Appendix 1. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth (ICD9-CM) and Tenth (ICD10-CM) Revisions, Clinical Modification procedure codes for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty.

- Vertebroplasty: ICD9-CM code: 8165: Percutaneous Vertebroplasty. ICD10-CM codes: 0PU33JZ: Supplement Cervical Vertebra with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach 0PU34JZ: Supplement Cervical Vertebra with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach 0PU43JZ: Supplement Thoracic Vertebra with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach 0PU44JZ: Supplement Thoracic Vertebra with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach 0QU03JZ: Supplement Lumbar Vertebra with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach 0QU04JZ: Supplement Lumbar Vertebra with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach 0QU13JZ: Supplement Sacrum with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach 0QU14JZ: Supplement Sacrum with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach 0QUS3JZ: Supplement Coccyx with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach 0QUS4JZ: Supplement Coccyx with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach

- Kyphoplasty: ICD9-CM code: 8166: Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation. ICD10-CM codes: 0PS33ZZ: Reposition Cervical Vertebra, Percutaneous Approach 0PS43ZZ: Reposition Thoracic Vertebra, Percutaneous Approach 0QS03ZZ: Reposition Lumbar Vertebra, Percutaneous Approach 0QS13ZZ: Reposition Sacrum, Percutaneous Approach 0QSS3ZZ: Reposition Coccyx, Percutaneous Approach

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Appendix 2. ICD9-CM, ICD10-CM codes for associated diagnoses (376 codes).

- Multiple myeloma and malignant plasma cell neoplasms: ICD10-CM codes: C90 Multiple myeloma and malignant plasma cell neoplasms C90.0 Multiple myeloma C90.00 …… not having achieved remission C90.01 …… in remission C90.02 …… in relapse C90.1 Plasma cell leukemia C90.10 …… not having achieved remission C90.11 …… in remission C90.12 …… in relapse C90.2 Extramedullary plasmacytoma C90.20 …… not having achieved remission C90.21 …… in remission C90.22 …… in relapse C90.3 Solitary plasmacytoma C90.30 …… not having achieved remission C90.31 …… in remission C90.32 …… in relapse ICD9-CM codes: 203 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative neoplasms 203.0 Multiple myeloma 203.00 Multiple myeloma, without mention of having achieved remission 203.01 Multiple myeloma, in remission 203.02 Multiple myeloma, in relapse 203.1 Plasma cell leukemia 203.10 Plasma cell leukemia, without mention of having achieved remission 203.11 Plasma cell leukemia, in remission 203.12 Plasma cell leukemia, in relapse 203.8 Other immunoproliferative neoplasms 203.80 Other immunoproliferative neoplasms, without mention of having achieved remission 203.81 Other immunoproliferative neoplasms, in remission 203.82 Other immunoproliferative neoplasms, in relapse

- Lung cancer (malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung): ICD10-CM codes: C34 Malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung C34.0 Malignant neoplasm of main bronchus C34.00 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified main bronchus C34.01 Malignant neoplasm of right main bronchus C34.02 Malignant neoplasm of left main bronchus C34.1 Malignant neoplasm of upper lobe, bronchus or lung C34.10 Malignant neoplasm of upper lobe, unspecified bronchus or lung C34.11 Malignant neoplasm of upper lobe, right bronchus or lung C34.12 Malignant neoplasm of upper lobe, left bronchus or lung

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C34.2 Malignant neoplasm of middle lobe, bronchus or lung C34.3 Malignant neoplasm of lower lobe, bronchus or lung C34.30 Malignant neoplasm of lower lobe, unspecified bronchus or lung C34.31 Malignant neoplasm of lower lobe, right bronchus or lung C34.32 Malignant neoplasm of lower lobe, left bronchus or lung C34.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of bronchus and lung C34.80 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of unspecified bronchus and lung C34.81 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of right bronchus and lung C34.82 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of left bronchus and lung C34.9 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified part of bronchus or lung C34.90 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified part of unspecified bronchus or lung C34.91 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified part of right bronchus or lung C34.92 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified part of left bronchus or lung ICD9-CM codes: 162 Malignant neoplasm of trachea bronchus and lung 162.0 Malignant neoplasm of trachea 162.2 Malignant neoplasm of main bronchus 162.3 Malignant neoplasm of upper lobe, bronchus or lung 162.4 Malignant neoplasm of middle lobe, bronchus or lung 162.5 Malignant neoplasm of lower lobe, bronchus or lung 162.8 Malignant neoplasm of other parts of bronchus or lung 162.9 Malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung, unspecified

- Breast cancer: ICD10-CM codes: C50 Malignant neoplasm of breast C50.0 Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola C50.01 Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola, female C50.011 Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola, right female breast C50.012 Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola, left female breast C50.019 Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola, unspecified female breast C50.02 Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola, male C50.021 Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola, right male breast C50.022 Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola, left male breast C50.029 Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola, unspecified male breast C50.1 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of breast C50.11 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of breast, female C50.111 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of right female breast C50.112 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of left female breast C50.119 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of unspecified female breast C50.12 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of breast, male C50.121 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of right male breast C50.122 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of left male breast C50.129 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of unspecified male breast C50.2 Malignant neoplasm of upper-inner quadrant of breast C50.21 Malignant neoplasm of upper-inner quadrant of breast, female C50.211 Malignant neoplasm of upper-inner quadrant of right female breast

