Zero Energy water Pump project

7/31/2019 Zero Energy water Pump project

1/17

CONTENTS OF LATH MACHINE

Introduction of Lath Machine

Terminology of Lath Machine

Types of Lath Machine

Tools And Equipment

1. General Purpose Cutting Tools

2. Special Types of Cutting Tools

Cutting Fluids

1. Lard Oil

2. Mineral Oil

3. Mineral-lard Cutting Oil Mixture

4. Sulfurized Fatty Mineral Oil

5. Soluble Cutting Oil

6. Soda-Water Mixture


2/17

INTRODUCTIONOF LATH MACHINE

The lathe is a machine tool used principally for shaping articles ofmetal (and sometimes wood or other materials) by causing the work pieceto be held and rotated by the lathe while a tool bit is advanced into thework causing the cutting action. The basic lathe that was designed to cutcylindrical metal stock has been developed further to produce screwthreads. Tapered work. Drilled holes. knurled surfaces, and crankshafts.The typical lathe provides a variety of rotating speeds and a means tomanually and automatically move the cutting tool into the work piece.

Machinists and maintenance shop personnel must be thoroughly familiarwith the lathe and its operations to accomplish the repair and fabricationof needed parts.


3/17

TERMINOLOGYOF LATH MACHINE

To gain a good understanding of the lathe, you will need to know thenames of the various components, as illustrated below. The carriage, inthe circled area, consists of the apron, the vertical casting on which thecarriage handwheel is mounted, and the saddle (not shown), the H-shaped casting that rides on the ways to which the apron is attached.


4/17

TYPESOF LATH MACHINE

Lathes can be divided into three types for easy identification:

Engine Lath Machine

Turret Lath Machine

Special Purpose Lath Machine

operator can accomplish more machining jobs with the engine

lathes, turret lathes, and special purpose lathes. Small engine lathe than

with any other machine tool. Turret lathes lathes can be bench mounted,

are lightweight, and can be and special purpose lathes are usually usedin production or transported in wheeled vehicles easily. The larger lathes

are job shops for mass production or specialized parts. While floor

mounted and may require special transportation if they basic engine

lathes are usually used for any type of lathe must be moved. Field and

maintenance shops generally use a work. Further reference to lathes in

this chapter will be about lathe that can be adapted to many operations

and that is not too the various engine lathes. large to be moved from onework site to another.

The engine lathe is ideally suited for this purpose. A trained Lathes can

be divided into three types for easy identification: operator can

accomplish more machining jobs with the engine lathes, turret lathes, and

special purpose lathes. Small engine lathe than with any other machine

tool. Turret lathes lathes can be bench mounted, are lightweight, and can

be and special purpose lathes are usually used in production or

transported in wheeled vehicles easily. The larger lathes are job shops formass production or specialized parts. While floor mounted and may

require special transportation if they basic engine lathes are usually used

for any type of lathe must be moved. Field and maintenance shops

generally use a work. Further reference to lathes in this chapter will be

about lathe that can be adapted to many operations and that is not too

the various engine lathes.


5/17

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

[1] GENERAL

PURPOSE

CUTTING

TOOLS

:The lathe cutting tool or tool bit must be made of the correct material

and ground to the correct angles to machine a workpiece efficiently. The

most common tool bit is the general all-purpose bit made of high-speed

steel. These tool bits are generally inexpensive, easy to grind on a bench

or pedestal grinder, take lots of abuse and wear, and are strong enough

for all-around repair and fabrication. High-speed steel tool bits can handle

the high heat that is generated during cutting and are not changed after

cooling. These tool bits are used for turning, facing, boring and other lathe

operations. Tool bits made from special materials such as Single point

tool bits can be one end of a high-speed steel tool bit or one edge of a

carbide or ceramic cutting tool or insert. Basically, a single point cutter bit

is a tool that has only one cutting action proceeding at a time. A machinist

or machine operator should know the various terms applied to the single

point tool bit to properly identify and grind different tool bits The shank is

the main body of the tool bit. The nose is the part of the tool bit which isshaped to a carbides, ceramics, diamonds, cast alloys are able to

machine workplaces at very high speeds but are brittle and expensive

point and forms the corner between the side cutting edge for normal lathe

work. High-speed steel tool bits are and the end cutting edge. The nose

radius is the rounded end of the tool bit. available in many shapes and

sizes to accommodate any lathe operation.

