... 103 9.5.5 Detergent dispenser.............................................................................................................. 104 9.5.6 Removing the duct from the dispenser.................................................................................. 104 9.5.7 Water distributor.................................................................................................................... 104 9.5.8 Adjusting the dispenser levers .............................................................................................. 105 9.5.9 Damper ................................................................................................................................. 105 9.5.10 Drum pulley........................................................................................................................... 105 9.5.11 Pressure chamber................................................................................................................. 105

9.6 Washing group (Carboran-inox) ................................................................................................... 106 9.7 Drum and tub shells (Carboran) ................................................................................................... 106

9.7.1 Drum shaft bearings.............................................................................................................. 106 9.7.2 Drum spider .......................................................................................................................... 106 9.7.3 Front counterweight (Carboran tub) ...................................................................................... 107 9.7.4 Rear counterweight (Carboran tub) ....................................................................................... 107

9.8 Components of stainless steel tubs.............................................................................................. 107 9.8.1 Tub spider ............................................................................................................................. 107 9.8.2 Drum shaft bearings.............................................................................................................. 107 9.8.3 Tub support band.................................................................................................................. 108 9.8.4 Drum ..................................................................................................................................... 108 9.8.5 Replacing the stainless steel tub........................................................................................... 108 9.8.6 Rear counterweight ............................................................................................................... 108

9.9 Drum lifter .................................................................................................................................... 109 9.10 Access to the pumps/manifolds................................................................................................... 110

9.10.1 Drain pump (standard version).............................................................................................. 110 9.10.2 Drain pump - models with P66 (32cm) cabinet...................................................................... 110 9.10.3 Drain pump - models with RIM and P63 soft BD cabinets ..................................................... 110 9.10.4 Drain pump - models with Neat cabinet (Jetsy- IZ)................................................................ 111 9.10.5 Circulation pump (standard version)...................................................................................... 111 9.10.6 Circulation pump - New Jet version .................................................................................... 111 9.10.7 Filter/pump assembly - models with Neat cabinet (Jetsy- IZ) ................................................ 111 9.10.8 Circulation pump - models with Neat cabinet (Jetsy- IZ) ....................................................... 111 9.10.9 Drain filter body (standard version) ....................................................................................... 112 9.10.10 Heat exchanger (certain Jetsystem models only)................................................................. 112 9.10.11 Base .................................................................................................................................... 112

9.11 Front cabinet shell ....................................................................................................................... 113 9.12 Access to specific washer-dryer components.............................................................................. 114

9.12.1 Bellows seal and drying duct................................................................................................. 114 9.12.2 Rear cabinet shell ................................................................................................................. 115 9.12.3 Motor-Fan assembly ............................................................................................................. 115 9.12.4 Motor / Fan............................................................................................................................ 115

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9.12.5 Drying heater casing ............................................................................................................. 116 9.12.6 Drying heaters....................................................................................................................... 116 9.12.7 Drying and safety thermostats............................................................................................... 116 9.12.8 Temperature sensor / Safety thermostat ............................................................................... 116 9.12.9 Drying condenser .................................................................................................................. 116 9.12.10 NTC sensor for control of drying times (models with electronic control)............................... 116

10 TOOLS AND MATERIALS ............................................................................................................... 117 10.1 Standard tools ............................................................................................................................. 117 10.2 Materials...................................................................................................................................... 118

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1 PURPOSE OF THIS SERVICE MANUAL

The purpose of this Service Manual is to provide Service Engineers, who already have the basic knowledge necessary to repair household washing machines, with information of a general nature regarding the P6000 (Nexus) range of washing machines. More detailed information regarding specific models may be found in the Service Notes and Service Manuals (issued separately) for each specific model or functionality. This information covers:

Circuit diagrams Timer diagrams Exploded diagrams of spare parts Lists of spare parts Functions and diagnostics.

2 IMPORTANT NOTES

Repairs to electrical appliances must be effected only by qualified personnel. Before accessing the components inside the appliance, always remove the plug from the power socket. Where possible, ohmic measurements should be effected rather than direct measurement of voltage

and current. Functional operation of the appliance may be checked when the rear panel has been removed.

However, under no circumstances must a spin cycle be performed with washing in the drum. In addition, spin tests without washing must be performed with care and for short periods only. The front panel alone is not sufficient to maintain the balance of the appliance during spinning.

Certain metal components inside the appliance may have sharp edges. Care should be taken to avoid cuts or abrasions.

Before laying the appliance on the floor, always drain any water by removing the filter or laying the drain hose flat on the floor.

Never lay the appliance on its right side (i.e. timer / electronic control unit side); this would cause the water in the detergent dispenser to fall onto electrical components, thus damaging them.

After removing the rear panel of the cabinet, the appliance should be laid down on the front panel only, preferably placing a sheet of cardboard on the floor to protect the paintwork.

After removing the rear panel from the appliance, it is necessary to cover the two extremities of the upper cross-member with protective material, for example by wrapping them in a cloth or fitting the terminal section of the drain hose. This precaution is necessary because the edges of the brackets are sharp, and might otherwise cause injury to the head when working on the appliance from the rear.

After repairing the appliance, always perform the final tests.

Important!

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3 WASHING PRINCIPLES

3.1 Washing

The washing of the fabrics consists of transferring the dirt from the fabrics to the water, and is achieved using the following:

detergent mechanical action temperature time

The washing operation comprises four phases:

1. Soaking (the fabrics must be completely soaked). 2. Dispersal of the dirt (which must be separated from the fabrics). 3. Suspension of the dirt (once removed from the fabrics, the dirt must not re-deposit, but must be held in

suspension). 4. Elimination of the dirt by means of draining and rinses.

3.1.1 Results of the wash

In order to obtain satisfactory washing results, it is necessary to know:

! the nature of the fibres

! the nature of the soiling

! the hardness of the water

! the products used for the wash (detergent, conditioners, bleach etc.)

and then to select the appropriate washing cycles.

