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Pesticide residues in water bodies

Sari Autio

Finnish Environment Institute, Chemicals

Opening seminar of PesticideLife, Jokioinen 19.2.2010

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Backgound of VESKA2 survey

�Water framework directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) • Gathering information for planning follow-up and residue reduction of

farmful priority substances

• Council of State regulating harmful substances of water environment = Vespa-regulation (1022/2006) 1.12.2006 -> priority substances

�No pesticide residue surveys in 10 years• Hirvi ja Rekolainen 1995 (sampling 1991-1992)

• Rekolainen et al. 1988 (sampling 1985-1987)

• Use of pesticides have been changing since previous surveys

�Pesticide residues detedcted in ground water• (Gustafsson et al. 2004)

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� Pesticides in EU’s harmful priority substances (alakloori, atrazinei, endosulfane, isopropturon, klorfenviphos, klorpyriphos, lindane, simatsine, trifluraline)

� National priority substances (MCPA, prochloraz, dimethoate, mancotseb + ETU, metamithrone, tribenuronmetyl)

� Other substances analysed with the same method

� Liquid and gas chromatographic residue analysis (98 in total)

� Separate analyses for tribenuron-methyl and dithiocarbamate erillisanalyysit

100 analysed substances between

years 2004 - 2006

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� Some of them never used in Finland• alachlor, diurone, isoproturone, chlorphenvinphos

� Some of them are prohibited• Lindane, atratzine, simatzine, endosulfan

� Still in use• Chlorpyriphos (permitted to control of insects indoors in Finland)

• trifluraline (weed management on turnip rape, temporarily permitted in

Finland in summer 2009)

About pesticides on priority list

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� MCPA (the second pesticide on sales list)

� metamithtone (most sold herbicide on sugar-beet)

� tribenuroni-metyyli (most sold of low volume

sprayed herbicides )

� dimethoate (most sold insecticide)

� ETU , degradation product of mancozeb(e.g. control of potato blight)

� prochloraz (control of cereal leaf spots)

In selection of National priority pesticides, harmfulness, runoff risk and sale amount (Londesborough

2003)

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VESKA2-kartoituksen tavoitteet ja menetelmät

Ajankohta Vesistötyyppi Tavoite Näytteenotto

Kesä 2004 Jokia/puroja/

valtaojia 6 valuma-

alueella lähellä käyttöä

Kartoittaa pitoisuuksia ja

vaihtelua kasvukaudella

2-5 vesinäytettä

kasvukaudella, kertanäyte

sedimentistä. Viikoittaiset

kokoomanäytteet

intensiivialueelta

Syksy 2004 6 suurta mereen

laskevaa jokea

Kartoittaa pitoisuuksia

valuma-alueella

(laimeneminen)

Kertanäytteet syyskuussa

alajuoksulla

Talvi

2004/2005

Löytäneenojan

intensiivi-

näytteenottopiste

Kartoittaa mahdollisia

pitoisuuksia kasvukauden

ulkopuolella

Näytteet kerran kuussa

Kesä 2005 35 peltovaltaiselta

valuma-alueelta

+ 5 vertailuvesistöä

Kartoittaa pitoisuuksia

mahdollisimman kattavasti

eri valuma-alueilla

2 vesinäytettä

kasvukaudessa sekä

kertanäyte sedimentistä

Kesä 2006 Jokivesistöjä 3 valuma-

alueella + 6 suurta

mereen laskevaa jokea

Testata mahdollisen

jatkuvan seurannan

toteutusta

Vesinäytteet kerran

kuukaudessa

kasvukaudella

(yht. 6 kpl/alue)

Goals and methods of VESKA2 survey

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Löytäneenoja(intensiivialue)

Kinarehenoja

Suonenjoki

LepsämänjokiHauho

Koijoki

Lestijoki

Kokemäenj.

Auraj.

Vantaanj.Porvoonj.Paimionj.

