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Vegetation, the Water-cycle and Earth Electric Rein André ROOS RE(C)ENTRE, Quintessence Innovation La Pichotière, 61340 Nocé, France. [email protected] Summary Quintessence Dynamics, the Fifth Movement, makes us understand the mechanisms involved in environmental problems. It sees the Earth as a Solar-wind powered electrical discharge gap which current is modulated by the Moon. This explains why a cold Sun, full of spots, warms the Earth and a hot Sun cools it. It explains the influence of radio-activity, chlorofluorocarbons, oceanic phyto-plankton, planetary Blue Haze, ozone layer depletion on Global Warming. Hot and cold fronts, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, waste disposal, nuclear winter, urban expansion and even bio-diversity, they all are given their right place in the atmospheric pandemonium. The electrical discharge gap current produces Natural fertilizer. The abundant use of artificial fertilizer increases the CO2 level. The synergy between the new Blue Haze pollution and its terrifying impact on health is clear when recycling, water pollution and genetic manipulation are taken into account. The Corona current forces the gap to take one of the 4 Elementary directions: 1 Fire Element: Lightning, 2 Exchange Element: Global Blue Haze, 3 Water Element: Torrential rain, and 4 Wind Element: the Fujita-Schauberger, F6S storms. SECTION I Thévenin's Regime I-01 The Global Climate Controverse Well known is figure 01A01 used for the Earth's Energy Budget. This accounts how much Solar heat and light comes into the Earth's climate system, and how much returns to space. A lot of research has be done to quantify these amounts with as goal to understand global warming. Climate is defined as the mean of the weather components during a period of at least 30 years. These components depend basically on Nature, but half a century of confusion made that the public is now convinced that global warming is caused by the CO2 gas produced by mankind. Not every body agrees with this idea, so rapidly two camps profiled: One camp based on Nigel Calder points towards a new Ice-Age. Global Warming says ex-iceman Hubert Lamb, meteorologist, founder of the Climate Research Center (CRU) who is the other camp, fig. 01A03. It was in 1904 that V. Bjerknes showed the fundements of the direction modern meteorology should take. It was based on temperature and pressure, treated as hydro dynamics, as was shown by him and his father on the International Exposition of Electricity in Paris (1881), fig. 01A04. Since the end of the 19 th century, modern meteorology is still based on the works of Herz and Bjerknes 1898. The different divisions of physics go in one branche: (Hydro) Mechanics. For them the atmosphere is a mechanically stirred vessel where electricity and astronomy have no place. Milanković, 1912, noticed that meteorology had its limits concerning the Earth Energy Budget. So he calculated the Milanković cycles, taking in account Astro Dynamics. These showed
Transcript

Vegetation, the Water-cycle and Earth Electric Rein André ROOS

RE(C)ENTRE, Quintessence Innovation La Pichotière, 61340 Nocé, France.

[email protected]

Summary Quintessence Dynamics, the Fifth Movement, makes us understand the mechanisms involved in

environmental problems. It sees the Earth as a Solar-wind powered electrical discharge gap which current ismodulated by the Moon. This explains why a cold Sun, full of spots, warms the Earth and a hot Sun cools it.

It explains the influence of radio-activity, chlorofluorocarbons, oceanic phyto-plankton, planetaryBlue Haze, ozone layer depletion on Global Warming. Hot and cold fronts, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,forest fires, waste disposal, nuclear winter, urban expansion and even bio-diversity, they all are given theirright place in the atmospheric pandemonium.

The electrical discharge gap current produces Natural fertilizer. The abundant use of artificialfertilizer increases the CO2 level. The synergy between the new Blue Haze pollution and its terrifying impacton health is clear when recycling, water pollution and genetic manipulation are taken into account.

The Corona current forces the gap to take one of the 4 Elementary directions: 1 Fire Element:Lightning, 2 Exchange Element: Global Blue Haze, 3 Water Element: Torrential rain, and 4 Wind Element:the Fujita-Schauberger, F6S storms.