The results of the wash depend on a number of factors:

" type of fabric " type of water " type of soiling " type and quantity of detergent " temperature of the water " efficiency of the rinses " time and speed of the spin cycles

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3.2 Fabrics

3.2.1 Natural and artificial fibres

NATURAL FIBRES Wool Special wool ANIMAL FIBRES Silk Cotton Linen Canapa Hemp

CELLULOSE VEGETABLE FIBRES

Ramie ARTIFICIAL FIBRES

Viscosa rayon Cupro rayon Special rayons Rayon and polynosics Acetate rayon

ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL FIBRES

Triacetate rayon Polyammide fibres Polyurethane fibres Polyureic fibres Polyester fibres

SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL FIBRES

Polytechnical fibres

3.2.2 Washing the various types of fibres

3.2.3 Washing animal fibres:

Neutral detergents Greater quantity of water Maximum temperature 40C Minimum mechanical agitation, short times

Cellulose vegetable fibres:

Alkaline (Base) detergents Bleach (if used): Sodium hypochlorite (NaClo) High water temperature (if OK for coloureds; for linen, if heavily soiled, bleaching is preferable to

washing at high temperatures). Normal quantity of water Vigorous and prolonged mechanical action Spinning

Artificial chemical fibres:

Neutral detergents Less mechanical action and minimum spinning Greater quantity of water Maximum temperature: 70C (whites), 50C (coloureds); bleach with a diluted solution of Sodium

hypochlorite (NaClo) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Synthetic chemical fibres:

Stronger detergents Maximum temperature 40-60C Short wash Medium spin speed

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3.2.4 International symbols for washing of fabrics

Labels marked with the following symbols are affixed to the garments, and provide valuable information relative to their treatment.

WASHING ACTION

NORMAL

DELICATE

Wash at 95C

Wash at 60C

Wash at 40C

Wash at 30C

Delicate hand-wash DO NOT

WASH

BLEACH May be bleached in COLD water DO NOT BLEACH

IRONING Hot iron max 200C Medium iron max 150C

Cool iron max 110C

DO NOT IRON

DRY-CLEANING These symbols are used by the dry-cleaner to identify the

correct solvent and cleaning process for each garment to be dry-cleaned

DO NOT DRY-CLEAN

DRYING Can be dried in a tumble-dryer DO NOT DRY IN A TUMBLE-DRYER

Normal temperature

Reduced temperature

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3.3 Classification of soiling

The dirt in the fabrics consists essentially of:

PROTEICN-BASED substances OXIDABLE substances GREASE VARIOUS substances CHEMICAL substances

Protein soiling (enzymatic) - sensitive to ENZYMES

Blood, Eggs, Chocolate, Grass etc.

Oxidable substances - sensitive to BLEACH

Wine, Tea, Coffee, Fruit etc.

Greasy soiling - sensitive to SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS

Oil, Butter, Salt etc.

Various types of soiling - sensitive to specific products

Rust, Chewing-gum, Mildew

Chemical soiling - sensitive to specific products

Ink, Mercury-Chrome, Deodorants, Paints

3.4 Mechanical action

The mechanical action of the appliance is produced by the combination of clockwise/anti-clockwise rotation of the drum, which agitates the wash load in the washing solution. This action tends to transfer the dirt from the fabrics to the washing solution (water + chemical products).

The mechanical action may be VIGOROUS or DELICATE:

Vigorous drum movement in alternating directions (clockwise and anti-clockwise) is suitable for cotton and polyester fabrics.

Delicate drum movement in alternating directions (clockwise and anti-clockwise) is suitable for wool and delicate fibres.

3.5 Duration of the washing cycle

Each washing cycle requires a minimum duration in order to guarantee satisfactory results. The duration of the cycle depends on the type of fabric, the type of soiling and the quantity of washing in the drum.

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3.6 Water Water is the most important element in the washing process, and is fundamental to the final result. Ideally, the water used for the wash should have the following composition:

Clear and transparent, a low level of hardness, absence of manganese, low iron and mineral salt content.

The water may contain various substances (mineral and others) in varying quantities: Fe (iron), Mg (manganese), Si (silicon), Na (sodium), Ca (calcium), K (potassium).

Some of these substances, if they exceed a certain level or are present in combination, may lead to the formation of ferrous oxide, which causes the well-known phenomenon of "rust spots". In addition, if present in excessive quantities in the water, some substances may react with the chemicals contained in the detergent, altering its characteristics and preventing it from performing with full efficiency.

During the heating phase, calcium and manganese - if present in excessive quantities - react at temperatures in excess of 60C, producing calcareous substances that, suspended in the washing solution, may adhere to the fabrics. These calcareous substances may precipitate, forming a scale build-up on the internal components of the appliance (tub, heating element, filter body etc.). 3.6.1 Formation of lime scale and ferrous oxide As rain falls through the atmosphere, it dissolves the gases that it contains: when it comes into contact with carbon dioxide, the rain absorbs the gas and transforms it into droplets of dilute carbonic acid (H2O+CO2 = H2CO3). When the carbonic acid falls onto calcareous rocks, it reacts with the limestone to form a solution of Calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2. The problems of rust spots deposited on the washing are due mainly to the presence of ferrous oxide in the water. It is difficult to determine the quantity of ferrous oxide originally present in the water and the quantity that forms by reaction. If a filter with a very fine mesh is installed on the tap supplying the appliance, ferrous residue will be deposited after only a few days. This is one of the major obstacles to achieving a satisfactory washing result.

3.6.2 Hardness of the water According to current conventions, the hardness of the water refers to the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions. In general, a distinction is made between total hardness, permanent hardness, temporary hardness, alkaline (carbonate) and non-alkaline hardness.

The total hardness indicates the concentration of calcium and magnesium, while the temporary hardness refers only to magnesium and calcium bicarbonate, which precipitate when the water boils.