Survey areas

VESKA Pesticides 2005

Regional survey:

2 x 35 places

• sampling from rivers

• of land use, more than 25 % fields

• On reference areas, less than 10 %

fields

• Sediment sample, if possible

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Intensive survey at Löytäneenoja (6 km2)- sampling weekly (picture K. Siimes)

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Upriver Lepsämänjoki, 30.8.2004-catchment about. 15 km2

(åpicture K. Siimes)

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Middleriver Lepsämänjoki, 30.8.2004 (picture K. Siimes)

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010203040506070

MCPA

dichlorprop

mecoprop

ethofumesate

tribenuron-methyl

simazine

hexazinone*

terbuthylazine

linuron

clopyralid

triflusulfuron-methyl

terbutryn

pirimicarb (insect.)

metalaxyl (fungic.)

aclonifen

methabenzthiazuron

endosulfansulfat (m)

dicamba

atrazine*

DIA (m)

DEDIA (m)

DEA (m)

triasulfuron

cyprodinil (fungic.)

detection %

quantified

traces

� 15 registered herbicides

� 2 herbicides cancelled from register

� 4 degradation products of herbicides

� 2 fungicides

� 1 insekticide

� 76 substances analysed was not detected

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Most frequent ferbicides

� Fenoxy acids, use mainly on cereal cultivation: MCPA (67%), dichlorprop (50%), mecoprop (47%)

� Ethofumesate (44%), usen in sugar beets

� Low volume spraying herbicides e.g. tribenurone-methyl (37%),

� simazine (36%)

� hexazinone (30%, no more registered)

� Herbicides of potato e.g.. terbutylazine (27%), linuron(21%)

�Degradation products of atrazine

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Detected insecticides and fungicides

From intensive survey area:

� pirimicarb (10%), controlling aphids

�metalaxyl (6%), seed dressing on turnip rape

and against potato blight

Near strawberry farms:

� cyprodinil, controlling leaf spots

�Degradation products of endosulfan

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Intensive survey area: different substances have different culmination points (µg/l)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

Etofumesaatti MCPA

Heksatsinoni * Pirimikarbi

Left: concentration of MCPA:n and ethofumesate

Right: Hexazinone and pirimicarb

Ethofumesate

Hexazinone

MCPA

Pirimicarb

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•Extensive pesticide survey in Sweden 1985-2001 (n>1800);

partly different substances were analysed (n=70, substances

100).

• 24 substances in surface waters in both countries, of which

10 were the same

In Finland e.g..•Hexazinone (h.)

•Linuron

•Sulphonylurea

•Degradation

products (e.g. DIA,

DEA, endosulfansulf.)

Sweden e.g. •Glyphosate (85%, h.)

•Bentazone (29%, h.)

•Isoproturone (EU, h.)

•Lindane (EU, ins.)

•Metamithrone (FIN h.)

In both countries•Fenoxyacids: MCPA (FIN),

dichlorprop and mecoprop

•Etofumesat (h. sugar beet.)

•Pirimicarb (i)

•Simazine and atrazin (EU, h.)

•Terbutylazin (h. peruna)

•Chlopyralid (h.)

•Metalaxyl (f)h = herbicide

f= fungicide

i = insecticide

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AQ reason to concern?

- Highest separate concentrations, over 0,1 µg/l:

� Fenoxyacids yearly, MCPA occasionally > EQS

� Etofumesat, chlopyralid, dimethoate, linuron, triflusulfuron-metyl in 2 years

- Priority substances, < EQS:

athrazine, simazine+ degradation products, endosulfan, isoproturon

- Residues detected also from lower course of large rivers

- Interactions of substances?

- Climate change: more runoff, more residues?

=> Follow-up of pesticide residues from water bodies is necessary

Thanks

� Survey data and environmental quality

norms: Katri Siimes, Jaakko Mannio, Kirsti

Kalevi, Jari Heinonen, Susan

Londesborough (SYKE)

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