SECTION I Thévenin's Regime

I-01 The Global Climate Controverse

Well known is figure 01A01 used for the Earth's Energy Budget. This accounts how muchSolar heat and light comes into the Earth's climate system, and how much returns to space. A lot ofresearch has be done to quantify these amounts with as goal to understand global warming.

Climate is defined as the mean of the weather components during a period of at least 30years. These components depend basically on Nature, but half a century of confusion made that thepublic is now convinced that global warming is caused by the CO2 gas produced by mankind.

Not every body agrees with this idea, so rapidly two camps profiled: One camp based onNigel Calder points towards a new Ice-Age. Global Warming says ex-iceman Hubert Lamb,meteorologist, founder of the Climate Research Center (CRU) who is the other camp, fig. 01A03.

It was in 1904 that V. Bjerknes showed the fundements of the direction modern meteorologyshould take. It was based on temperature and pressure, treated as hydro dynamics, as was shown byhim and his father on the International Exposition of Electricity in Paris (1881), fig. 01A04.

Since the end of the 19th century, modern meteorology is still based on the works of Herzand Bjerknes 1898. The different divisions of physics go in one branche: (Hydro) Mechanics. Forthem the atmosphere is a mechanically stirred vessel where electricity and astronomy have no place.

Milanković, 1912, noticed that meteorology had its limits concerning the Earth EnergyBudget. So he calculated the Milanković cycles, taking in account Astro Dynamics. These showed

Major Ice ages with a frequency of 25,000 years independent of what happend on Earth. Bjerknes pupil, Rossby, added the Rossby waves (1939). These waves, like the jet stream

over Hawaii are the consequences of the Coreolis effect. After his death, it are Bolin and Erikson1959 opening a new direction for meteorology: The CO2 climate scenario which became the IPCC.

They followed idea's of Revell and measurements by Keeling. This is now for over twogenerations the source of inspiration for Meteorology and Geo Engineering. But it remains strangethat these measurements, one of the worlds most active volcanos on Hawaii was chosen.

Unfortunately the both the Calder camp and the Lamb camp did so much fighting that theybecame deaf for arguments of the other side. They lost their Quintessence, which is clearly shownby their inability to come with adequate solutions concerning Earth related problems.

Tabel 01A10 : Problems related to the Earth. Pollution, Global Warming, Intensiveagriculture caused by population increase, Natural Resource Depletion, Waste Disposal, ClimateChange, Loss of Biodiversity, Deforestation, Ocean Acidification, Ozone Layer Depletion, AcidRain, Water Pollution, Urbanization spreading, Public Health Issues, Genetic Engineering

I-02 Using the Quintessence Key

By looking at the Earth Energy Budget diagram, nobody is able to verify its correctness inNature, we have to BELIEVE it. It is the same for the oscillation patterns of Milanković. But withthe front doors well locked, what about the back door, just near the trash cans? Our tool is Quintessence Key, an old well known one. The Latin word for five is Quint. TheClassic 4-Element System depended on weight, Earth the heaviest, water, air and fire the lightest.However this did not work, so Aristotle added a Fifth one: the Quintessence or Aether, fig 02A02.

Another Element System is used on the other side of the Silk Road. It are the 4 seasons. Byadding the Harvest season, they got also the Quintessence. They called it Qi or Chi as in Qi-gong.Also Ki, as in Aikido, is used. It is this Qi that provides the energy of the entire Universe.

Quintessence Dynamics, the Fifth Movement, makes it possible to understand themechanisms involved in a simple way. It sees the Sun, the Earth, the Moon and the Universe asElectronic components, interconnected by a « current » element the Quintessence.