Permanent hardness is caused by all the salts which, after boiling, do not precipitate in the same way as carbonates, but instead remain suspended in the solution (thus including sulphates, chlorides and calcium and magnesium nitrates).

The alkaline (or carbonate) hardness refers to soluble bicarbonates, hydroxides and carbonates. The excess hardness with respect to the alkaline hardness is referred to as the non-alkaline (non-carbonate) hardness.

The hardness of the water is caused by soluble calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) salts, expressed as calcium carbonate, measured in "F", and calcium oxide, which is measured in "D".

From a toxicological viewpoint, hard water does not appear to be harmful to human beings. On the contrary, it has been observed that the presence of calcium and magnesium helps to prevent certain illnesses such as hypertension and cardiac arrest. However, at an industrial level, hard water may cause scale to form on mechanical parts due to the presence of carbonates, sulphates and alkaline-terrous metal silicates. This scale build-up can significantly reduce the efficiency of a machine. Especially at risk are components such as heat exchangers, boilers, domestic appliances (washing machines, dishwashers etc.), because the reaction is endothermic. In other words, the formation of carbonates is facilitated by an increase in temperature. In the dyeing industry, calcium and magnesium may cause certain colouring agents to precipitate, thus causing uneven distribution of the colour on the fabrics.

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3.6.3 Total water hardness

Total hardness is the sum of the temporary hardness (caused by calcium and magnesium bicarbonates) and the permanent hardness (caused by sulphates, chlorides and calcium/magnesium nitrates).

Hardness expressed in French degrees (F) represents the quantity of calcium carbonate, in grammes, contained in 100 litres of water.

Hardness expressed in German degrees (D) represents the quantity of calcium oxide, again in grammes per 100 litres of water.

Conversion of F - D:

1 D = 1,79 F

1 F = 0,56 D

Classification of total water hardness expressed in F and D

F D SOFT 0 14 0 - 7 AVERAGE HARDNESS 15 26 7 - 14 HARD 27 39 14 - 21 VERY HARD > 40 > 21

Negative effects of hard water:

Reduction in the effectiveness of anionic surface-active agents.

Increase in the quantity of dirt re-deposited.

Increase of residue deposited on the fabrics.

Increase of scale formation on the heating elements.

Hard water may cause the formation of incrustation on mechanical parts, due to the presence of carbonates, sulphates and alkaline-terrous metal silicates. This may also lead to a considerable reduction in the efficiency of the appliance, since the reaction is endothermic; in other words, the increase in temperature favours the formation of carbonates.

The most important of the soluble salts present in water are calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate. When the water is heated to over 60C, these react and precipitate to form limescale (which deposits on the fabrics and causes stiffness).

Water softening mechanisms

Hard water can be softened in three ways:

SEQUESTRATION: soluble compounds such as TPF, polycarboxylics, citrates

PRECIPITATION: insoluble compounds such as soaps, sodium carbonate

ION EXCHANGE: insoluble compounds such as zeolites, lamellar silicates.

Water softeners are used only for washing temperatures in excess of 60C, i.e. when the high temperature causes the calcium to precipitate.

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3.7 Detergents

Modern detergents are less aggressive than those used in the past, partly for reasons of environmental protection and partly to prevent damaging the fibres. If used correctly, these offer an excellent protective treatment and a high level of washing power. Detergents that contain no phosphates are far more sensitive to the reaction with calcium. When the door of a washing machine is opened, the user will immediately observe that the interior is clean and shiny if high-quality detergents have been used.

3.7.1 Composition of a detergent

SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS (soap and active washing substances)

ZEOLITES (water softeners)

ALKALIS

BLEACHING AGENTS

OPTICAL WHITENERS

OTHERS: Enzymes, stabilizing agents, CMC, colouring agents, perfumed essences, TAED, PVP, lipase, protease.

3.7.2 Functions of the principal components of a detergent

1. SOAP: A detergent that is soluble in water, composed of sodium or potassium salts, fatty acids (such as oleic or stearic). The main function of soap is to dissolve grease. During the washing cycle, the grease precipitates, creating insoluble calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) salts which, if present in excessive quantities, tend to become attached to the fabrics (black balls).

2. SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS: synthetic substances with wetting and detergent properties, and able to reduce the surface tension thus facilitating the penetration of the washing solution into the fabrics to dissolve the dirt. These agents disperse and emulsify the dirt and grease, which are then held in suspension in the washing solution.

3. SILICATES: alkaline substances that improve the washing result, protecting the fabrics or dishes and the appliance itself from corrosion. Not aggressive to the skin.

4. ANTI-FOAM (regulator): the correct quantity of foam is necessary for the effectiveness of the mechanical action, and therefore influences the intensity of the wash (large quantities of foam reduce the mechanical action and vice versa). Anionic surface-active agents generally increase the quantity of foam.

5. ZEOLITES: Zeolite is an insoluble solid that absorbs or fixes calcium ions, replacing them with sodium ions (to reduce hardness), thus increasing the effectiveness of the detergent.

6. ALKALIS: alkalis make the washing solution alkaline, increasing the washing power and swelling the fibres so that the dirt is dissolved more easily. In addition, alkalis help to remove scale build-up from the appliance.

7. BLEACHES: bleaches are generally perborates (substances that generate active oxygen). Active oxygen is released during the washing phase between 60C and 90C, and requires the presence of stabilizers to ensure uniform action. The oxidizing power of the active oxygen released eliminates substances that stain the fibres.

8. OPTIC WHITENERS (also known as blueing agents): optic whiteners are organic chemical substances that can transform ultraviolet light into visible "BLUE" light (yellow + blue = white).

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3.7.3 Functions of other components of a detergent

1. ENZYMES: Enzymes are proteins produced by living cells (animal and vegetable) and are able to transform organic materials with a high molecular weight, such as starches, proteins and fats, into more easily soluble products. These integrate with and facilitate the action of the detergent, eliminating protein-based dirt. Their direct action also facilitates the removal of other types of dirt. In order to give positive results, enzymatic products must be used at temperatures between 40C and 60C (maximum).

