TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNTS 2006-07: Summary Spreadsheets

8.4%

12.7%

10.8%

14.2%

Thiep Van Ho, Ray Spurr, Daniel Pambudi, Peter Forsyth,

Larry Dwyer and Serajul Hoque

Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research CentreCentre for Economics and Policy

TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNTS 2006–07: Summary Spreadsheets


ii

Disclaimer While all reasonable efforts have been made to gather the most current and appropriate information, the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre (STCRC) does not give any warranty as to the correctness, completeness or suitability of the information, and shall in no event be liable for any loss or damage that might be suffered as a result of reliance on this information. Please direct all enquiries to STCRC—contact details are on the back cover.

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National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Tourism satellite accounts 200607: summary spreadsheets / Thiep van Ho ... [et al.]. ISBNs: 9781921521379 (pbk), 9781921521386 (online). Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Tourism—Australia—Statistics. Other Authors/Contributors: Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. Dewey Number: 338.479194021 Copyright © CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd 2008 All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. Any enquiries should be directed to: General Manager, Communications and Industry Extension or Publishing Manager, [email protected] First published in Australia in 2008 by CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd Printed in Australia (Gold Coast, Queensland)

Acknowledgements The Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, established and supported under the Australian Government’s Cooperative Research Centres Program, funded this research. This document results from a research project undertaken by the STCRC, in conjunction with each Australian state and territory tourism authority. Qantas Airways Limited is a major supporter of STCRC and its Centre for Economics and Policy (CEP), through its sponsorship of the Qantas Chair in Travel and Tourism Economics at the University of New South Wales.

http://sustainabletourismcrc.cmail3.com/l/424209/s4i6d21/www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?sm=cCMy_2fyZbjAjkr2Vy5LopCg_3d_3d�

mailto:[email protected]�


iii

Authors The following members of the STCRC’s Centre for Economics and Policy (CEP) contributed to this research:

• Dr Thiep Van Ho—Senior Economic Modeller, STCRC CEP, Monash University

• Ray Spurr—Director of STCRC CEP, Senior STCRC Research Fellow, School of Marketing, University

of New South Wales

• Dr Daniel Pambudi—Research Fellow, STCRC CEP, Monash University

• Professor Peter Forsyth—Professor of Economics and Deputy Director, Tourism Research Unit, Monash

University

• Professor Larry Dwyer—Qantas Professor of Travel and Tourism Economics at the University of New

South Wales

• Dr Serajul Hoque—Research Fellow, STCRC CEP, Monash University

Dr Ho played a key role in developing the methodology and analysis for this report. Dr Pambudi was responsible for research and assembling of data.


iv


v

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ___________________________________________________________________ II AUTHORS _____________________________________________________________________________ III LIST OF FIGURES ________________________________________________________________________ V LIST OF TABLES ________________________________________________________________________ VI

INTRODUCTION________________________________________________________________________ 1

SUMMARY OF RESULTS ________________________________________________________________ 3

DIRECT CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM ________________________________________________________ 4 INDIRECT CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM _______________________________________________________ 4 TOURISM CONSUMPTION__________________________________________________________________ 8 TOURISM INDUSTRY OUTPUT _____________________________________________________________ 10 TOURISM INDUSTRY GROSS VALUE ADDED (TGVA) ___________________________________________ 12 TOURISM INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT ________________________________________________________ 14 TOURISM INTERSTATE TRADE_____________________________________________________________ 15

APPENDIX A: DEFINITIONS OF SELECTED TERMS ______________________________________ 19

APPENDIX B: CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM TO STATE AND TERRITORY ECONOMIES, 2003–04 __________________________________________________________________ 20

REFERENCES _________________________________________________________________________ 21

GLOSSARY____________________________________________________________________________ 22

List of Figures Figure 1: Direct and indirect contribution of state and territory tourism GVA, 2006–07, $m_______________ 4 Figure 2: Direct and indirect contribution of tourism to state and territory