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C50.212 Malignant neoplasm of upper-inner quadrant of left female breast C50.219 Malignant neoplasm of upper-inner quadrant of unspecified female breast C50.22 Malignant neoplasm of upper-inner quadrant of breast, male C50.221 Malignant neoplasm of upper-inner quadrant of right male breast C50.222 Malignant neoplasm of upper-inner quadrant of left male breast C50.229 Malignant neoplasm of upper-inner quadrant of unspecified male breast C50.3 Malignant neoplasm of lower-inner quadrant of breast C50.31 Malignant neoplasm of lower-inner quadrant of breast, female C50.311 Malignant neoplasm of lower-inner quadrant of right female breast C50.312 Malignant neoplasm of lower-inner quadrant of left female breast C50.319 Malignant neoplasm of lower-inner quadrant of unspecified female breast C50.32 Malignant neoplasm of lower-inner quadrant of breast, male C50.321 Malignant neoplasm of lower-inner quadrant of right male breast C50.322 Malignant neoplasm of lower-inner quadrant of left male breast C50.329 Malignant neoplasm of lower-inner quadrant of unspecified male breast C50.4 Malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of breast C50.41 Malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of breast, female C50.411 Malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of right female breast C50.412 Malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of left female breast C50.419 Malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of unspecified female breast C50.42 Malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of breast, male C50.421 Malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of right male breast C50.422 Malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of left male breast C50.429 Malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of unspecified male breast C50.5 Malignant neoplasm of lower-outer quadrant of breast C50.51 Malignant neoplasm of lower-outer quadrant of breast, female C50.511 Malignant neoplasm of lower-outer quadrant of right female breast C50.512 Malignant neoplasm of lower-outer quadrant of left female breast C50.519 Malignant neoplasm of lower-outer quadrant of unspecified female breast C50.52 Malignant neoplasm of lower-outer quadrant of breast, male C50.521 Malignant neoplasm of lower-outer quadrant of right male breast C50.522 Malignant neoplasm of lower-outer quadrant of left male breast C50.529 Malignant neoplasm of lower-outer quadrant of unspecified male breast C50.6 Malignant neoplasm of axillary tail of breast C50.61 Malignant neoplasm of axillary tail of breast, female C50.611 Malignant neoplasm of axillary tail of right female breast C50.612 Malignant neoplasm of axillary tail of left female breast C50.619 Malignant neoplasm of axillary tail of unspecified female breast C50.62 Malignant neoplasm of axillary tail of breast, male C50.621 Malignant neoplasm of axillary tail of right male breast C50.622 Malignant neoplasm of axillary tail of left male breast C50.629 Malignant neoplasm of axillary tail of unspecified male breast C50.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of breast C50.81 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of breast, female C50.811 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of right female breast C50.812 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of left female breast C50.819 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of unspecified female breast C50.82 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of breast, male

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C50.821 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of right male breast C50.822 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of left male breast C50.829 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of unspecified male breast C50.9 Malignant neoplasm of breast of unspecified site C50.91 Malignant neoplasm of breast of unspecified site, female C50.911 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified site of right female breast C50.912 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified site of left female breast C50.919 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified site of unspecified female breast C50.92 Malignant neoplasm of breast of unspecified site, male C50.921 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified site of right male breast C50.922 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified site of left male breast C50.929 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified site of unspecified male breast ICD9-CM codes: 174 Malignant neoplasm of female breast 174.0 Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola of female breast 174.1 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of female breast 174.2 Malignant neoplasm of upper-inner quadrant of female breast 174.3 Malignant neoplasm of lower-inner quadrant of female breast 174.4 Malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of female breast 174.5 Malignant neoplasm of lower-outer quadrant of female breast 174.6 Malignant neoplasm of axillary tail of female breast 174.8 Malignant neoplasm of other specified sites of female breast 174.9 Malignant neoplasm of breast (female), unspecified 175 Malignant neoplasm of male breast 175.0 Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola of male breast 175.9 Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified sites of male breast

- Prostate cancer: ICD10-CM code: C61 Malignant neoplasm of prostate ICD9-CM code: 185 Malignant neoplasm of prostate

- Renal and other urinary cancers (malignant neoplasm of kidney and other and unspecified urinary organs except bladder):

ICD10-CM codes: C64 Malignant neoplasm of kidney, except renal pelvis C64.1 Malignant neoplasm of right kidney, except renal pelvis C64.2 Malignant neoplasm of left kidney, except renal pelvis C64.9 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified kidney, except renal pelvis C65 Malignant neoplasm of renal pelvis C65.1 Malignant neoplasm of right renal pelvis C65.2 Malignant neoplasm of left renal pelvis C65.9 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified renal pelvis C66 Malignant neoplasm of ureter C66.1 Malignant neoplasm of right ureter C66.2 Malignant neoplasm of left ureter C66.9 Malignant neoplasm of unspecified ureter

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C68 Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified urinary organs C68.0 Malignant neoplasm of urethra C68.1 Malignant neoplasm of paraurethral glands C68.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of urinary organs C68.9 Malignant neoplasm of urinary organ, unspecified ICD9-CM codes: 189 Malignant neoplasm of kidney and other and unspecified urinary organs 189.0 Malignant neoplasm of kidney, except pelvis 189.1 Malignant neoplasm of renal pelvis 189.2 Malignant neoplasm of ureter 189.3 Malignant neoplasm of urethra 189.4 Malignant neoplasm of paraurethral glands 189.8 Malignant neoplasm of other specified sites of urinary organs 189.9 Malignant neoplasm of urinary organ, site unspecified