At higher temperatures, the proteins contained in the enzymes (which are temperature-labile) are vulnerable to denaturing. Denaturation causes irreversible alterations in the structure, leading to the loss of the enzymatic action.

Protease - which is present in enzymatic detergents - is equally active in the presence of fresh and old proteins alike.

Enzymatic detergents are especially active in both the pre-wash phase and in separate soak cycles.

In all soak processes, products containing enzymes able to dissociate the proteins improve the results of the wash considerably. In addition, enzymes vertically break down scale incrustations deposited on the appliance, thus helping to detach the alkalis present in the detergent.

2. STABILIZING AGENTS: These are chemical products designed to control the uniformity of the bleach by stabilizing the washing solution.

3. CMC: CMC is used to hold the dirt in suspension so that dirt particles are not re-deposited on the fabrics.

4. COLOURING AGENTS: These serve exclusively to make the product more attractive to the eye.

5. PERFUMED ESSENCES: Give the washing a pleasant fragrance.

6. TAED: TAED reacts with the perborate to form peracetic acid, which has strong bleaching and disinfectant properties even at low temperatures (reacting from a temperature of just 30C). However, if the TAED content is excessive, coloured fabrics may fade. By itself, perborate reacts at temperatures in excess of 60C, while perborate with TAED begins to react at 30C.

7. PVP: An ingredient that prevents colour transfer.

8. LIPASE: Chemical substances (enzymes) that dissolve fats by hydrolization.

9. PROTEASE: Chemical substances that destroy proteins (casein, albumin, gelatin, blood protein, perspiration, food residue, fruit juice). These release albumin molecules, which become soluble in water.

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3.7.4 Detergent quantities - efficiency of the washing programme according to the load and the water hardness.

In order to perform its function completely and correctly, the appropriate quantity of detergent must be used, which depends on the quantity of water that is contained in the tub of the washing machine, the type of washing cycle, the type of fabrics, the type of soiling and the quantity of washing in the drum.

Small quantities of detergent will be insufficient for efficient washing. But excessive quantities of detergent will cause yellowing of the fabrics, since the final rinse will not be sufficient to remove all the excess detergent, traces of which will remain on the fabrics.

The detergent properties of the soap are considerably reduced when the water is hard. The harder the water, the greater is the possibility that calcareous soap will precipitate: 1 gramme of calcium bonds to 16 grammes of soap, thus making the soap ineffective and reducing the washing power significantly.

The combination of calcareous soap forms lumps of fat which remain attached to the dirt. This fatty substance tends to deposit on the edges of the sink, on the bathtub and on the seals of the washing machine. It also deposits easily on the fabrics, turning them a greyish colour (stains); in addition, it considerably reduces the capacity of the fabrics for absorption.

The hardness of the water not only reduces the washing power of the detergent, but also reduces the softness, resistance and whiteness of the fabrics washed. When hardening agents such as Ca (calcium) and Mg (magnesium) react with certain components of the detergent, the fabrics may become encrusted (calcium and detergent deposits) after a number of washes. These give the fabrics a greyish colour and make them rough to the touch, as well as reducing their capacity for absorption significantly. This phenomenon is especially noticeable in the case of terrycloth garments (shower robes, towels etc.), causing them to lose their particular properties and to wear out faster.

Quantities recommended by the producers

Normal/concentrated detergent: 150 - 300 g. / 15 g. per 15l. H2O

Obviously, appliances designed with reduced consumption in mind (energy label) and belonging to energy classes A, B, C and D are designed to wash using up to 50% less detergent than other appliances.

Powder detergents PRE-WASH DETERGENTS: # WITH ENZYMES COMPLETE DETERGENTS: # REDUCED-FOAM # EXTRA-FOAM (for hand washing) SPECIAL DETERGENTS: # FOR DELICATE FABRICS AND WOOL # FOR COLOURED FABRICS

Liquid detergents # FOR HDLD COLOUR-FAST COLOUREDS # FOR SYNTHETIC FIBRES # LDLD FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE WASHING (DELICATES) # FOR WOOL AND DELICATE SYNTHETIC FIBRES # FOR HEAVY-DUTY HAND- OR MACHINE WASHING # FOR PRE-TREATMENT OF PERSISTENT STAINS

Compact detergents # EXCELLENT FOR ALL WASHES - THE QUANTITY DEPENDS ON THE BRAND

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3.7.5 Washing additives

1. SOFTENER: (Cationic surface-active agent + fragrance): This additive is introduced automatically by the appliance during the final rinse. It softens the surface of the fabric, which thus remains soft to the touch and easier to iron. If used incorrectly before or during the wash, or if introduced too early into the tub by the water fill system, its action is rendered ineffective by the surface-active agents contained in the detergent.

2. BLEACH: (sodium hypochlorite) - Used for white fabrics, before the main wash cycle. 150 ml of bleach will be sufficient for a short, low-temperature wash. Care should be taken when bleaching: certain stains (blood, perspiration), if bleached before the enzyme-based function, may become permanently fixed to the fabric, giving an unsatisfactory washing result. In normal washes, the bleach must be introduced automatically by the washing machine during the first rinse, at the end of the washing phase and after the detergent has performed its functions, since it destroys the enzymes contained in the detergent. If the stains have already become permanent after a previous wash, they will be impossible to remove.

3. DELICATE BLEACH (hydrogen peroxide) - Oxygen is not as strong as chloride, especially if the water is very hard. It must always be used together with the detergent, both for hand washing and when using a washing machine. It may be used for pre-treatment, but always followed by a wash using detergent. It may be used at all temperatures and during the wash (together with detergent), or poured directly onto the fabrics.