Successfull element systems have a multitude of interrelation cycles, like the Five-ElementGenerating (Sheng) & Control (Ke) Cycles. Modern element systems, are often a simple summing-up atmos- , hydro-, geo-, biosphere as uses the Earth Science Systems, see figure: 02A12

The essence between elements should be bipolar, thus having a Yin and Yang side. Also theelements should have this characteristic and their « weight » should be harmonic in respect to thetotal. If not , the element system fails and can only be used for bathtub hydrodynamic science.

I-03 What We Really Do Know

The sun is a large star with a very high temperature. This form of « combustion », excitesmolecules and electrons and heavy, positively charged, protons are formed. Streams of theseparticles produce on the surface electrical currents, which in their turn produce magnetic fields.

The Earth intercepts a part of the Solar wind. Protons are 1600 times heavier then electrons.Therefore they ditch deep into the atmosphere, a positively charged layer, the Electrosphere isformed at 50 km altitude. A part of the electrons do the same, producing the ionosphere there.

This ionosphere at 60-600 km altitude is important for long distance radio communication,the D, E and F layers. Recent observations during a strong increase in sunspots show that there is a

6% increase in Electrosphere producing protons. ∼This process shows instabilities in the form of sunspots. Without spots the Sun is WARM

and BRIGHT with a surface temperature of 5,500 °C. This period is followed by a COLD and moreOBSCURE phase where temperatures drops to 2,700 – 4200°C, figure 03A04.

I-04 Warmer Makes Colder

These changes have an 11 year cycle, fig : 04A01. It are the magnetic field lines, wheninterrupted suddenly that are causing a massive emission of elementary particles the Solar wind.These disturbances cause Sunspots. The wind spreads out in a plane parallel to the Solar equator.

The 200 kilometres long skating tour in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands iscalled : The Frisian Elf steden tocht. The tour passes all 11 historical cities there. Since 1900 it wasonly 15 times so cold that a, uniform 15 cm thick, ice layer was formed to make the tour possible.

As forecast we use the Earth Energy Balance relationship : Cold Sun – lots of Sunspots =good chance for an Elf steden tocht. If we look like what happened since WWII, this is wrong, it iseven in an opposite direction ! A heavy blow to the Global Warming supporters, fig : 04A03.

However there is one tour that breaks the rules, the one of 1947. Searching for the reasons,we come along the global temperature graph of Lamb's Climate Research Unit (CRU). This shows a« linear » decrease in temperature since WWII with a deepest point near 1950, figure 04A04.

I-05 The Synergie between Radiation and Sunspots

The CRU, 2011, detected another anomaly, during these years just after WWII. It concernsthe seawater temperatures who show an important drop in temperature near the end of the war. TheCRU explains this to be caused by the difference in water temperature measurements, fig. 05A01.

The English ships used therefore a bucket, fig. 05A02. The American ships had a thermal

sensor in the water inlet of the cooling system. According to CRU, this caused the fall intemperature, in phase with the suspect skating tour in 1947. The fall is too steep for this explication.

As we all know WWII ended extremely violent with the explosions at altitude of twodifferent atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. This together with thefallout of other bombs tests in the Pacific area caused high levels of atmospheric radiation.

Assuming radiation is at the origin of the drop in global water temperature and even theforcing of exceptional skating tour in 1947, then it is the basic ingredient for a period of cold spell,which is also the case with a Sunspot free sun, when thermal radiation is at its highest.

Such a period has happened before for quite a while. The period of a sunspot free sun lastedfrom 1645-1715 and is called Maunder's Minimum, figure 05A05. It was indeed very cold in thatperiod. It was an important source of inspiration for artists painting skating scenes.

One of the most famous painters was Hendrick Avercamp (1585 – 1634). But he died longbefore the Sun entered the Maunder's minimum, suggesting another cold effect to be present, that ofan Ice Age, centered around 1500, however not a part of the Milanković cycles.

I-06 Milankovic's Forgotten Dimension

Milanković put the Sun at the center of his theory on Ice Ages, being the only source of heatand light. He calculates with three cyclical movements of the Earth: eccentricity a 100,000-y cycle,axial tilt a 41,000-y cycle from 22,1° to 24,5° and precession a 23,000-y cycle.