net taxes on tourism products, 2006–07, $m ____________________________________________ 5 Figure 3: Direct and indirect contribution of state and territory tourism GSP, 2006–07, $m _______________ 5 Figure 4: Direct and indirect contribution of state and territory tourism employment, 2006–07, ‘000________ 6 Figure 5: Share of tourism in state and territory gross industry value added, direct contribution, 2006–07, %_ 6 Figure 6: Share of tourism in gross state and territory product, direct contribution, 2006–07, % ___________ 7 Figure 7: Share of tourism in state and territory employment, direct contribution, 2006–07, %_____________ 7 Figure 8: Tourism consumption by state and territory, 2006–07, $m _________________________________ 9 Figure 9: Tourism output by state and territory, 2006–07, $m______________________________________ 10 Figure 10: Tourism value added, by state and territory, 2006–07, $m _______________________________ 12 Figure 11: Tourism employment, by state and territory, 2006–07, $m________________________________ 14 Figure 12: Tourism value added, interstate trade, by state & territory, 2006–07, $m____________________ 16 Figure 13: State & territory share of total tourism interstate trade value added, 2006–07, $m ____________ 17 Figure 14: Tourism employment, interstate trade, by state & territory, 2006–07, ‘000___________________ 18 Figure 15: State and territory share of total tourism interstate trade employment, 2006–07, %____________ 18


vi

List of Tables Table 1: Estimates of direct, indirect and total contribution of tourism by state and territory, 2006–07 ______ 3 Table 2A: Tourism consumption by state and territory, 2006–07, $m _________________________________ 8 Table 2B: Tourism consumption, 2006–07, share of Australia by state and territory _____________________ 9 Table 3A: Tourism output by state and territory, 2006–07, $m _____________________________________ 10 Table 3B: Tourism output, 2006–07, share by state and territory ___________________________________ 11 Table 4A: Tourism value added by state and territory, 2006–07, $m_________________________________ 12 Table 4B: Tourism value added, 2006–07, share by state and territory_______________________________ 13 Table 5A: Tourism employment by state and territory, 2006–07, '000________________________________ 14 Table 5B: Tourism employment, 2006–07, share by state and territory_______________________________ 15 Table 6A: Tourism output, interstate trade, 2006–07, by state and territory, $m________________________ 15 Table 6B: Tourism output, interstate trade, 2006–07, share by state and territory ______________________ 16 Table 7A: Tourism value added, interstate trade by state and territory, 2006–07, $m ___________________ 16 Table 7B: Tourism value added, interstate trade, 2006–07, share by state and territory _________________ 17 Table 8A: Tourism employment, interstate trade, 2006–07, by state and territory, '000__________________ 17 Table 8B: Tourism employment, interstate trade, 2006–07, share by state and territory _________________ 18 Table B1: Estimates of direct, indirect and total contribution of tourism, by state and territory, 2003–04 ____ 20


1

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

This report provides summary estimates of the contribution of tourism to the economies of each of the Australian states and territories. It should be read in conjunction with individual Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) reports for each of the state and territories which are being prepared by the Centre for Economics and Policy of the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre (STCRC). These reports, which contain more detailed breakdowns of the data than are presented here, are being released separately during November 2008. The information in all of these reports has been reconciled against the most recent Australian Tourism Satellite Account (ATSA) results which were published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) on 17 April 20081.

The report has been produced as part of a project by the STCRC Centre for Economics and Policy (CEP), a

research unit of the STCRC, in partnership with the Australian states and territories. These studies adopt the internationally agreed TSA methodology and definitions2.

The project has involved developing a set of TSA for each Australian state and territory. These take the same

form as the ATSA published by the ABS3. They are each consistent in terms of concepts, definitions and primary tourism data sources with the ATSA. The reports have been developed for the year 2006–07, the most recent year for which ATSA results have been released.

The development of these TSA has involved finding solutions to a range of issues, including those arising

from data limitations at the state and territory level, the differing industrial structures between the states and limited availability of data on interstate trade, and the need to ensure overall consistency in methods, definitions and aggregate results with the ATSA.

To deal with the above issues a combination of top-down and bottom-up data and analysis has been used.

Wherever possible, state specific data has been used to construct the TSA for each state and territory. However, in order to maximise consistency across the eight TSAs, and importantly with the ATSA, it has also been necessary to maximise the use of consistent data sets. Thus Input-Output tables for each state have been derived from the MMRF-Green Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model developed by the Centre of Policy Studies (CoPS) at Monash University4. Tourism expenditure data are sourced from a data set produced by the Federal Government’s tourism research and statistical agency, Tourism Research Australia, under which top-down and bottom-up information has been used to allocate visitor expenditure from the two major national tourism surveys (the International Visitor Survey, IVS and the National Visitor Survey, NVS) to regions across Australia5. (Further details on data sources and methods are provided in Appendix A to each of the state and territory reports).