3.7.6 Bleaching

Bleaching is generally performed after the wash (by hand or in a machine), except in the case of wine, tea or coffee stains etc. Light-sensitive stains (tomato etc.), if appearing on the fabrics after the wash, may disappear when the fabric is exposed to sunlight for a time (action of the sun's rays). If a white fabric is treated with a bleach and then exposed to sunlight, the optical effect may be cancelled, and yellowish stains may become noticeable. However, these will tend to disappear when the garment is no longer exposed to the sun.

Using bleaches

Various types of bleach exist to suit different conditions of use, since they remain active either within or in excess of certain temperatures.

Hypochlorite: must always be used cold (during the 1st rinse)

Peroxide: may be used above 60 during the washing phase

Delicate bleach (solid): a teaspoonful should be added to the detergent. Suitable for all types of fabrics, including coloureds. Active at medium and high temperatures.

Delicate bleach (liquid, i.e. hydrogen peroxide) should be introduced into the appropriate compartment.

Active perborate: active at temperatures in excess of 60C.

N.B. If hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite are used for bleaching, or in the presence of "activators" attached to the garments (ferrous accessories such as buttons, buckles, zips, hooks etc.), these may cause holes in the fabric or stiffness of the fibres due to re-deposited oxides which form the well-known "rust spots".

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3.8 The function of the water temperature

The variety and quality of natural and synthetic fibres which comprise the fabrics, which are sometimes present in percentages that are not declared correctly on the labels, make it necessary in many cases to use a detergent whose washing action is effective at low temperatures. As a result, the consumer today tends to use washing programmes with a maximum temperature of about 60C, partly due to increasing sensitivity to energy savings. Manufacturers of detergents, in line with this trend, have modified the quality of their products to meet this need, and frequently emphasize these characteristics in their promotional activities.

Temperature helps to dissolve the dirt (solvent effect)

Temperature facilitates and accelerates the chemical reactions, especially when bleaching.

The "CORRECT" temperature in the various phases of the washing cycle:

reduces the cohesion of the dirt facilitates the suspension of the dirt in the water facilitates the reaction of the alkalis (swelling the fabrics so that the dirt is dissolved more easily)

High temperatures do not facilitate the removal of all types of dirt; in fact, blood, egg-yolk, milk etc. are more easily removed if washed in cold water; if hot water is used, these stains adhere more strongly to the fibres and become more difficult to remove.

3.8.1 Using the correct temperature

The temperature of the washing solution is used to remove the dirt and to ensure hygiene.

HIGH TEMPERATURE = 80 - 90C

Suitable for difficult soiling: cotton and linen (whites) with bleach, perborate and hydrogen peroxide.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE = 50 - 60C (most washing cycles)

Suitable for washing colour-fast fabrics: cotton and linen (coloured) with hypochlorite-Based bleaches.

LOW TEMPERATURE = 30 - 40$C

Suitable for washing wool, synthetic fabrics, other delicate fibres, and for soaking of fabrics soiled with blood or protein-based substances.

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3.9 Washing machine programmes

Pre-wash (not for wool and, in some

cases, delicate fabrics)

1. Water fill with detergent introduced from the pre-wash compartment 2. Brief heating phase and hot wash (30 - 40C) 3. Drain 4. (Brief spin)

Wash

1. Water fill with detergent introduced from the wash compartment 2. Heating and hot wash - 30%90$C for cotton and linen - 30%60$C for synthetic fibres - 30%40$C for wool, silk and delicate fabrics 3. Maintenance phase (mechanical action after the heating phase) 4. Cooling water fill (in cotton cycles, reduces the temperature of the drain

water, in synthetic cycles as an anti-crease cycle) 5. Drain 6. Brief spin (cotton/linen only)

1st rinse 1. Water fill (and, if selected, introduction of bleach for cotton/linen only) 2. Cold wash 3. Drain 4. Brief intermediate spin (if selected - cotton/linen only)

2nd (3rd) rinse 1. Water fill 2. Cold wash 3. Drain 4. Brief intermediate spin (if selected - cotton/linen only)

Final rinse (softener) 1. Water fill to softener compartment 2. Cold wash

(Rinse-hold)

1. In cotton/linen cycles, the programme generally passes to the subsequent phase; it stops with water in the tub (rinse-hold) only if this function has been selected (certain models only)

2. The cycle generally stops with water in the tub (rinse-hold) for synthetic, delicates and wool cycles if there is no rinse-hold button or selector. If these are featured (rinse-hold, delicate spin, anti-crease etc.), the cycle may stop or pass to the subsequent phase according to the option selected.

Final spin

1. Drain 2. Final spin - at maximum speed for cotton/linen - brief and at reduced speed for synthetics, delicates and wool (certain

models only) STOP

Washer-dryers only:

Drying 1. Drying with heating at reduced power for cotton/linen; half-power for

synthetic fabrics 2. Cooling phase

STOP

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4 FRONT-LOADING WASHING MACHINE

1. Timer 2. Detergent dispenser 3. Steam venting hose 4. Pressure switch 5. Tub suspension spring 6. Tub 7. Detergent entry tube 8. Tube between solenoid and

detergent dispenser 9. Water fill solenoid 10. Water fill hose 11. Rear counterweight 12. Drum pulley 13. Bearings 14. Thermostat 15. Heating element 16. Drain hose 17. Motor pulley 18. Motor 19. Damper 20. Drain pump 21. Pressure chamber 22. Drain filter 23. Tube between tub and filter body 24. Door safety interlock 25. Porthole door 26. Bellows seal 27. Front counterweight 28. Drum

4.1 Traditional washing system

In a washing machine, the dirt in the fibres is removed by a combination of mechanical and chemical actions.

The solenoid valve ducts water through the detergent dispenser, where it collects the detergent and passes into the tub. The correct water level is controlled by one or more pressure switches.

The fabrics loaded into the drum are maintained in constant movement by the rotation of the drum. The particles of dirt, after being separated from the fibres of the fabric by the chemical action of the detergent and the temperature of the water, are removed by the passage of the water through the fibres. This action is obtained by a continuous series of immersions and agitations of the fabrics in the washing solution.