This approach gives Major Ice Age a cycle time of some 25,000-y. However Milanković isbased on the optical and thermal Solar radiation and does not take the inverse relationship betweenSolar temperature and Earth temperature into account. A drawback for the Calder supporters. Milanković Major Ice Age cycle seems to be modulated with Little Ice Ages separated some2,300 – 2,500-y from each other, the Hallstatt cycle. This cycle is obtained by observing thevariations of the remains of the C14 isotope in organic material of different ages, figure 06A03.

Isotopes and condensation can be observed in the Cloud Chamber of Wilson, fig. 06A04.His inspiration came when working in 1894 on the top of Ben Nevis mountain. He saw there thesun projecting his shadow onto a cloud, haloed by a rainbow of colors, the Brocken spectre.

A year later Wilhelm Rontgen discovered the x-rays. This radiation was tested by Wilsonwith his Cloud Chamber and he observed an unprecedented thick fog. The x-rays modified thedistribution of electrons by exciting the air molecules in the chamber, forming condensation nuclei.

Recent sunspot observations show that cosmic rays are reduced by this mass increase of theElectrosphere : «it coincides, therefore with a small ( 1%) but rapid decrease in galactic cosmic ray∼flux» Less condensation nuclei, thinner and smaller clouds and more heat coming in, fig. 06A08.

There is a Yin/Yang relationship between the quantity of Sunshine and the Solar wind. Thesame is true for Cosmic rays, thus clouds, and the Solar wind, fig. 06A09. An increase in Sunshinemeans an increase cloud layer, stabilizing the Earth temperature as the relationship remains.

I-10 Earth Electric the Third Way

The discharge gap between the Earth surface and the Electrosphere can be characterized inan electrical way. The voltage of the sun produced by the Solar wind is applied through the resistorR to the Earth atmosphere giving a gap voltage V, depending on the gap current, fig. 10A01.

Voltage and current are influenced by cosmic rays, ionization and local electrification. Thesupply is protected by the series resistor. Its value is such that it normally limit currents and canoften not be neglected depending the part of the I/V characteristic to be studied.

By carefully observing voltage and the load current, it becomes easy to explains easily whya cold Sun, full of spots, warms the Earth and a hot Sun cools it. Also the influence of radio-activity, chlorofluorocarbons, oceanic phyto-plankton, ozone layer depletion come to light.

Even hot and cold fronts, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, waste disposal,nuclear winter, urban expansion, energy production and bio-diversity, they all get their right place inthe atmospheric pandemonium, thanks to this electrical Thévenin approach, figure 10A04.

Q: How is it possible that an electrical system with the complexity of a simple ionic smokedetector can explain things that the Earth Energy Budget approach never is able to do ? A: “This isbecause the Earth Electric understands climate's operating mechanism!”

Another problem-solving approach comes from William of Ockham (c. 1287–1347) and isknown as: Occam's razor. Its principle states that among competing hypotheses that predict equallywell, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected, which is undoubtedly Earth Electric.

SECTION II Ohm's Regime

11 Ohmic Behavior of the Atmosphere.

A potential is applied between the electrodes to create an electric field in the gap. When gasbetween the electrodes is ionized by radiation, such as cosmic rays, natural radioactivity, or anradioactive source, a quantity of ion-pairs, an electron proton combination, are created.

The Ohmic Region is where the current increases linear with the applied voltage due to theincreasing number of these charge carriers intercepted. It is named after Georg Ohm (1789-1854)who found the proportionality between current and voltage, resistance, known as Ohm's law.

The resulting positive ions and dissociated electrons move to the electrodes of the oppositepolarity under the influence of the electric field. This generates an ionization current which can bemeasured, by an an adapted electrometer circuit.