Single Point Tools Bits

Angle of Tools Bits

Shapes of Tools Bits


6/17

[2] SPECIAL TYPESOF LATH CUTTING TOOLS :

Besides the common shaped tool bits, special lathe operations and

heavy production work require special types of cutting tools. Some of the

more common of these tools are listed below. Tungsten carbide, tantalum

carbide, titanium carbide. ceramic, oxide, and diamond-tipped tool bits.And cutting tool inserts are commonly used in high-speed production

work when heavy cuts are necessary and where exceptionally hard and

tough materials are encountered. Standard shapes for tipped tool bits are

similar to high-speed steel-cutting tool shapes. Carbide and ceramic

inserts can be square, triangular, round, or other shapes. The inserts are

designed to be indexed or rotated as each cutting edge gets dull and then

discarded. Cutting tool inserts are not intended for reuse after sharpening.Specially formed thread cutter mounted in a thread cutter holder .This

tool is designed for production highspeed thread cutting operations. The

special design of the cutter allows for sharp and strong cutting edges

which need only to be resharpened occasionally by grinding the face. The

cutter mounts into a special tool holder that mounts to the lathe tool post.

The common knurling tool, Figure 7-10, consists of two cylindrical cutters,

called knurls, which rotate in a specially designed tool holder. The knurlscontain teeth which are rolled against the surface of the workpiece to form

depressed patterns on the workpiece. The common knurling tool accepts

different pairs of knurls, each having a different pattern or pitch. The

diamond pattern is most widely used and comes in three pitches: 14, 21,

or 33. These pitches produce coarse, medium, and fine knurled patterns.

Boring tool bits, Figure 7-11, are ground similar to left-hand turning tool

bits and thread-cutting tool bits, but with more end clearance angle toprevent the heel of the tool bit from rubbing against the surface of the

bored hole. The boring tool bit is usually clamped to a boring tool holder,

but it can be a one-piece unit . The boring tool bit and tool holder clamp

into the lathe tool post.


7/17

CUTTING FLUIDS

[1] LARD CUTTING OIL :

Pure lard oil is one of the oldest and best cutting oils. It is especially

good for thread cutting, tapping, deep hole drilling, and reaming. Lard oil

has a high degree of adhesion or oiliness, a relatively high specific heat,

and its fluidity changes only slightly with temperature. It is an excellent

rust preventive and produces a smooth finish on the workpiece. Because

lard oil is expensive, it is seldom used in a pure state but is combined with

other ingredients to form good cutting oil mixtures

[2] MINERALCUTTING OIL :

Mineral oils are petroleum-base oils that range in viscosity from

kerosene to light paraffin oils. Mineral oil is very stable and does not

develop disagreeable odors like lard oil; however, it lacks some of the

good qualities of lard oil such as adhesion, oiliness, and high specific

heat. Because it is relatively inexpensive, it is commonly mixed with lardoil or other chemicals to provide cutting oils with desirable characteristics.

Two mineral oils, kerosene and turpentine, are often used alone for

machining aluminum and magnesium. Paraffin oil is used alone or with

lard oil for machining copper and brass.

[3] MINERA-LARD CUTTING OIL MIXTURE :

Various mixtures of mineral oils and lard oil are used to make cutting

oils which combine the good points of both ingredients but prove more

economical and often as effective as pure lard oil.