The heating element is switched on until the selected temperature is reached; the temperature of the water is controlled by thermostats or sensors.

At the end of the washing cycle, the dirty water is drained by the drain pump.

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4.1.1 Recovery of detergent loss from the circulation hose

1. Detergent dispenser 2. Drum 3. Tube between the tub and the filter body 4. Drain filter 5. Circulation hose

The water that passes through the re-circulation circuit during the movement of the drum - which acts as the impeller of a pump - prevents detergent residue from depositing in the lower section of the hydraulic circuit (filter body).

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4.2 Drain circuit with "ECO-BALL" ball valve

1. Timer 2. Detergent dispenser 3. Steam venting tube 4. Pressure switch 5. Tub suspension spring 6. Tub 7. Detergent entry tube 8. Tube between solenoid and detergent

dispenser 9. Solenoid valve 10. Water fill hose 11. Rear counterweight 12. Drum pulley 13. Bearings 14. Thermostat / temperature sensor 15. Heating element 16. Drain hose 17. Motor pulley 18. Motor 19. Damper 20. Drain pump 21. Pressure chamber 22. Drain filter 23. Tub drain hose 24. Sphere (eco-ball) 25. Door interlock 26. Porthole door 27. Door seal 28. Front counterweight 29. Drum

4.2.1 ECO-BALL ball valve

The "Eco-ball" valve consists of a sphere contained inside the tube that connects the tub to the filter body. Its purpose is to keep the washing water (contained in the tub) separate from the water in the drain circuit.

Advantages with respect to a conventional circuit:

Energy savings: the water inside the drain circuit is not heated. The detergent does not deposit on the filter body, thus improving the quality of the wash (reduction in

mechanical detergent losses). Better rinsing efficiency.

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4.2.2 Ball valve: operating principle

During the water fill and washing phases, the sphere is raised by the water contained in the drain circuit to the uppermost position, thus preventing water from passing between the tub and the filter body. To ensure correct operation of the system, it is important to ensure that the drain hose is always correctly connected to the corresponding support on the rear panel (at a height of at least 60 cm.).

During the drain phases, the suction effect created by the operation of the pump causes the sphere to move downwards, thus allowing the water to flow through the drain circuit.

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4.3 JETSYSTEM washing system

In the "Jetsystem" washing system, considering that the removal of the dirt is performed solely by the water that passes through the fibres, the remaining part of the washing solution has been eliminated.

In other words, this system is based on the possibility of washing the fabrics using only the water used to wet them; the quantity of water introduced into the appliance is therefore proportional to the type and quantity of the fabrics in the drum.

The water is introduced by the solenoid valve; its level is controlled by a pressure switch.

The water present in the bottom of the tub is circulated by a pump, which ducts it to the fabrics through an aperture in the bellows seal (or through an aperture in the upper section of the tub).

The mechanical action is provided by the bi-directional rotation of the drum at low speed; the wash load is continuously rotated inside the drum by three drum lifters.

4.3.1 JETSYSTEM hydraulic circuit (first version)

1. Water fill solenoid valve 2. Detergent dispenser 3. Tube from detergent dispenser to tub 4. Tub 5. Drum 6. Drum lifter 7. Tube between tub and filter body 8. Filter body 9. Tube between filter body and

circulation pump 10. Circulation pump 11. Circulation tube 12. Thermostat 13. Heating element 14. Steam venting tube 15. Drain pump

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4.3.2 Jetsystem DIRECT SPRAY washing system (current production)

1. Water fill solenoid 2. Detergent dispenser 3. Tube from detergent dispenser to tub 4. Tub 5. Drum 6. Drum lifter 7. Tube between tub and filter body 8. Filter body 9. Tube between filter body/circulation pump 10. Circulation pump 11. Circulation tube 12. Door seal 13. Heating element 14. Thermostat 15. Drain pump

4.3.3 Circuit with heat exchanger (certain older models only)

1. Water fill solenoid 2. Detergent dispenser 3. Tube from detergent dispenser to tub 4. Tub 5. Drum 6. Drum lifter 7. Tube between tub and filter body 8. Filter body 9. Motor 10. Circulation pump 11. Circulation tube 12. Door seal 13. Heat exchanger 14. Thermostat 15. Drain pump

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4.3.4 NEW JET recirculation circuitP63BD version (large door)

1. Water fill solenoid 2. Detergent dispenser 3. Tube from detergent

dispenser to tub 4. Tub 5. Drum 6. Drain hose 7. Drain filter 8. Drain pump 9. Tube between tub and filter

body 10. Circulation pump intake tube 11. Circulation pump 12. Circulation tube 13. Heating element

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5 WASHER-DRYERS

5.1 Drying system

! The drying system is based on forced-air circulation with water-jet condensation. The maximum drying capacity is equivalent to half the maximum load of dry washing. If a full load is washed, two drying cycles are necessary. If a half-load is washed, the drying cycle can be programmed for automatic execution at the end of the washing cycle.

! During the drying phases, the drum rotates in alternate directions at low speed. The fan ducts the heated air from the heating elements to the inside of the tub, where it removes the humidity from the washing. The cold-water jet, coming into contact with the hot and humid air, generates a heat exchange and thus condenses the humidity. The cooled, dry air is ducted back to the fan, again heated by the heating element, and is then circulated back into the drum.

! In cycles for SYNTHETIC fibres, only one branch of the heating element is switched on (half power). In COTTON cycles, both branches are powered (full power).

! The cooling water and condensation are drained off by the drain pump. ! During the last few minutes of the drying cycle, the heating elements are switched off, while the fan

continues to operate in order to complete the cooling phase.