In the figure 11A08 we see the practical configuration in case of the Earth. The 250,000 Von the electrosphere gives a Vertical Potential Gradient (VPG) of 5 V/m. However in the exchangelayer aerosols are decreasing conductivity, producing 100-300 V/m fair weather VPG values.

High, pointed, objects like church towers or a 20m high tree top, sense even under fairweather regime potentials of several thousands of volts, causing these tips to enter the Townsend oreven the Corona mode. Then negatively charged ions will be produced and are drifting upwards.

Wilson, 1895, showed that condensation occurs more easily around negatively charged ions,so the formed cloud will be pushed upwards by the negatively charged Earth and pulled towards thepositively charged Electrosphere. The flattening of lower side of clouds is a consequence of it.

Discussing Electrical Properties in « Aerosol Technology” Hinds, 1981, states: “Even in theweak eletric field of the earth's atmosphere (180V/m) singly charged (–) particles less then 0.2 µmwill have an electrostatic (upwards) velocity greater then their settling velocity”, figure 11A11.

The flattening of the cloud underneath shows that it pushed up by the force and particlesfrom the negatively charged Earth, fig 11A12. The positively charged electrosphere pulls at top ofthe cloud. There is a negative net charge in a cloud making it sentitive to electric field variations.

In the Pacific, islands are « seen » at a distance as a dip in the line of hanging clouds.Vegetation on the island produces ions making the atmosphere more conductive, increasing thecurrent, thus loading the Electrosphere. It reduces the pulling force and lowers so the cloud.

The cloud cover behaves as a parasol ; Only in Polar area's it serves as a blanket. It is ofgreat importance to the climate. In general temperature increases when clouds gets smaller and floatat a higher level, in fact the Cloud Shadow Footprint is small at that moment, fig 11A14.

So high levels of ionization produce large, low hanging clouds and thus a large CloudShadow Footprint. This is a condition also often found when the Solar wind is low caused by thelack of sunspots. This allows cosmic rays to increase their domination of the Earth Ohmic Regime.

12 Atmospheric Gases

The Earth atmosphere is related to Solar activity, the level of and type of ionization bycosmic rays, electrical activity and vegetation near the exchange layer and radioactivity in and onthe Earth crust. But also the gaseous constituents of the atmosphere are playing an important part.

Table 12A02 Important constituants of the atmosphere

atomic mass unit electronegativity Hydrogen 1 2.2Carbon 12 2.55Nitrogen 14 3.04Oxygen 16 3.44Fluorine 19 3.98Sulfur 32 2.58Chlorine 35 3.16

In the atmosphere these elements are often found in the form of :

formula molecular mass characteristicsWater vapor H2O 18 major greenhouse gasNitrogen N2 26 fertilizerAir 29Oxygen O2 32 intercepts UV radiationCarbon dioxide CO2 44 heavy, limited greenhouse gasSulfer dioxide SO2 64 toxic, polarSufuric acid H2SO4 98 strong acid, electronegativeCFC-12 CCl2F2 120 Fluor has high electronegativity

Under equal pressures, all gases expand at the same rate. A gas expands by the sameproportion as the temperature rises. Provided external pressure remains the same. The effect of heaton the expansion of gases is stated in Charles' Law.

A gas occupies 1/273.15 more space for each 1° C. rise in temperature and, conversely,1/273.15 less space for each 1° C. drop in temperature. This fact enabled scientists to determineabsolute zero (- 273.15° C.), the temperature at which all molecules theoretically stop moving.

The weight relationship Air / Water vapor is about 3 / 2. This means that air has to be heatedto loose 1/3 of its weight. This happens with a temperature difference of 1/3 * 273 = 91°C. Which isindeed the temperature needed to lift off a hot air balloon, the Archimedes bathtub principle.

Pline the Elder wrote in Naturalis Historia about the weight of CO2: Near Naples is thedormant Agnano volcano. There is a cave, Grotta del Cane, where the floor is covered with a layerof 50 cm gas. When a dog enters the cave it is fatal for the animal. It dies namely of asphyxia.