The TSA estimates for each of the states and territories have been reconciled with the national ATSA

produced by the ABS to ensure that the individual state results sum to the national totals and that individual data problems have been resolved in ways which do not detract from overall consistency across the national and state TSAs.

These TSA reports contain both direct and, for the first time in STCRC TSA reports, indirect effects of

tourism expenditures. The direct effect of tourism expenditures is consistent with the internationally agreed TSA methodology6. While direct effects are considered to be the most appropriate measure for comparison of the economic contribution of tourism with other non-tourism industries, the aggregation of tourism’s direct and indirect effects can be useful, for example, as an aid to understanding the wider flow-on effects of tourism to output and employment across the economy.

1 Australian Bureau of Statistics 2008a

2 OECD et al. 2000


4 Adams 2008 and 2006

5 Tourism Research Australia 2005

6 OECD et al. 2000


2

Several of the sources and methods used to compile the 2006–07 TSA reports have involved improvements over the earlier 2003–04 reports. Every effort has been made to keep the results comparable with those provided in the earlier set of TSA, however, a number of changes have occurred which mean that any comparison between the data results should be approached with considerable caution. In particular the 2006-07 report was benchmarked to data from the ATSA released by the ABS in 2008. This data included revisions made by the ABS to the 2007 ATSA against STCRC's 2003-04 TSA reports were benchmarked. A revised and updated version of the MMRF data base was also adopted for the 2006-07 report, this being the only version available. In particular, we have identified variations in the employment output ratios used. These reduce the reliability of comparisons between the employment estimates for the two years. A table summarizing results from the 2003-04 research has been attached at Annex B for reference.

TSA are static sets of accounts designed to complement the System of National Accounts. They can measure

the size or economic contribution of the tourism industry, in terms of such variables as output, value added, and with the inclusion of an employment module as provided here, employment. They also provide information about the detailed composition of the industry, for example, by indicating how much value added is present in the accommodation part of the industry or the local transport part. This information about the size of the industry is useful for policy makers and in applications, which require measures of the size and content of the tourism industry. Thus, for example, TSA for Australia have been used to measure trends in the productivity, prices and profitability of the tourism industry as a whole7.

TSA however, are not, per se, economic impact models. Impact models are used to estimate the impact that

one change—for example, a boom in inbound tourism to a region—will have on economic variables of interest, such as gross output in the region or employment. A subsequent phase of the current research work being carried out by the STCRC CEP is to link the state and territory TSA with tourism Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) based economic impact models. The resulting suite of tourism CGE models and TSAs developed under this project will make it possible to explore a wide range of tourism measurement and economic impact issues at the state and national level in Australia. This could include analysis of the impacts of changes in various aspects of tourism demand and analysis of the likely impacts of changes in government policies. These economic impact models will be completed by early 2009.

The resulting linked and fully integrated suite of eight state and territory TSAs and CGE models, supported

by a detailed breakdown of tourism taxes, will be unique in the world for its provision of rigorous and consistent statistical data on the economic contribution of tourism across each of the state and territory economies, using internationally and nationally endorsed concepts and definitions, and fully reconciled with the national TSA as produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. It will provide a hitherto unavailable resource for understanding tourism’s economic contribution and for future analysis and research at the Australian national and state and territory levels.

7 Dwyer et al. 2005


3

Chapter 2

SUMMARY OF RESULTS

Table 1: Estimates of direct, indirect and total contribution of tourism by state and territory, 2006–078

Direct contribution NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS Tourism GVA ($m) 11279.75 6905.29 7127.92 1842.97 2972.66 835.86 775.78 565.79 32306.02

Tourism net taxes on products ($m) 2057.37 1343.98 1657.27 412.52 682.06 188.43 158.14 130.26 6630.05

Tourism GSP, GDP ($m) 13337.13 8249.28 8785.19 2255.49 3654.72 1024.29 933.92 696.05 38936.06

Tourism employment ('000) 157.80 102.18 118.90 27.70 45.66 13.70 9.68 7.28 482.90

GVA ($m) 306979.75 230645.30 181638.56 62652.05 127784.47 18640.47 13369.55 20170.13 961880.26