- Bladder cancer: ICD10-CM codes: C67 Malignant neoplasm of bladder C67.0 Malignant neoplasm of trigone of bladder C67.1 Malignant neoplasm of dome of bladder C67.2 Malignant neoplasm of lateral wall of bladder C67.3 Malignant neoplasm of anterior wall of bladder C67.4 Malignant neoplasm of posterior wall of bladder C67.5 Malignant neoplasm of bladder neck C67.6 Malignant neoplasm of ureteric orifice C67.7 Malignant neoplasm of urachus C67.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of bladder C67.9 Malignant neoplasm of bladder, unspecified ICD9-CM codes: 188 Malignant neoplasm of bladder 188.0 Malignant neoplasm of trigone of urinary bladder 188.1 Malignant neoplasm of dome of urinary bladder 188.2 Malignant neoplasm of lateral wall of urinary bladder 188.3 Malignant neoplasm of anterior wall of urinary bladder 188.4 Malignant neoplasm of posterior wall of urinary bladder 188.5 Malignant neoplasm of bladder neck 188.6 Malignant neoplasm of ureteric orifice 188.7 Malignant neoplasm of urachus 188.8 Malignant neoplasm of other specified sites of bladder 188.9 Malignant neoplasm of bladder, part unspecified

- Thyroid cancer (not included in the final analysis due to sampling limitations): ICD10-CM code: C73 Malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland ICD9-CM code: 193 Malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland

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- Esophageal cancer: ICD10-CM codes: C15 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus C15.3 Malignant neoplasm of upper third of esophagus C15.4 Malignant neoplasm of middle third of esophagus C15.5 Malignant neoplasm of lower third of esophagus C15.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of esophagus C15.9 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus, unspecified ICD9-CM codes: 150 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus 150.0 Malignant neoplasm of cervical esophagus 150.1 Malignant neoplasm of thoracic esophagus 150.2 Malignant neoplasm of abdominal esophagus 150.3 Malignant neoplasm of upper third of esophagus 150.4 Malignant neoplasm of middle third of esophagus 150.5 Malignant neoplasm of lower third of esophagus 150.8 Malignant neoplasm of other specified part of esophagus 150.9 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus, unspecified site

- Stomach cancer: ICD10-CM codes: C16 Malignant neoplasm of stomach C16.0 Malignant neoplasm of cardia C16.1 Malignant neoplasm of fundus of stomach C16.2 Malignant neoplasm of body of stomach C16.3 Malignant neoplasm of pyloric antrum C16.4 Malignant neoplasm of pylorus C16.5 Malignant neoplasm of lesser curvature of stomach, unspecified C16.6 Malignant neoplasm of greater curvature of stomach, unspecified C16.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of stomach C16.9 Malignant neoplasm of stomach, unspecified ICD9-CM codes: 151 Malignant neoplasm of stomach 151.0 Malignant neoplasm of cardia 151.1 Malignant neoplasm of pylorus 151.2 Malignant neoplasm of pyloric antrum 151.3 Malignant neoplasm of fundus of stomach 151.4 Malignant neoplasm of body of stomach 151.5 Malignant neoplasm of lesser curvature of stomach, unspecified 151.6 Malignant neoplasm of greater curvature of stomach, unspecified 151.8 Malignant neoplasm of other specified sites of stomach 151.9 Malignant neoplasm of stomach, unspecified site

- Small intestine cancer: ICD10-CM codes: C17 Malignant neoplasm of small intestine

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C17.0 Malignant neoplasm of duodenum C17.1 Malignant neoplasm of jejunum C17.2 Malignant neoplasm of ileum C17.3 Meckel's diverticulum, malignant C17.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of small intestine C17.9 Malignant neoplasm of small intestine, unspecified ICD9-CM codes: 152 Malignant neoplasm of small intestine including duodenum 152.0 Malignant neoplasm of duodenum 152.1 Malignant neoplasm of jejunum 152.2 Malignant neoplasm of ileum 152.3 Malignant neoplasm of Meckel's diverticulum 152.8 Malignant neoplasm of other specified sites of small intestine 152.9 Malignant neoplasm of small intestine, unspecified site

- Colon cancer: ICD10-CM codes: C18 Malignant neoplasm of colon C18.0 Malignant neoplasm of cecum C18.1 Malignant neoplasm of appendix C18.2 Malignant neoplasm of ascending colon C18.3 Malignant neoplasm of hepatic flexure C18.4 Malignant neoplasm of transverse colon C18.5 Malignant neoplasm of splenic flexure C18.6 Malignant neoplasm of descending colon C18.7 Malignant neoplasm of sigmoid colon C18.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of colon C18.9 Malignant neoplasm of colon, unspecified ICD9-CM codes: 153 Malignant neoplasm of colon 153.0 Malignant neoplasm of hepatic flexure 153.1 Malignant neoplasm of transverse colon 153.2 Malignant neoplasm of descending colon 153.3 Malignant neoplasm of sigmoid colon 153.4 Malignant neoplasm of cecum 153.5 Malignant neoplasm of appendix vermiformis 153.6 Malignant neoplasm of ascending colon 153.7 Malignant neoplasm of splenic flexure 153.8 Malignant neoplasm of other specified sites of large intestine 153.9 Malignant neoplasm of colon, unspecified site

- Rectosigmoid, rectal and anal cancers: ICD10-CM codes: C19 Malignant neoplasm of rectosigmoid junction C20 Malignant neoplasm of rectum C21 Malignant neoplasm of anus and anal canal

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C21.0 Malignant neoplasm of anus, unspecified C21.1 Malignant neoplasm of anal canal C21.2 Malignant neoplasm of cloacogenic zone C21.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of rectum, anus and anal canal ICD9-CM codes: 154 Malignant neoplasm of rectum rectosigmoid junction and anus 154.0 Malignant neoplasm of rectosigmoid junction 154.1 Malignant neoplasm of rectum 154.2 Malignant neoplasm of anal canal 154.3 Malignant neoplasm of anus, unspecified site 154.8 Malignant neoplasm of other sites of rectum, rectosigmoid junction, and anus

- Liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder cancers: ICD10-CM codes: C22 Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts C22.0 Liver cell carcinoma C22.1 Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma C22.2 Hepatoblastoma C22.3 Angiosarcoma of liver C22.4 Other sarcomas of liver C22.7 Other specified carcinomas of liver C22.8 Malignant neoplasm of liver, primary, unspecified as to type C22.9 Malignant neoplasm of liver, not specified as primary or secondary C23 Malignant neoplasm of gallbladder C24 Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of biliary tract C24.0 Malignant neoplasm of extrahepatic bile duct C24.1 Malignant neoplasm of ampulla of Vater C24.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of biliary tract C24.9 Malignant neoplasm of biliary tract, unspecified ICD9-CM codes: 155 Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts 155.0 Malignant neoplasm of liver, primary 155.1 Malignant neoplasm of intrahepatic bile ducts 155.2 Malignant neoplasm of liver, not specified as primary or secondary 156 Malignant neoplasm of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts 156.0 Malignant neoplasm of gallbladder 156.1 Malignant neoplasm of extrahepatic bile ducts 156.2 Malignant neoplasm of ampulla of vater 156.8 Malignant neoplasm of other specified sites of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts 156.9 Malignant neoplasm of biliary tract, part unspecified site

- Pancreatic cancer: ICD10-CM codes: C25 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas C25.0 Malignant neoplasm of head of pancreas C25.1 Malignant neoplasm of body of pancreas

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C25.2 Malignant neoplasm of tail of pancreas C25.3 Malignant neoplasm of pancreatic duct C25.4 Malignant neoplasm of endocrine pancreas C25.7 Malignant neoplasm of other parts of pancreas C25.8 Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of pancreas C25.9 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas, unspecified ICD9-CM codes: 157 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas 157.0 Malignant neoplasm of head of pancreas 157.1 Malignant neoplasm of body of pancreas 157.2 Malignant neoplasm of tail of pancreas 157.3 Malignant neoplasm of pancreatic duct 157.4 Malignant neoplasm of islets of langerhans 157.8 Malignant neoplasm of other specified sites of pancreas 157.9 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas, part unspecified

- Malignant melanoma (not included in the final analysis due to sampling limitations): ICD10-CM codes: C43 Malignant melanoma of skin C43.0 Malignant melanoma of lip C43.1 Malignant melanoma of eyelid, including canthus C43.10 Malignant melanoma of unspecified eyelid, including canthus C43.11 Malignant melanoma of right eyelid, including canthus C43.111 Malignant melanoma of right upper eyelid, including canthus C43.112 Malignant melanoma of right lower eyelid, including canthus C43.12 Malignant melanoma of left eyelid, including canthus C43.121 Malignant melanoma of left upper eyelid, including canthus C43.122 Malignant melanoma of left lower eyelid, including canthus C43.2 Malignant melanoma of ear and external auricular canal C43.20 Malignant melanoma of unspecified ear and external auricular canal C43.21 Malignant melanoma of right ear and external auricular canal C43.22 Malignant melanoma of left ear and external auricular canal C43.3 Malignant melanoma of other and unspecified parts of face C43.30 Malignant melanoma of unspecified part of face C43.31 Malignant melanoma of nose C43.39 Malignant melanoma of other parts of face C43.4 Malignant melanoma of scalp and neck C43.5 Malignant melanoma of trunk C43.51 Malignant melanoma of anal skin C43.52 Malignant melanoma of skin of breast C43.59 Malignant melanoma of other part of trunk C43.6 Malignant melanoma of upper limb, including shoulder C43.60 Malignant melanoma of unspecified upper limb, including shoulder C43.61 Malignant melanoma of right upper limb, including shoulder C43.62 Malignant melanoma of left upper limb, including shoulder C43.7 Malignant melanoma of lower limb, including hip C43.70 Malignant melanoma of unspecified lower limb, including hip

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C43.71 Malignant melanoma of right lower limb, including hip C43.72 Malignant melanoma of left lower limb, including hip C43.8 Malignant melanoma of overlapping sites of skin C43.9 Malignant melanoma of skin, unspecified ICD9-CM codes: 172 Malignant melanoma of skin 172.0 Malignant melanoma of skin of lip 172.1 Malignant melanoma of skin of eyelid, including canthus 172.2 Malignant melanoma of skin of ear and external auditory canal 172.3 Malignant melanoma of skin of other and unspecified parts of face 172.4 Malignant melanoma of skin of scalp and neck 172.5 Malignant melanoma of skin of trunk, except scrotum 172.6 Malignant melanoma of skin of upper limb, including shoulder 172.7 Malignant melanoma of skin of lower limb, including hip 172.8 Malignant melanoma of other specified sites of skin 172.9 Melanoma of skin, site unspecified

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Appendix 3. Mapping post-procedural complications (455 codes).