Another example is Lake Nyos a crater lake in Cameroon, at some 300 km from Yaoundé. A

magma pocket beneath the lake leaks (CO2) into the water saturating it with carbon dioxide. In1986 a landslide liberated the gas, suffocating 1,700 people and 3,500 livestock in its surroundings.

13 The Carnegie Cruises

The lack of knowledge concerning the Earth magnetic field became a problem in thebeginning of the 20th century. The Carnegie vessel, fig. 13A01 was specially designed for this study.Although sponsored by the steel baron Carnegie, the ship was made almost entirely without iron.

The ship was christened on June 12th, 1909, and promptly set sail on its first of sevencruises around the world. In 1927 the seventh cruise of the Carnegie was cut tragically short whenthe ship exploded in Apia, Samoa, killing the captain and researcher J.P. Ault and a crew member.

On cruise IV, 1915-1917, a special observatory was tested, with a set of new instrumentsused in the measurements of the electrical state of the atmosphere. Observing the variations in the+250,000 V of the electrosphere was carried out during this and the following cruises.

The Carnegie Curve, fig. 13A04 is the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) relatedreference signature of the Electrosphere. Its variation, some 20%, depends on gap configuration.Point-plane when the Sun strikes the continents. Point discharges dominates at 03 UT.

When the oceans are exposed to the Sun, the gap configuration between the Electrosphereand the Earth is a plane-plane one. The load on the electrosphere caused by point discharges isminimum, thus the Electrosphere value shows its maximum at 19 UT.

Measurements at Thule during the International Geophysical Year IGY (1957-1958) showedelectrical field variations in accordance with the Carnegie curve. Measurements in Alaska showed amodulation by the Carnegie curve of variations observed in haze height and ground temperature.

14 The Cold Spell and the Cold War

A great number of atmospheric nuclear tests were performed from 1945 to 1963. The PartialTest Ban Treaty (PTBT), 1963, forced testing by the U.S., Soviet Union, and Great Britain to gounderground. France did atmospheric testing until 1974, China did so until 1980, fig 14A01.

The graph of the number of climate publications, fig. 14A02, shows the InternationalGeophysical Year, IGY, 1957-1958. In the wake of it, a temporary bilateral testing ban waseffective, Oct. 1958- 1 Sept. 1961. The restart is shown by the surge in the carbon 14C isotope.

The other isotopes are for 99% Carbon 12 and 1% Carbon-13. Carbon-14 occurs in traceamounts. Its half-life is 5,730±40 years. The primary natural source is the action of cosmic rays onnitrogen in the atmosphere. The open-air nuclear testing 1955–1980 contributed to its increase.

The 14C isotope is a radio actif fall-out product and with 156,000 eV it is a powerful betaray generator, fig 14A04. These beta rays are an efficient way of long distance ionizing radiation.Cloud chamber experiments showd that beta rays produces lots of condensation nuclei.

More droplets are forming larger and denser atmospheric clouds. The produced electronsincrease the atmospheric conductivity reducing the electrosphere value and thus the cloud height.

Both effects give a larger Cloud Shadow Footprint, causing the Cold Spell after WWII. Fig. 14A05This worldwide ionization made serious Earth Electric Field measurements impossible for

over a generation, causing the extinction of the scientific Atmospheric Electricity community. Soatmospheric chemistry and meteorology took over, leading to today's scientific confusion.

15 The Spray Cans: A Global Warming

Numerous efforts have been made since the Cold War to cover up the amount of fluorine,produced by a country because it can be related to the number of nuclear warheads that are made.This is the reason why you find it in drinking water, frying pans, lubricant, toothpaste, etc.

For a long time air conditioning and refrigeration employed toxic and inflammablecompounds like : ammonia , chloro-methane, propane, and sulfur dioxide. It was Midgley in thetwenty's who invented a stable and reliable chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) family, named "Freon's".