Tourism share of GVA (%) 3.67 2.99 3.92 2.94 2.33 4.48 5.80 2.81 3.36

GSP, GDP ($m) 335144.00 247440.00 195704.00 69540.00 141368.00 21088.00 14494.00 21586.00 1046364.00

Tourism share of GSP, GDP (%) 3.98 3.33 4.49 3.24 2.59 4.86 6.44 3.22 3.72

Employment ('000) 3307.22 2548.89 2091.72 755.43 1085.53 223.16 102.46 188.01 10302.42

Tourism share of employment (%) 4.77 4.01 5.68 3.67 4.21 6.14 9.45 3.87 4.69

Indirect contribution NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS Tourism GVA ($m) 8746.41 6523.68 5695.03 1885.30 3187.48 701.99 703.20 495.73 27938.82


Tourism GSP, GDP ($m) 9216.75 6873.34 6099.32 1992.00 3355.83 757.09 748.66 529.03 29572.01


Total contribution NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS Tourism GVA ($m) 20026.16 13428.98 12822.96 3728.27 6160.13 1537.84 1478.98 1061.52 60244.83


Tourism GSP, GDP ($m) 22553.87 15122.61 14884.51 4247.49 7010.55 1781.37 1682.58 1225.08 68508.07


Ratio of total to direct NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS Tourism GVA ($m) 1.78 1.94 1.80 2.02 2.07 1.84 1.91 1.88 1.86

Tourism net taxes on products 1.23 1.26 1.24 1.26 1.25 1.29 1.29 1.26 1.25

Tourism GSP, GDP ($m) 1.69 1.83 1.69 1.88 1.92 1.74 1.80 1.76 1.76


Share of indirect in total contribution NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS

Tourism GVA ($m) 43.67 48.58 44.41 50.57 51.74 45.65 47.55 46.70 46.38

Tourism net taxes on products 18.61 20.65 19.61 20.55 19.80 22.63 22.33 20.36 19.76

Tourism GSP, GDP ($m) 40.87 45.45 40.98 46.90 47.87 42.50 44.49 43.18 43.17


8 A table of comparable results to Table 1 above derived from STCRC’s 2003–04 TSA analysis is attached for ease of reference for comparison purposes at Appendix B.


4

Direct Contribution of Tourism In 2006–07, total tourism consumption in Australia was $84.8 billion. In terms of direct economic contribution, this tourism consumption generated $71.6 billion of Australian industry output, $32.3 billion of industry gross value added, $38.9 billion of gross domestic product, and 482.9 thousand jobs [source: ABS Tourism Satellite Account, 5249.0, 2006–07] 9. These direct contributions of tourism represent 3.4% of Australia’s GVA, 3.7% of GDP, and 4.7% of total employment (as set out in Table 1 above).

Indirect Contribution of Tourism In order to produce $71.6 billion of Australian industry output as required to satisfy the tourism consumption, Australian industries use inputs from both tourism and non-tourism industries. Via inter-industry linkages, this input demand generates an indirect effect on Australia’s industry output, and hence on its value added, GDP and employment. Using an input-output model with some adjustments to ensure consistency with the STCRC TSA analysis, it is estimated that tourism consumption in 2006–07 produced an indirect economic contribution of $28.0 billion on Australia’s industry gross value added, $29.6 billion on its GDP, and 366 thousand jobs.

For Australia, the indirect economic contribution of tourism on GVA, GDP and employment represents 46.4% of total (direct plus indirect) tourism GVA, 43.2% of total tourism GDP and 43.1% of total tourism employment.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM GVA

Figure 1: Direct and indirect contribution of state and territory tourism GVA, 2006–07, $m


GV

A ($

m)


5

DIRECT AND INDIRECT CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM TO NET TAXES ON TOURISM PRODUCTS

Figure 2: Direct and indirect contribution of tourism to state and territory net taxes on tourism products, 2006–07, $m

DIRECT AND INDIRECT CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM GSP

Figure 3: Direct and indirect contribution of state and territory tourism GSP, 2006–07, $m

Net

taxe

s on

prod

ucts

($m

) G

SP ($

m)


6

DIRECT AND INDIRECT CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM EMPLOYMENT

Figure 4: Direct and indirect contribution of state and territory tourism employment, 2006–07, ‘000

SHARE OF TOURISM IN GROSS INDUSTRY VALUE ADDED (GIVA), %

Figure 5: Share of tourism in state and territory gross industry value added, direct contribution, 2006–07, %