5.2 Drying circuit (type "A" condenser)

1. Fan 2. Fan motor 3. Heating element casing 4. Drying heaters 5. Duct 6. Door seal 7. Tub 8. Tube between tub and condenser 9. Drying condenser 10. Coupling 11. Water fill solenoid 12. Water fill hose to condenser 13. Steam venting tube 14. Air-break 15. Drain filter 16. Drain pump

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5.3 Drying circuit (type "B" condenser)

1. Fan 2. Fan motor 3. Drying heaters 4. Heating element casing 5. Duct 6. Door seal 7. Tub 8. Tube between tub and condenser 9. Drying condenser 10. Coupling 11. Water fill solenoid 12. Condenser fill hose and steam vent 13. Drain filter 14. Drain pump

5.3.1 HP version

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6 STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

6.1 NEXUS technology

These appliances are produced using the NEXUS technology, a patented system consisting of five sub-assemblies:

Base Cabinet Control panel support Washing group Work-top

1. Base 2. Front cabinet shell 3. Rear cabinet shell 4. Control panel support 5. Work-top 6. Washing group 7. Suspension spring 8. Damper 9. Detergent dispenser 10. Drain filter body

1. Control panel 2. Front cabinet shell 3. Base 4. Main PCB 5. Tub 6. Pressure switch tubes 7. Pressure chamber 8. Tube between tub and filter body 9. Temperature sensor 10. Motor 11. Drive belt 12. Drum pulley 13. Rear counterweight 14. Cable clamp 15. Solenoid valve 16. Control panel support 17. Detergent dispenser 18. Main terminal block 19. Pressure switch 20. Drain hose

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6.1.1 Washing machine with 32 cm-depth cabinet

1. Front cabinet shell 2. Tub 3. Drum rotation motor 4. Drain pump 5. Damper 6. Heating element 7. Thermostat 8. Pressure switch 9. Capacitor/suppressor 10. Base

6.2 Base 1. Base 2. Filter body 3. Drain pump 4. Dampers

The base is built in "CARBORAN", a specially-developed plastic. As well as the two cabinet shells, the filter body, drain pump, dampers and (if featured) the circulation pump and motor control system are all housed in the base.

6.3 Control panel support

1. Timer 2. Adjustable thermostat 3. Push-button 4. Detergent dispenser

The control panel support (in galvanized sheet metal) is secured by a series of screws to the two cabinet shells. Several components are fitted to the support: timer, adjustable thermostat, pushbuttons, capacitor, pressure switches, detergent dispenser and control panel. Also secured to the support are the two suspension springs for the washing group.

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6.4 Cabinet The cabinet consists of two half-shells in enamelled sheet metal, which are secured to a Carboran base. The support cross-member (in galvanized sheet metal) is screwed to the upper section of the cabinet. The work-top is screwed to the rear section of the cabinet shell. Under-counter versions are fitted with tops in galvanized sheet metal.

The cabinets are available in a range of different versions that can be installed in any part of the home (bathroom, kitchen, etc.): 32cm (P66) 42/45cm (P61) 52/54cm (P65) 57/60cm (P62, without plinth) 57/60cm (RIM) 57/60cm (P63, with plinth) 62 cm (NEAT) 6.4.1 Types of cabinet

Types of cabinet and dimensions in cm (HxWxD) (the height includes the 3cm top, if featured))

P61soft (85x60x45)

P63soft (85x60x57)

P65soft (85x60x54)

NEAT (85x60x62)

P61 square (85x60x42)

P63soft (large door) (85x60x57)

P65 square (85x60x52)

P63 double door (85x60x57)

P62 soft (85x60x57)

P63 soft (85x60x57)

P66 (85x60x32)

RIM (85x60x57)

P62 square (85x60x57)

P63 soft (large door) (85x60x57)

P66 built-in (78x60x32)

P64 built-in (82x60x54)

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P63 square P62 (P65) soft

P62 INPUT NEAT(JETSY- IZ)

RIM P63 soft - large door

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6.5 Porthole door

Several types of porthole door may be fitted: " standard (26 cm) or large (30 cm) " angle of aperture (130$ or 180$) " alignment with front panel (flush or protruding) " differently-styled surrounds " type of aperture (various handles, or button on control panel) 6.5.1 Examples of porthole doors

1. Front surround 2. Door glass 3. Rear surround 4. Hinge 5. Masking plate 6. Handle 7. Hinge pin 8. Latch 9. Spring 10. Flange

6.5.1.1 Handle assembly

1. Front surround 2. Rear surround 3. Latch 4. Hinge pin 5. Latch spring

1. Handle 2. Hinge pin 3. Latch 4. Latch spring 5. Handle spring (certain models only)

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6.5.2 Porthole door with button-actioned aperture

On certain models, the door can be opened by pressing a button on the control panel. All models with the P66 (32 cm) cabinet are fitted with this feature.

1. Door aperture button 2. Spring 3. Support 4. Wire 5. Lever 6. Door safety interlock 7. Latch aperture lever 8. Control panel support

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6.6 Control panel

The plastic control panel is secured to the control panel support by anchor tabs and one or more screws. The shape of the control panel depends on the styling and therefore the brand of the appliance. Various types of control panels are available for each styling, each fitted with a different number of buttons and knobs.

6.6.1 Examples of control panels

ALFA

DELTA3

ELIPSE

GAMMA

MULTIPANEL

AEG SIGMA

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6.7 Washing groups

The washing group is suspended from the support cross-member by two helical springs. The oscillation of the washing group is absorbed by the two dampers attached to the base. Balancing of the washing group is provided by a front counterweight in cement and by a rear counterweight. Some models are not fitted with the rear counterweight.

6.7.1 Damper

1. Rubber vibration damper 2. Shaft 3. Shaft seals 4. Cylinder

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6.7.2 Types of washing groups

Appliances in the NEXUS range may be fitted with washing groups of varying dimensions and spin speeds.