The Cold War activities after WWII made it necessary to boost the use of these "SafeFreon's" and other CFC's replacing rapidly the existing substances used as refrigerants, fig. 15A03Other dissipators for fluorine are the filling with it of aerosol spray cans and asthma inhalers.

Another success is the Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). A inorganic, colorless, odorless, non-flammable, gas which is an excellent electrical insulator. In case of High Voltage gaps, electronpopulations are strongly reduced by filling the gap with a electro negative gaseous substance.

SF6 which is able to withstand high levels of electrical field strength is such a gas. Thefluorine it contains is strongly electro negative, so reducing the seeding of unwanted charge carriers.But SF6 is also successfully used to power torpedo's, filling Nike Air bag shoes and tennis balls.

The electron capture detector (ECD) was invented in 1957 by James Lovelock. The deviceis able to detect even minute quantities of atoms and molecules in the atmosphere of these gasesthrough the attachment of electrons produced in an ionization process.

The ECD looks much like a simple radioactive smoke detector. In this case the chamber iscontinuously filled with N2 gas, fig 15A07. Ionization by a β radiating 63Ni isotope, makes current

flow between the anode and cathode. Electro negative molecules like CFC's reduce this current.After the development of his electron capture detector, in the late 1960s, Lovelock was the

first to detect the presence of CFC's in the atmosphere over Ireland and the Atlantic Ocean during aresearch expedition in 1972 aboard the Royal Research Ship, the RRS Shackleton.

CFC's make the headlines, as the possible impact they may have on the size of the ozonehole, over the Antarctic. Lovelock was consulted on the subject, 1973-1977, by the CFC industry.He concluded that the atmospheric level of CFCs constituted "no conceivable (toxic) hazard".

But no word about the Climate. The ECD of Lovelock looks like the atmosphere afterWWII nuclear tests producing the isotopes emitting electrons. This inceases the load on theelectrosphere, reducing so its value, increasing clouds size and lowering their level, the Cold Spell,figure 15A10.

The presence of CFC's in the atmosphere captures the electrons, reducing the load on theelectrosphere, increasing its value and the cloud level, fig. 15A11. Less electrons, smaller clouds,resulting in a cloud shadow footprint reduction, so temperature rises: a form of Global Warming.

Montreal Protocol, 1987: "Determined to protect the ozone layer by taking precautionarymeasures to control equitably total global emissions of substances that deplete it with the ultimateobjective of their elimination on the basis of developments in scientific knowledge". Fig. 15A12.

The different phases in Global Cooling and Warming. (1) Cold Spell : Start of the nucleartests. (2) IGY pause (3) Increased nuclear tests until the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) (4) Trendcaused by the dumping of fluorides in a great variety of ways in the Environment, fig. 15A13

16 The Melting of the North Pole

The electrostatic precipitator (ESP), Cottrell, 1907, is a filtration device that removes fineparticles, like dust and smoke, from a flowing gas. Charging these particles electrically, makes itpossible to remove them with low power electrostatically from the gas stream, fig. 16A01.

Efficiency of ESP's based on particle weight removal of 99,99% is possible. This means that0.01 % of the mass is emitted in the form of a great number of ultra fine negatively (-) chargedparticles. They form so invisible clouds travelling over long distances, Vonnegut 1958, fig.16A02.

The removal mechanism from the atmosphere for these (-) particles is the solar UV

radiation. The energy present in the UV rays is enough to remove an electron from the particle,photo ionization, eliminating the upwards directed electrostatic force, figure 16A03.

Such UV photo ionization is present during spring and summer. In wintertime, especiallywhen this is very long, like in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, the floating particles pass the Ferrel– Polar cell barrier that causes on the North Pole the anthropogenic Polar Haze, fig. 16A04

The thickness of the ice sheet on the North Pole covering the ocean is 4 m thick floating onwater of 0°C. This ice is maintained because it is able to evacuate the heat from the ocean towardsspace through radiation. Winter Haze intercepts this « cooling » causing the ice to melt, fig. 16A05.