8/17

[4] SULFURIZED FATTY-MINERAL OIL :

Most good cutting oils contain mineral oil and lard oil with various

amounts of sulfur and chlorine which give the oils good antiweld

properties and promote free machining. These oils play an important part

in present-day machining because they provide good finishes on most

materials and aid the cutting of tough material.

[5] SOLUBLE CUTTING OIL :

Water is an excellent cooling medium but has little lubricating value

and hastens rust and corrosion. Therefore, mineral oils or lard oils which

can be mixed with water are often used to form a cutting oil. A soluble oiland water mix has lubricating qualities dependent upon the strength of

the solution. Generally, soluble oil and water is used for rough cutting

where quick dissipation of heat is most important. Borax and trisodium

phosphate (TSP) are sometimes added to the solution to improve its

corrosion resistance

[6] SODA-WATER MIXTURE :

Salts such as soda ash and TSP are sometimes added to water to

help control rust. This mixture is the cheapest of all coolants and has

practically no lubricating value. Lard oil and soap in small quantities are

sometimes added to the mixture to improve its lubricating qualities.

Generally, soda water is used only where cooling is the prime

consideration and lubrication a secondary consideration. It is especiallysuitable in reaming and threading operations on cast iron where a better

finish is desired.


9/17


10/17

CONTENTS OF CNC LATH MACHINE

Introduction of Lath Machine

Before Beginning to Step

Safety Features Overview And Precautions

Component connection Schematic Diagram

G Codes Of CNC Lath Machine

M Codes Of CNC Lath Machine


11/17

INTRODUCTIONOF CNC LATH MACHINE

The is compact two axis CNC training machine. It has beendesigned with you in mind - making the processes involved both safe andeasy to use.

Main Features: Designed specifically for Education and Training. Manufactured to Industrial Standards. Capable of cutting resistant materials such as wax, plastics, acrylics,copper, aluminium and steel. Links to various CAD/CAM software packages.

Totally enclosed high visibility interlocked guard. CE approved for safety. Programming via International Standards Organisation format. Optional 8 station programmable turret available. Option of including in Flexible Manufacturing Cells and ComputerIntegrated Manufacturing systems


12/17

BEFORE BEGINNING TO SETUP

Before beginning to setup your CNC lathe, please check your separateorder documentation, making sure that all items have been delivered toyour establishment. Any missing or damaged items should be reported toDenford Customer Services as soon as possible. The followingequipment is supplied as standard with your CNC lathe: CNC lathe (incl. separate electrical control box). Note that the precisespecification of your Novaturn will depend on any options selected at thetime of ordering (see below). 1 x Guard door interlock switch - torx bit. 1 x Electrical control box key. 1 x 80mm 3 jaw chuck key.

1 x Set of internal and external jaws. 1 x Quick change (manual) toolpost, standard toolholder and toolposthex wrench. 1 x RS 232 serial link cable (25-25 or 25-9 pin connection)*. 1 x Set of metric allen keys (1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 4mm,5mm, 6mm) 1 x Set of fuses (20mm 3.15A, 20mm 6.3A) 1 x Novaturn CNC machine warranty pack.

1 x Novaturn CNC machine inspection certificate. 1 x Novaturn CNC machine manual (this book). 1 x CNC Machine Control Software manual. 1 x CNC Machine Control Software CD-ROM and/or floppy disks. 1 x Mousemat.The following optional equipment may also be supplied with yourNovaturn CNC lathe (please refer to your separate orderdocumentation for confirmation):

Programmable Turret (Automatic Tool Changer) in place ofstandard Manual Toolpost. Pneumatic Safety Guard Door. Pneumatic Chuck. Electrical Control Box with Air Connection. Various Tooling Packages. CAD/CAM Software.


13/17

Safety Features Overview

Safety Features Overview.

The following safety features are standard on your Novaturn CNC lathe: Emergency stop button. Totally enclosed high visibility guard door with interlock switch. Toolpath graphics to verify program prior to machining. Isolator switch.

Safety Precautions.