ICD10-CM codes: T81 Complications of procedures, not elsewhere classified T81.1 Postprocedural shock T81.10 Postprocedural shock unspecified T81.10XA …… initial encounter T81.10XD …… subsequent encounter T81.10XS …… sequela T81.11 Postprocedural cardiogenic shock T81.11XA …… initial encounter T81.11XD …… subsequent encounter T81.11XS …… sequela T81.12 Postprocedural septic shock T81.12XA …… initial encounter T81.12XD …… subsequent encounter T81.12XS …… sequela T81.19 Other postprocedural shock T81.19XA …… initial encounter T81.19XD …… subsequent encounter T81.19XS …… sequela T81.3 Disruption of wound, not elsewhere classified T81.30 Disruption of wound, unspecified T81.30XA …… initial encounter T81.30XD …… subsequent encounter T81.30XS …… sequela T81.31 Disruption of external operation (surgical) wound, not elsewhere classified T81.31XA …… initial encounter T81.31XD …… subsequent encounter T81.31XS …… sequela T81.4 Infection following a procedure T81.40 Infection following a procedure, unspecified T81.40XA …… initial encounter T81.40XD …… subsequent encounter T81.40XS …… sequela T81.41 Infection following a procedure, superficial incisional surgical site T81.41XA …… initial encounter T81.41XD …… subsequent encounter T81.41XS …… sequela T81.42 Infection following a procedure, deep incisional surgical site T81.42XA …… initial encounter T81.42XD …… subsequent encounter T81.42XS …… sequela T81.43 Infection following a procedure, organ and space surgical site T81.43XA …… initial encounter T81.43XD …… subsequent encounter T81.43XS …… sequela T81.44 Sepsis following a procedure

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T81.44XA …… initial encounter T81.44XD …… subsequent encounter T81.44XS …… sequela T81.49 Infection following a procedure, other surgical site T81.49XA …… initial encounter T81.49XD …… subsequent encounter T81.49XS …… sequela T81.5 Complications of foreign body accidentally left in body following procedure T81.50 Unspecified complication of foreign body accidentally left in body following procedure T81.500 Unspecified complication of foreign body accidentally left in body following surgical operation T81.500A …… initial encounter T81.500D …… subsequent encounter T81.500S …… sequela T81.508 Unspecified complication of foreign body accidentally left in body following other procedure T81.508A …… initial encounter T81.508D …… subsequent encounter T81.508S …… sequela T81.509 Unspecified complication of foreign body accidentally left in body following unspecified procedure T81.509A …… initial encounter T81.509D …… subsequent encounter T81.509S …… sequela T81.59 Other complications of foreign body accidentally left in body following procedure T81.590 Other complications of foreign body accidentally left in body following surgical operation T81.590A …… initial encounter T81.590D …… subsequent encounter T81.590S …… sequela T81.598 Other complications of foreign body accidentally left in body following other procedure T81.598A …… initial encounter T81.598D …… subsequent encounter T81.598S …… sequela T81.599 Other complications of foreign body accidentally left in body following unspecified procedure T81.599A …… initial encounter T81.599D …… subsequent encounter T81.599S …… sequela T81.6 Acute reaction to foreign substance accidentally left during a procedure T81.60 Unspecified acute reaction to foreign substance accidentally left during a procedure T81.60XA …… initial encounter T81.60XD …… subsequent encounter T81.60XS …… sequela T81.69 Other acute reaction to foreign substance accidentally left during a procedure T81.69XA …… initial encounter T81.69XD …… subsequent encounter T81.69XS …… sequela T81.7 Vascular complications following a procedure, not elsewhere classified

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T81.71 Complication of artery following a procedure, not elsewhere classified T81.718 Complication of other artery following a procedure, not elsewhere classified T81.718A …… initial encounter T81.718D …… subsequent encounter T81.718S …… sequela T81.719 Complication of unspecified artery following a procedure, not elsewhere classified T81.719A …… initial encounter T81.719D …… subsequent encounter T81.719S …… sequela T81.72 Complication of vein following a procedure, not elsewhere classified T81.72XA …… initial encounter T81.72XD …… subsequent encounter T81.72XS …… sequela T81.8 Other complications of procedures, not elsewhere classified T81.81 Complication of inhalation therapy T81.81XA …… initial encounter T81.81XD …… subsequent encounter T81.81XS …… sequela T81.82 Emphysema (subcutaneous) resulting from a procedure T81.82XA …… initial encounter T81.82XD …… subsequent encounter T81.82XS …… sequela T81.83 Persistent postprocedural fistula T81.83XA …… initial encounter T81.83XD …… subsequent encounter T81.83XS …… sequela T81.89 Other complications of procedures, not elsewhere classified T81.89XA …… initial encounter T81.89XD …… subsequent encounter T81.89XS …… sequela T81.9 Unspecified complication of procedure T81.9XXA …… initial encounter T81.9XXD …… subsequent encounter T81.9XXS …… sequela T84 Complications of internal orthopedic prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T84.2- Mechanical complication of internal fixation device of other bones T84.21 Breakdown (mechanical) of internal fixation device of other bones T84.216 Breakdown (mechanical) of internal fixation device of vertebrae T84.216A …… initial encounter T84.216D …… subsequent encounter T84.216S …… sequela T84.218 Breakdown (mechanical) of internal fixation device of other bones T84.218A …… initial encounter T84.218D …… subsequent encounter T84.218S …… sequela T84.22 Displacement of internal fixation device of other bones T84.226 Displacement of internal fixation device of vertebrae