CARBORAN Load capacity (cotton) Type Rated Max. Drum volume

G17 3 Kg 3,5 Kg 26 l G18 4 Kg 4,5 Kg 38 l G19 4,5 Kg 5 Kg 42 l G20 5 Kg 5,5 Kg 46 l G21 5,5 Kg 6,5 Kg 54 l

STAINLESS STEEL (not used for new models) Load capacity (cotton) Type Rated Max. Drum volume

G10 4 Kg 4,5 Kg 38 l G11 4,5 Kg 5 Kg 42 l G12 5 Kg 5,5 Kg 46 l G13 5,5 Kg 6,5 Kg 54 l

Spin speed Residual humidity Efficiency of spin 400 500 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

85 % 78 % 66 % 60 % 53 % 52 % 44 %

F E D C B B A

CARBORAN STAINLESS STEEL

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6.7.3 Washing group in Carboran

The tub consists of two half-shells in Carboran, secured together by a series of self-tapping screws. The two counterweights are screwed to the half-shells. The bellows seal is secured to the front half-shell by a metal elastic ring.

1. Front half-shell 2. O-ring 3. Rear half-shell 4. Drum 5. Front counterweight 6. Counterweight anchor

screw 7. Bellows seal 8. Ring securing the seal to

the tub 9. Ring securing the seal to

the cabinet 10. Rear counterweight 11. Washing group

suspension springs 12. Damper 13. Damper hinge pin 14. Half-shell anchor screws

6.7.3.1 Support for bearings

1. Rear tub shell 2. Bearing support 3. Drum shaft 4. External bearing 5. Internal bearing 6. Drum shaft bushing 7. Drum shaft seal 8. Drum 9. Ring

Single-bearing version

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6.7.4 Stainless steel washing group

1. Tub casing 2. Band spring 3. Tub support band 4. Drum 5. Flange seal 6. Front flange 7. Front counterweight 8. Retaining ring

9. Ring securing the seal to the tub 10. Bellows seal 11. Ring securing the seal to the cabinet 12. Rear counterweight 13. Tub spider 14. Idle pulley 15. Motor

Spider with two bearings Single-bearing spider

1. Tub spider 2. Internal bearing 3. External bearing 4. Seal

1. Tub spider 2. Bearing 3. Seal 4. Ring

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6.7.5 Drum

The drum consists of a stainless steel casing to which the two flanges are crimped. Three Carboran lifters are pressure-fitted to the internal face of the drum. The drum spider, in aluminium alloy, is secured to the edge of the drum by screws. A brass bushing is pressure-fitted to the drum shaft.

1. Drum casing 2. Flange 3. Drum lifter 4. Drum spider 5. Screws 6. Drum shaft 7. Drum shaft bushing

Drum spider

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6.7.6 Drum rotation drive belt

These appliances are fitted with elastic drive belts. The motor is mounted in a fixed position, and no regulation is possible.

1. Motor pulley 2. Elastic drive belt 3. Drum pulley

Different types of drive belts, produced by various manufacturers and with different characteristics, are used in production:

" rubber belts (black) " plastic belts (yellow)

The length marked on the drive belt (1217, 1280 etc.) is the working length based on the belt mounted on the pulleys, which is calculated according to the following parameters:

& D = diameter of drum pulley & de = diameter of motor pulley I = centre-line distance between the pulleys

For a given working length, the belts - which consist of different materials - have a different degree of elasticity. This means that, when not fitted to the appliance, their lengths may be different. It is normal that the length of a plastic belt not fitted to the pulleys is three or four centimetres greater than that of a rubber belt.

The belts are of the poly-V type, and are marked with two further parameters:

" shape of the drive belt (J / H) " number of teeth (4, 5, 6, 8)

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6.8 Detergent dispenser

6.8.1 Detergent dispenser with distribution levers This type of detergent dispenser is used in models featuring: " electromechanical timers " hybrid timers " MWM electronic control systems, which feature an electromechanical distributor for movement of the

levers

Two versions of this dispenser exist: one is larger, the other is of reduced size (ecological).

6.8.1.1 Operating principle

Irrespective of the shape of the detergent dispenser, the operating principle remains the same: The water is ducted through the intake nozzle to the distributor. According to the position of the timer camme during the washing cycle, the distributor ensures that the water is ducted through only one channel of the feed duct, so that the detergent is removed from the appropriate compartment only.

1. Duct 2. Water intake 3. Distributor 4. Eccentric camme 5. Timer 6. Camme 7. Lever mechanism 8. Detergent drawer 9. Detergent dispenser

1. Cold water solenoid valve 2. Hot water solenoid valve (not all models) 3. Water distributor 4. Water distribution ducts 5. Detergent drawer

SOI/DT 2002-05 eb 43 599 35 23-17

"LONG" DISPENSER "SHORT" DISPENSER (ecological)

1. Fill hose 2. Washer 3. Cable clamp 4. Extension hose 5. Water fill solenoid

(cold) 6. Water fill solenoid

(hot) (certain models only)

7. Dispenser nozzle 8. Water distributor 9. Dispenser duct 10. Detergent dispenser

11. Detergent drawer 12. Siphon for additives 13. Spring 14. Distributor pin 15. Eccentric lever

regulation camme 16. Lever arm 17. Camme 18. Timer 19. Detergent entry tube 20. Clip 21. Steam venting tube

1. Fill hose 2. Washer 3. Cable clamp 4. Extension hose 5. Water fill solenoid

(cold) 6. Water fill solenoid

(hot) (certain models only)

7. Dispenser nozzle 8. Water distributor 9. Dispenser duct 10. Detergent dispenser

11. Detergent drawer 12. Siphon for additives 13. Spring 14. Distributor pin 15. Eccentric lever

regulation camme 16. Lever arm 17. Camme 18. Timer 19. Detergent entry tube 20. Clip 21. Steam venting tube 22. Solenoid valve support

Detergent dispenser Detergent dispenser 3 compartments 4 compartments 3 compartments 4 compartments

SOI/DT 2002-05 eb 44 599 35 23-17

6.8.2 Detergent dispenser with multiple-outlet solenoid valve ("long"