The US industry was forced by the Clean Air Act to use massively ESP's to clean theirsmoke stacks from sulfur 1990-1995. The Polar Haze blanket increased as a consequence. Resultingin a temperature surge, increasing the melt of the ice cap near the turn of the century.

So the Acid Rain problem was « exported » to the Arctic using the tall stack policy of theClean Air Acts and the « miraculous » filtering ability of ESP's. Industrial relationship is clearbecause Polar temperature variation is synchronized with economical crises in the West, fig. 16A7.

17 From Clouds to Haze

Feynman's report on the shuttle Challenger accident, which arose again in the Columbiaaccident says: "For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, forNature cannot be fooled". It is this that is the cause for the IPCC-Arrhenius bias effect fig. 17A01.

The period of the Nuclear Cold Spell was reversed when the atmospheric fluorine containingproducts, the CFC's, started to dominate the stratospheric electro-chemistry. This caused a netincrease in global temperature, often mis interpreted as THE Global Warming.

The effect goes on until the Montreal Protocol forces a reduction of the electro negativesubstances in the air. However the expected cooling of the Earth did not happen because in the sametime the Haze era started by a series of « cleaning up and good for the planet » activities.

The new period starts around the year 2000 and is composed of 4 elements. Fire (1), theCFC's at the origin of the increase in temperature.

Earth (2), the increasing addition since the 1990th of BIO fuels to fossil fuels. Fossil fuelsdue to their age are free from the 14C isotope and Volatile Organic Compounds. Bio fuels, have animpressive Water Footprint, some 14,000 liters of (contaminated) water for 1 liter of bio fuel.

It contains also the 14C isotope, which is a long life b-ray emitter. It produces at lowaltitude condensation nuclei and Haze, like during the nuclear Cold Spell period. The water cyclereturns it to the vegetation, so, with time, its radiation will increase like during the cold war.

The radioactive radiation will increase through the recycling between vegetation and theexhaust car emissions. They will cause mutations, in the plants used for vegetable oil and in thosewho are consuming the produced vegetable products like oil, when used for cooking.

This fuel mixture is used in diesel cars fitted with a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) to cleanthem up. Here positive charged (+) soot is intercepted and burned separately, giving freedom toultra fine negatively charged (-) nuclei, that are drawn into the atmosphere by the electrosphere.

Condensation of watervapor makes the nuclei stationary close to the Earth and produce therethin blue haze, taking out the UV part of the sunlight with severe health consequences. Corona

induced Electric Wind will sweep the particles into the atmosphere.No wonder that since the year 2000, when the DPF were introduced on a large scale, that the

number of days with torrential rainfall in the Netherlands, doubled. This makes clear why these , forcosmetic reason introduced DPF filters have a strong relationship with Water (3) and its pollution.

The last element Air (4), ESP, is caused by the partial removal of sulfur through electrostaticprecipitation since 1995, which caused the massive temperature increase on the North Pole. Onlower latitudes these nuclei intercepts sunlight increasing temperature like in a greenhouse.

The Quintessence that interconnects all these 4 elements and that is left out or not taken intoaccount by most of the climate research specialists, climate change panels, geo- and bio-engineeringis the fifth element : Solar mass emission the Solar Wind. Figure 17A10 and 17A11.

… fixed concepts referring to things and states can be extracted by human thought from themobile reality, and can be useful. There is actually no way of reconstructing the mobility of the realby adding up fixed concepts. The most important element, the only that matters, is left out...*

References

*Rawson, P., Legeza, L., Tao, the Chinese Philosophy of Time and Change, p 9, Thames andHudson, London, 1973.

Roos, R. A., The Forgotten Pollution, Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, Boston, 1996.

Added: 2015-07-23 T 14:55:09 UTCDOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1768.1761


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