Safety is very important when working with all forms of machinery butparticularly when working with CNC equipment, due to the hazardousvoltages, speeds and forces that exist in the hardware. Follow the rulesbelow at all times, when using your Novaturn CNC lathe. General SafetyPrecautions : Wear clothing suitable for machine operation and follow the safeworking procedures in place at your establishment. Do not place any objects so that they interfere with the guards or

the operation of the machine. Never try to clean the machine if any part of it is rotating or inmotion. Always secure the work in the chuck (and if necessary, tailstock). Ensure that the correct cable for the power source is used. Ensure the power is switched off before starting any maintenancework on the machine. If power fails turn off the yellow/red isolator (found on the front of

the electrical control box) immediately. Hazardous voltages can still exist immediately after switching theelectrical control box isolator to the OFF position. Always wait atleast 5 minutes before entering the electrical control box. Lubricate the required machine areas at the intervals specified inthis manual, to prevent the axes from seizing (see theMaintenance section for further details).


14/17

Component Connection Schematic Diagram


15/17

G CODES LISTOF CNC LATH MACHINE

G Code Group FunctionG* ....... 1 ............... Positioning (Rapid Traverse)

G1 ......... 1 ............... Linear Interpolation (Feed)

G2 ......... 1 ............... Circular Interpolation CW

G3 ......... 1 ............... Circular Interpolation CCW

G4 ......... .............. Dwell

G2 ......... 6 ............... Inch Data Input

G21*......... 6 ............... Metric Data InputG28 .......... .............. Reference Point Return

G4* ........ 7 ...............Tool Nose Radius Compensation Cancel

G41 .......... 7 ...............Tool Nose Radius Compensation Left

G42 .......... 7 ...............Tool Nose Radius Compensation Right

G5 ......... ..............Work Co-ordinate Change/ Max. Spindle Speed

G7 ......... .............. Finishing Cycle

G71 .......... .............. Stock Removal in Turning - XG72 .......... .............. Stock Removal in Facing - Z

G73 .......... .............. Pattern Repeating

G74 .......... .............. Peck Drilling in Z Axis

G75 .......... .............. Grooving in X Axis

G76 .......... .............. Multiple Thread Cutting Cycle

G81 .......... 1 ............... Deep hole drilling (No FANUC)

G9 ......... 1 ............... Diameter Cutting Cycle A (Outer/Inner)G92 .......... 1 ............... Thread Cutting Cycle

G94 .......... 1 ............... Cutting Cycle B (End Face Cycle)

G96 .......... 2 ............... Assessed Surface Speed Control

G97*......... 2 ............... Assessed Surface Speed Control Cancel

G98*......... 11 .............Feed Per Minute

G99 .......... 11 .............Feed Per Revolution


16/17

M CODES LISTOF CNC LATH MACHINE

M code ... Function

M* ..... Program stopM1*...... Optional stop

M2*...... End of program

M3 ....... Spindle forward (clockwise)

M4 ....... Spindle reverse (counter clockwise)

M5*...... Spindle stop

M6 ....... Automatic tool change

M8 ....... Coolant on

M9*...... Coolant offM1 .......Chuck open

M11 ........ Chuck close

M13........ Spindle forward and coolant on

M14........ Spindle reverse and coolant on

M25........Tailstock quill extend

M26........Tailstock quill retract

M3 ....... Program stop and resetM38........ Door open

M39........ Door close

M4 ....... Parts catcher extend

M41........ Parts catcher retract

M62........ Auxiliary output 1 on

M63........ Auxiliary output 2 on

M64........ Auxiliary output 1 off

M65........ Auxiliary output 2 offM66* ......Wait for auxiliary output 1 on

M67* ......Wait for auxiliary output 2 on

M76........Wait for auxiliary output 1 off

M77........Wait for auxiliary output 2 off

M98........ Sub program callM99........ Sub program end and return


17/17

CNC Machine

Date post:	05-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	vickram-jain
View:	216 times
Download:	0 times

Zero Energy water Pump project

Documents