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T84.226A …… initial encounter T84.226D …… subsequent encounter T84.226S …… sequela T84.228 Displacement of internal fixation device of other bones T84.228A …… initial encounter T84.228D …… subsequent encounter T84.228S …… sequela T84.29 Other mechanical complication of internal fixation device of other bones T84.296 Other mechanical complication of internal fixation device of vertebrae T84.296A …… initial encounter T84.296D …… subsequent encounter T84.296S …… sequela T84.298 Other mechanical complication of internal fixation device of other bones T84.298A …… initial encounter T84.298D …… subsequent encounter T84.298S …… sequela T84.3- Mechanical complication of other bone devices, implants and grafts T84.31 Breakdown (mechanical) of other bone devices, implants and grafts T84.318 Breakdown (mechanical) of other bone devices, implants and grafts T84.318A …… initial encounter T84.318D …… subsequent encounter T84.318S …… sequela T84.32 Displacement of other bone devices, implants and grafts T84.328 Displacement of other bone devices, implants and grafts T84.328A …… initial encounter T84.328D …… subsequent encounter T84.328S …… sequela T84.39 Other mechanical complication of other bone devices, implants and grafts T84.398 Other mechanical complication of other bone devices, implants and grafts T84.398A …… initial encounter T84.398D …… subsequent encounter T84.398S …… sequela T84.4- Mechanical complication of other internal orthopedic devices, implants and grafts T84.41 Breakdown (mechanical) of other internal orthopedic devices, implants and grafts T84.418 Breakdown (mechanical) of other internal orthopedic devices, implants and grafts T84.418A …… initial encounter T84.418D …… subsequent encounter T84.418S …… sequela T84.42 Displacement of other internal orthopedic devices, implants and grafts T84.428 Displacement of other internal orthopedic devices, implants and grafts T84.428A …… initial encounter T84.428D …… subsequent encounter T84.428S …… sequela T84.49 Other mechanical complication of other internal orthopedic devices, implants and grafts T84.498 Other mechanical complication of other internal orthopedic devices, implants and grafts T84.498A …… initial encounter T84.498D …… subsequent encounter T84.498S …… sequela

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T84.6- Infection and inflammatory reaction due to internal fixation device T84.60 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to internal fixation device of unspecified site T84.60XA …… initial encounter T84.60XD …… subsequent encounter T84.60XS …… sequela T84.63 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to internal fixation device of spine T84.63XA …… initial encounter T84.63XD …… subsequent encounter T84.63XS …… sequela T84.69 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to internal fixation device of other site T84.69XA …… initial encounter T84.69XD …… subsequent encounter T84.69XS …… sequela T84.7- Infection and inflammatory reaction due to other internal orthopedic prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T84.7XXA …… initial encounter T84.7XXD …… subsequent encounter T84.7XXS …… sequela T84.8- Other specified complications of internal orthopedic prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T84.81 Embolism due to internal orthopedic prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T84.81XA …… initial encounter T84.81XD …… subsequent encounter T84.81XS …… sequela T84.82 Fibrosis due to internal orthopedic prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T84.82XA …… initial encounter T84.82XD …… subsequent encounter T84.82XS …… sequela T84.83 Hemorrhage due to internal orthopedic prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T84.83XA …… initial encounter T84.83XD …… subsequent encounter T84.83XS …… sequela T84.84 Pain due to internal orthopedic prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T84.84XA …… initial encounter T84.84XD …… subsequent encounter T84.84XS …… sequela T84.85 Stenosis due to internal orthopedic prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T84.85XA …… initial encounter T84.85XD …… subsequent encounter T84.85XS …… sequela T84.86 Thrombosis due to internal orthopedic prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T84.86XA …… initial encounter T84.86XD …… subsequent encounter T84.86XS …… sequela T84.89 Other specified complication of internal orthopedic prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T84.89XA …… initial encounter T84.89XD …… subsequent encounter T84.89XS …… sequela T84.9- Unspecified complication of internal orthopedic prosthetic device, implant and graft

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T84.9XXA …… initial encounter T84.9XXD …… subsequent encounter T84.9XXS …… sequela T85 Complications of other internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.6 Mechanical complication of other specified internal and external prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.61 Breakdown (mechanical) of other specified internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.615 Breakdown (mechanical) of other nervous system device, implant or graft T85.615A …… initial encounter T85.615D …… subsequent encounter T85.615S …… sequela T85.618 Breakdown (mechanical) of other specified internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.618A …… initial encounter T85.618D …… subsequent encounter T85.618S …… sequela T85.62 Displacement of other specified internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.625 Displacement of other nervous system device, implant or graft T85.625A …… initial encounter T85.625D …… subsequent encounter T85.625S …… sequela T85.628 Displacement of other specified internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.628A …… initial encounter T85.628D …… subsequent encounter T85.628S …… sequela T85.63 Leakage of other specified internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.635 Leakage of other nervous system device, implant or graft T85.635A …… initial encounter T85.635D …… subsequent encounter T85.635S …… sequela T85.638 Leakage of other specified internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.638A …… initial encounter T85.638D …… subsequent encounter T85.638S …… sequela T85.69 Other mechanical complication of other specified internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.695 Other mechanical complication of other nervous system device, implant or graft T85.695A …… initial encounter T85.695D …… subsequent encounter T85.695S …… sequela T85.698 Other mechanical complication of other specified internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.698A …… initial encounter T85.698D …… subsequent encounter T85.698S …… sequela T85.7 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to other internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.73 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to nervous system devices, implants and graft

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T85.738 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to other nervous system device, implant or graft T85.738A …… initial encounter T85.738D …… subsequent encounter T85.738S …… sequela T85.79 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to other internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.79XA …… initial encounter T85.79XD …… subsequent encounter T85.79XS …… sequela T85.8 Other specified complications of internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts, not elsewhere classified T85.81 Embolism due to internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts, not elsewhere classified T85.810 Embolism due to nervous system prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.810A …… initial encounter T85.810D …… subsequent encounter T85.810S …… sequela T85.818 Embolism due to other internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.818A …… initial encounter T85.818D …… subsequent encounter T85.818S …… sequela T85.82 Fibrosis due to internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts, not elsewhere classified T85.820 Fibrosis due to nervous system prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.820A …… initial encounter T85.820D …… subsequent encounter T85.820S …… sequela T85.828 Fibrosis due to other internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.828A …… initial encounter T85.828D …… subsequent encounter T85.828S …… sequela T85.83 Hemorrhage due to internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts, not elsewhere classified T85.830 Hemorrhage due to nervous system prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.830A …… initial encounter T85.830D …… subsequent encounter T85.830S …… sequela T85.838 Hemorrhage due to other internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.838A …… initial encounter T85.838D …… subsequent encounter T85.838S …… sequela T85.84 Pain due to internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts, not elsewhere classified T85.840 Pain due to nervous system prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.840A …… initial encounter T85.840D …… subsequent encounter T85.840S …… sequela T85.848 Pain due to other internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.848A …… initial encounter T85.848D …… subsequent encounter T85.848S …… sequela T85.85 Stenosis due to internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts, not elsewhere classified