Em

ploy

ed p

erso

ns ('

000)

%


7

SHARE OF TOURISM IN GROSS STATE PRODUCT (GSP), %

Figure 6: Share of tourism in gross state and territory product, direct contribution, 2006–07, %

SHARE OF TOURISM IN STATE AND TERRITORY EMPLOYMENT, %

Figure 7: Share of tourism in state and territory employment, direct contribution, 2006–07, %

%

%


8

Tourism Consumption Tourism consumption is the total consumption of all visitors, or made on behalf of a visitor, for and during his or her trip and stay at the destination. It includes actual and imputed expenditures (for certain services for which no payment is made such as the imputed rental for accommodation in a self owned holiday home). Also included is consumption before and after the trip provided the expenditures are related to the trip, such as the purchase of luggage or film processing.

Table 2A: Tourism consumption by state and territory, 2006–07, $m

Tourism Products NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS

Travel agency and tour operator services 599 373 780 148 210 161 108 70 2450

Taxi fares 284 203 206 37 62 16 19 29 855

Long distance passenger transportation 4282 2567 3312 607 1477 375 501 252 13371

Motor vehicle hire and lease 315 191 500 72 223 95 116 27 1539

Accommodation services 3058 1664 2493 434 894 229 251 190 9213

Takeaway and restaurant meals 4009 2464 3215 712 1122 349 256 275 12401

Shopping (including gifts and souvenirs) 3750 2519 3290 671 1122 322 186 178 12038

Local area passenger transportation 251 134 128 20 42 14 14 7 609

Repair and maintenance of motor vehicles 165 95 124 31 68 13 17 8 521

Fuel (petrol, diesel) 1988 1268 1402 431 689 192 157 131 6257

Food products 2290 1324 1863 438 759 210 176 89 7148

Alcoholic beverages and other beverages 1409 902 1169 310 475 121 97 70 4554

Motor vehicles, caravans, boats, etc. 420 208 295 82 197 32 41 26 1301

Recreational, cultural and sports services 791 556 851 131 202 66 52 43 2693

Gambling and betting services 310 285 279 57 103 42 38 35 1149

Education 1048 840 558 133 309 51 37 40 3016

Actual and imputed rent on holiday houses 1053 638 456 202 215 55 22 48 2689

Other tourism goods and services 963 648 652 179 317 56 86 59 2958

Total 26984 16879 21572 4693 8487 2397 2173 1577 84762


9

Figure 8: Tourism consumption by state and territory, 2006–07, $m

Table 2B: Tourism consumption, 2006–07, share of Australia by state and territory

Tourism Products NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS

Travel agency and tour operator services 0.245 0.152 0.319 0.060 0.086 0.066 0.044 0.029 1

Taxi fares 0.332 0.237 0.241 0.043 0.072 0.019 0.022 0.034 1

Long distance passenger transportation 0.320 0.192 0.248 0.045 0.110 0.028 0.037 0.019 1

Motor vehicle hire and lease 0.205 0.124 0.325 0.046 0.145 0.062 0.075 0.018 1

Accommodation services 0.332 0.181 0.271 0.047 0.097 0.025 0.027 0.021 1

Takeaway and restaurant meals 0.323 0.199 0.259 0.057 0.090 0.028 0.021 0.022 1

Shopping (including gifts and souvenirs) 0.311 0.209 0.273 0.056 0.093 0.027 0.015 0.015 1

Local area passenger transportation 0.413 0.220 0.209 0.032 0.069 0.022 0.023 0.011 1

Repair and maintenance of motor vehicles 0.316 0.181 0.238 0.060 0.131 0.025 0.033 0.015 1

Fuel (petrol, diesel) 0.318 0.203 0.224 0.069 0.110 0.031 0.025 0.021 1

Food products 0.320 0.185 0.261 0.061 0.106 0.029 0.025 0.012 1

Alcoholic beverages and other beverages 0.309 0.198 0.257 0.068 0.104 0.026 0.021 0.015 1

Motor vehicles, caravans, boats, etc. 0.322 0.160 0.227 0.063 0.152 0.024 0.031 0.020 1

Recreational, cultural and sports services 0.294 0.206 0.316 0.049 0.075 0.025 0.019 0.016 1

Gambling and betting services 0.270 0.248 0.243 0.050 0.089 0.037 0.033 0.031 1

Education 0.347 0.279 0.185 0.044 0.103 0.017 0.012 0.013 1

Actual and imputed rent on holiday houses 0.392 0.237 0.169 0.075 0.080 0.020 0.008 0.018 1

Other tourism goods and services 0.326 0.219 0.220 0.060 0.107 0.019 0.029 0.020 1

State & territory share of total Australia 0.318 0.199 0.254 0.055 0.100 0.028 0.026 0.019 1


10

Tourism Industry Output Tourism industry output measures the value of goods and services produced by establishments to satisfy visitor consumption, excluding net taxes on tourism products (taxes less subsidies).

Table 3A: Tourism output by state and territory, 2006–07, $m

Tourism Industries NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS


Taxi transport 277 204 197 36 60 16 18 25 833

Air and water transport 6211 1847 1915 401 667 140 380 140 11700

Motor vehicle hiring 276 168 438 63 196 83 102 24 1348

Accommodation 2994 1630 2441 425 875 224 245 186 9021

Cafes, restaurants and food outlets 3003 1846 2408 534 841 261 192 206 9291

Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars 760 467 610 135 213 66 49 52 2352

Other road transport 844 536 377 122 173 66 104 54 2276

Rail transport 382 247 276 34 109 6 10 12 1077

Food manufacturing 1372 946 866 204 336 114 11 9 3858

Beverage manufacturing 549 461 434 339 212 30 0 0 2026

Transport equipment manufacturing 268 176 84 57 48 5 6 3 648

Other manufacturing 897 992 474 148 226 80 12 8 2838

Automotive fuel retailing 274 355 115 0 71 0 0 0 816

Other retail trade 2196 1400 1549 476 761 212 173 144 6911

Casinos and other gambling services 89 81 80 16 29 12 11 10 328

Libraries, museums and arts 228 160 245 38 58 19 15 12 775

Other entertainment services 462 325 497 77 118 39 31 25 1574

Education 957 767 510 121 283 47 34 36 2755

Ownership of dwellings 1048 635 453 201 214 55 22 48 2675

All other industries 2062 1877 1200 231 640 76 114 74 6274

Total 25687 15456 15870 3791 6320 1695 1625 1133 71577

Figure 9: Tourism output by state and territory, 2006–07, $m


11

Table 3B: Tourism output, 2006–07, share by state and territory



Taxi transport 0.332 0.245 0.236 0.043 0.072 0.019 0.022 0.030 1

Air and water transport 0.531 0.158 0.164 0.034 0.057 0.012 0.032 0.012 1

Motor vehicle hiring 0.205 0.124 0.325 0.046 0.145 0.062 0.075 0.018 1

Accommodation 0.332 0.181 0.271 0.047 0.097 0.025 0.027 0.021 1

Cafes, restaurants and food outlets 0.323 0.199 0.259 0.057 0.090 0.028 0.021 0.022 1

Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars 0.323 0.199 0.259 0.057 0.090 0.028 0.021 0.022 1

Other road transport 0.371 0.236 0.165 0.054 0.076 0.029 0.046 0.024 1

Rail transport 0.355 0.229 0.256 0.032 0.101 0.005 0.010 0.012 1

Food manufacturing 0.356 0.245 0.225 0.053 0.087 0.030 0.003 0.002 1

Beverage manufacturing 0.271 0.228 0.214 0.168 0.105 0.015 0.000 0.000 1

Transport equipment manufacturing 0.414 0.272 0.130 0.088 0.074 0.007 0.010 0.004 1

Other manufacturing 0.316 0.350 0.167 0.052 0.080 0.028 0.004 0.003 1

Automotive fuel retailing 0.336 0.436 0.141 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 1

Other retail trade 0.318 0.203 0.224 0.069 0.110 0.031 0.025 0.021 1

Casinos and other gambling services 0.270 0.248 0.243 0.050 0.089 0.037 0.033 0.031 1

Libraries, museums and arts 0.294 0.206 0.316 0.049 0.075 0.025 0.019 0.016 1

Other entertainment services 0.294 0.206 0.316 0.049 0.075 0.025 0.019 0.016 1

Education 0.347 0.279 0.185 0.044 0.103 0.017 0.012 0.013 1

Ownership of dwellings 0.392 0.237 0.169 0.075 0.080 0.020 0.008 0.018 1

All other industries 0.329 0.299 0.191 0.037 0.102 0.012 0.018 0.012 1



12

Tourism Industry Gross Value Added (TGVA) Tourism industry gross value added (TGVA) represents the total basic value of Australian produced goods and services consumed by all visitors (international, interstate, intrastate, and outbound) after deducting the cost of goods and services used in the process of production. Value added is the most widely accepted measure of the contribution of an industry to the economy.