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T85.850 Stenosis due to nervous system prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.850A …… initial encounter T85.850D …… subsequent encounter T85.850S …… sequela T85.858 Stenosis due to other internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.858A …… initial encounter T85.858D …… subsequent encounter T85.858S …… sequela T85.86 Thrombosis due to internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts, not elsewhere classified T85.860 Thrombosis due to nervous system prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.860A …… initial encounter T85.860D …… subsequent encounter T85.860S …… sequela T85.868 Thrombosis due to other internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.868A …… initial encounter T85.868D …… subsequent encounter T85.868S …… sequela T85.89 Other specified complication of internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts, not elsewhere classified T85.890 Other specified complication of nervous system prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.890A …… initial encounter T85.890D …… subsequent encounter T85.890S …… sequela T85.898 Other specified complication of other internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts T85.898A …… initial encounter T85.898D …… subsequent encounter T85.898S …… sequela T85.9 Unspecified complication of internal prosthetic device, implant and graft T85.9XXA …… initial encounter T85.9XXD …… subsequent encounter T85.9XXS …… sequela T88 Other complications of surgical and medical care, not elsewhere classified T88.2 Shock due to anesthesia T88.2XXA …… initial encounter T88.2XXD …… subsequent encounter T88.2XXS …… sequela T88.3 Malignant hyperthermia due to anesthesia T88.3XXA …… initial encounter T88.3XXD …… subsequent encounter T88.3XXS …… sequela T88.4 Failed or difficult intubation T88.4XXA …… initial encounter T88.4XXD …… subsequent encounter T88.4XXS …… sequela T88.5 Other complications of anesthesia T88.51 Hypothermia following anesthesia T88.51XA …… initial encounter

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T88.51XD …… subsequent encounter T88.51XS …… sequela T88.52 Failed moderate sedation during procedure T88.52XA …… initial encounter T88.52XD …… subsequent encounter T88.52XS …… sequela T88.53 Unintended awareness under general anesthesia during procedure T88.53XA …… initial encounter T88.53XD …… subsequent encounter T88.53XS …… sequela T88.59 Other complications of anesthesia T88.59XA …… initial encounter T88.59XD …… subsequent encounter T88.59XS …… sequela T88.6 Anaphylactic reaction due to adverse effect of correct drug or medicament properly administered T88.6XXA …… initial encounter T88.6XXD …… subsequent encounter T88.6XXS …… sequela T88.7 Unspecified adverse effect of drug or medicament T88.7XXA …… initial encounter T88.7XXD …… subsequent encounter T88.7XXS …… sequela T88.8 Other specified complications of surgical and medical care, not elsewhere classified T88.8XXA …… initial encounter T88.8XXD …… subsequent encounter T88.8XXS …… sequela T88.9 Complication of surgical and medical care, unspecified T88.9XXA …… initial encounter T88.9XXD …… subsequent encounter T88.9XXS …… sequela ICD9-CM codes: 996 Complications peculiar to certain specified procedures 996.4 Mechanical complication of internal orthopedic device implant and graft 996.40 Unspecified mechanical complication of internal orthopedic device, implant, and graft 996.49 Other mechanical complication of other internal orthopedic device, implant, and graft 996.5 Mechanical complication of other specified prosthetic device implant and graft 996.52 Mechanical complication due to graft of other tissue, not elsewhere classified 996.6 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to internal prosthetic device implant and graft 996.60 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to unspecified device, implant, and graft 996.67 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to other internal orthopedic device, implant, and graft 996.69 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to other internal prosthetic device, implant, and graft 996.7 Other complications due to internal prosthetic device, implant, and graft 996.70 Other complications due to unspecified device, implant, and graft 996.78 Other complications due to other internal orthopedic device, implant, and graft