Table 4A: Tourism value added by state and territory, 2006–07, $m



Taxi transport 107 85 79 14 28 6 10 11 340


Motor vehicle hiring 171 104 268 39 120 52 63 15 832

Accommodation 1522 822 1228 215 435 115 118 93 4547

Cafes, restaurants and food outlets 1024 625 812 181 280 90 62 69 3143

Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars 328 200 261 58 90 29 20 22 1008

Other road transport 338 229 155 51 82 25 61 24 965

Rail transport 199 139 97 19 82 2 4 7 549





Automotive fuel retailing 75 127 37 0 18 0 0 0 257

Other retail trade 1121 742 846 306 458 138 98 99 3808

Casinos and other gambling services 50 45 44 10 16 7 6 6 184

Libraries, museums and arts 126 86 132 21 32 11 8 7 422

Other entertainment services 131 90 138 22 33 11 8 7 441

Education 742 594 391 94 219 36 25 24 2124

Ownership of dwellings 839 521 379 171 182 47 19 40 2198

All other industries 982 805 647 154 317 51 73 48 3078

Total 11280 6905 7128 1843 2973 836 776 566 32306

Figure 10: Tourism value added, by state and territory, 2006–07, $m


13

Table 4B: Tourism value added, 2006–07, share by state and territory



Taxi transport 0.316 0.250 0.231 0.043 0.082 0.017 0.031 0.031 1


Motor vehicle hiring 0.205 0.125 0.322 0.047 0.144 0.063 0.076 0.019 1

Accommodation 0.335 0.181 0.270 0.047 0.096 0.025 0.026 0.020 1

Cafes, restaurants and food outlets 0.326 0.199 0.258 0.058 0.089 0.029 0.020 0.022 1


Other road transport 0.350 0.237 0.161 0.053 0.085 0.026 0.064 0.024 1

Rail transport 0.363 0.253 0.177 0.034 0.149 0.004 0.007 0.012 1





Automotive fuel retailing 0.291 0.495 0.144 0.000 0.070 0.000 0.000 0.000 1

Other retail trade 0.294 0.195 0.222 0.080 0.120 0.036 0.026 0.026 1




Education 0.349 0.280 0.184 0.044 0.103 0.017 0.012 0.011 1

Ownership of dwellings 0.382 0.237 0.172 0.078 0.083 0.021 0.009 0.018 1




14

Tourism Industry Employment Tourism employed persons is derived by multiplying the number of employed persons in each industry by the proportion of total output of the industry, which is related to tourism. An employed person is aged 15 years or over who, during the reference week of the relevant Labour Force survey, worked for one hour or more for pay, profit, commission or payment in-kind in a job or business.

Table 5A: Tourism employment by state and territory, 2006–07, '000

Tourism Industries NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS Travel agency and tour operator services 5.331 3.322 6.944 1.315 1.868 1.430 0.964 0.625 21.8 Road transport and motor vehicle hiring 7.912 5.378 6.116 1.417 2.368 0.895 0.967 0.446 25.5

Air and water transport 17.337 5.336 6.064 1.277 1.891 0.422 0.876 0.297 33.5

Accommodation 22.903 13.244 20.494 3.710 6.824 1.888 1.309 1.028 71.4

Cafes and restaurants 16.006 10.453 14.087 3.249 4.567 1.532 0.713 0.793 51.4

Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars 7.474 4.881 6.577 1.517 2.133 0.715 0.333 0.370 24.0

Rail transport 1.022 0.660 0.859 0.111 0.306 0.018 0.024 0.000 3.0

Manufacturing 10.103 8.585 6.935 2.200 2.673 1.119 0.104 0.081 31.8

Retail trade 38.160 24.332 26.911 8.270 13.232 3.680 3.005 2.510 120.1 Casinos and other gambling services 0.455 0.422 0.491 0.101 0.163 0.079 0.049 0.040 1.8