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996.79 Other complications due to other internal prosthetic device, implant, and graft 997 Complications affecting specified body system not elsewhere classified 997.0 Nervous system complications 997.00 Nervous system complication, unspecified 997.01 Central nervous system complication 997.02 Iatrogenic cerebrovascular infarction or hemorrhage 997.09 Other nervous system complications 997.1 Cardiac complications, not elsewhere classified 997.2 Peripheral vascular complications, not elsewhere classified 997.3 Respiratory complications not elsewhere classified 997.31 Ventilator associated pneumonia 997.32 Postprocedural aspiration pneumonia 997.39 Other respiratory complications 997.4 Digestive system complications not elsewhere classified 997.49 Other digestive system complications 997.5 Urinary complications, not elsewhere classified 997.7 Vascular complications of other vessels 997.79 Vascular complications of other vessels 997.9 Complications affecting other specified body systems not elsewhere classified 997.91 Complications affecting other specified body systems, not elsewhere classified, hypertension 997.99 Complications affecting other specified body systems, not elsewhere classified 998 Other complications of procedures not elsewhere classified 998.0 Postoperative shock not elsewhere classified 998.00 Postoperative shock, unspecified 998.01 Postoperative shock, cardiogenic 998.02 Postoperative shock, septic 998.09 Postoperative shock, other 998.1 Hemorrhage or hematoma complicating a procedure not elsewhere classified 998.11 Hemorrhage complicating a procedure 998.12 Hematoma complicating a procedure 998.13 Seroma complicating a procedure 998.2 Accidental puncture or laceration during a procedure, not elsewhere classified 998.3 Disruption of operation wound 998.30 Disruption of wound, unspecified 998.32 Disruption of external operation (surgical) wound 998.4 Foreign body accidentally left during a procedure 998.5 Postoperative infection not elsewhere classified 998.51 Infected postoperative seroma 998.59 Other postoperative infection 998.6 Persistent postoperative fistula 998.7 Acute reaction to foreign substance accidentally left during a procedure 998.8 Other specified complications of procedures not elsewhere classified 998.81 Emphysema (subcutaneous) (surgical) resulting from procedure 998.83 Non-healing surgical wound 998.89 Other specified complications of procedures not elsewhere classified 998.9 Unspecified complication of procedure, not elsewhere classified

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Appendix 4. Comorbidities according to hospital-related outcomes.

Weighted Frequency

(%) Death (%)

Complications (%)

Length of Stay

(Days)

Routine Disposition

(%)

Total Hospital Charge (USD)

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

0.1±<0.01 <0.1±<0.1 9.5±6.4 8.6±1.0 33.3±10.3 102,869±13,933

Alcohol abuse 2.6±0.1 0.9±0.3 0.9±0.3 6.7±0.2 39.6±1.8 77,876±2,327 Deficiency anemia 18.8±0.2 0.9±0.1 1.7±0.2 7.2±0.1 23.7±0.6 78,255±978 Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular disease

6.8±0.1 0.2±0.1 2.0±0.3 6.1±0.1 27.5±1.0 65,756±1,144

Chronic blood loss anemia 0.5±0.0 2.9±1.5 1.5±1.0 8.6±0.6 22.1±3.6 78,712±5,231

Congestive heart failure

15.9±0.2 1.3±0.2 1.4±0.2 7.6±0.1 18.2±0.6 75,990±1,151

Chronic pulmonary disease 27.5±0.2 0.9±0.1 1.3±0.1 6.5±0.1 28.1±0.5 72,833±771

Coagulopathy 4.8±0.1 1.6±0.3 2.1±0.4 8.3±0.2 26.4±1.2 92,326±2,503 Depression 15.4±0.2 0.6±0.1 1.1±0.2 6.2±0.1 25.3±0.6 67,822±921 Diabetes, uncomplicated

16.6±0.2 0.7±0.1 1.1±0.2 6.2±0.1 28.3±0.1 68,462±801

Diabetes with chronic complications

5.8±0.1 0.9±0.2 1.2±0.3 7.2±0.1 22.0±1.0 78,203±1,734

Drug abuse 1.6±0.1 0.2±0.2 1.7±0.6 7.8±0.3 38.7±2.3 88,930±3,627 Hypertension (uncomplicated and complicated)

70.8±0.3 0.6±0.1 1.2±<0.1 6.1±<0.1 26.4±0.3 68,082±522

Hypothyroidism 21.5±0.2 0.5±0.1 1.3±0.1 5.8±0.1 23.1±0.5 65,734±772 Liver disease 2.9±0.1 0.8±0.3 1.6±0.4 7.4±0.3 33.8±1.6 82,658±3,220 Lymphoma 3.2±0.1 1.3±0.4 1.8±0.4 8.0±0.2 38.4±1.6 92,316±3,188 Fluid and electrolyte disorder 28.9±0.3 1.2±0.1 1.5±0.1 7.4±0.1 21.1±0.5 77,032±888

Metastatic cancer 5.4±0.2 2.1±0.4 1.7±0.3 8.4±0.2 36.4±1.2 94,593±1,886 Other neurological disorder 12.2±0.2 0.6±0.1 1.3±0.2 6.4±0.1 20.5±0.7 69,731±987

Obesity 7.8±0.2 0.7±0.2 1.5±0.3 7.0±0.1 30.1±1.0 78,501±1,744 Paralysis 2.2±0.1 1.1±0.4 3.3±0.7 8.0±0.4 13.4±1.3 88,971±3,364 Peripheral vascular disorders 7.3±0.2 1.0±0.2 1.3±0.2 6.6±0.1 24.0±0.9 70,179±1,295

Psychoses 3.0±0.1 0.7±0.3 1.1±0.4 7.1±0.2 24.8±1.5 76,747±2,976 Pulmonary circulation disorder 3.4±0.1 2.7±0.5 3.2±0.6 8.4±0.2 19.3±1.2 80,070±2,197

Renal failure 13.3±0.2 1.1±0.2 1.4±0.2 6.9±0.1 22.1±0.7 73,545±1,133 Solid tumor without metastasis 2.7±0.1 1.1±0.4 1.7±0.5 7.0±0.2 30.7±1.7 77,336±2,127

Peptic ulcer disease excluding bleeding 0.3±0.00 <0.1±<0.1 2.1±1.5 7.8±0.6 28.7±4.8 96,034±7,783

Valvular disease 7.9±0.2 0.8±0.2 1.5±0.3 6.5±0.1 21.8±0.9 67,599±1,097 Weight loss 6.3±0.2 2.7±0.4 1.9±0.3 9.3±0.2 18.2±0.9 92,705±2,539

* P<0.05 for intergroup comparison. Routine disposition was defined as discharge to home or self-

care.

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