Libraries, museums and arts 2.660 1.887 3.438 0.529 0.735 0.282 0.157 0.113 9.8

Other entertainment services 3.691 2.618 4.771 0.734 1.020 0.392 0.217 0.157 13.6

Education 11.958 8.951 6.443 1.666 3.638 0.681 0.377 0.485 34.2

All other industries 12.791 12.111 8.765 1.609 4.242 0.562 0.585 0.334 41.0

Total tourism employed persons 157.802 102.179 118.898 27.703 45.660 13.696 9.682 7.280 482.9

Figure 11: Tourism employment, by state and territory, 2006–07, $m


15

Table 5B: Tourism employment, 2006–07, share by state and territory



Road transport and motor vehicle hiring 0.310 0.211 0.240 0.056 0.093 0.035 0.038 0.018 1


Accommodation 0.321 0.185 0.287 0.052 0.096 0.026 0.018 0.014 1

Cafes and restaurants 0.311 0.203 0.274 0.063 0.089 0.030 0.014 0.015 1


Rail transport 0.341 0.220 0.286 0.037 0.102 0.006 0.008 0.000 1

Manufacturing 0.318 0.270 0.218 0.069 0.084 0.035 0.003 0.003 1

Retail trade 0.318 0.203 0.224 0.069 0.110 0.031 0.025 0.021 1




Education 0.350 0.262 0.188 0.049 0.106 0.020 0.011 0.014 1


State & territory share of tourism employed persons in Australia 0.327 0.212 0.246 0.057 0.095 0.028 0.020 0.015 1

Tourism Interstate Trade A particular complication in developing TSA at the regional level is that, unlike in the case of the national TSA, state and territory TSA need to include a term for interstate trade in tourism. A state may produce tourism goods and services which are consumed in another state, for example, the sale of wine produced in one state but sold to visitors in another state. Similarly, in the case of aviation services, an airline may be based in one state but provide services within another. If the production of these goods and services was not counted as part of the tourism production within the state, then aggregate state tourism production would be inconsistent with that provided in the national TSA (ATSA). Consistency with the national data has been a primary aim of this state and territory TSA analysis in order to provide a check on the rigour of the results and ensure their comparability, both to the national data and across states and territories.

The methodology adopted for this report ensures that the production of goods and services for consumption by visitors in other states is already incorporated into the data sets for consumption, output, TGVA, TGSP, and employment. The following table provides some detail on the amount of this production which is involved in interstate trade. It lists output for tourism interstate trade for the two primary categories of tourism goods and services which are traded between states: manufacturers and aviation services. Other items of interstate trade in tourism are likely to be relatively small and are almost impossible to estimate from existing data sources.

Table 6A: Tourism output, interstate trade, 2006–07, by state and territory, $m







Total 5105 2562 1722 774 760 222 367 147 11657


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Table 6B: Tourism output, interstate trade, 2006–07, share by state and territory







State & territory share of total Australia

0.438 0.22 0.148 0.066 0.065 0.019 0.031 0.013 1

Table 7A: Tourism value added, interstate trade by state and territory, 2006–07, $m



Food manufacturing 109.50 100.90 38.00 19.90 19.10 14.20 0.30 0.80 302.60

Beverage manufacturing 48.60 70.50 28.20 98.50 15.80 5.40 0.00 0.00 267.00

Transport equipment manufacturing 32.40 30.80 6.80 9.30 2.70 0.60 0.60 0.40 83.60

Other manufacturing 69.10 142.10 10.40 13.50 14.50 15.30 1.10 2.20 268.20

Total 1786.90 875.50 560.20 281.70 237.40 74.70 124.60 48.40 3989.30

Figure 12: Tourism value added, interstate trade, by state and territory, 2006–07, $m


17

Table 7B: Tourism value added, interstate trade, 2006–07, share by state and territory







State & territory share of total Australia

0.448 0.219 0.14 0.071 0.059 0.019 0.031 0.012 1

Figure 13: State and territory share of total tourism interstate trade value added, 2006–07, $m

Table 8A: Tourism employment, interstate trade, 2006–07, by state and territory, '000



Manufacturing 2.877 3.787 1.116 0.883 0.555 0.560 0.022 0.040 9.839

Total tourism employed persons 14.675 7.978 5.571 2.078 2.218 0.889 0.852 0.33 34.592


18

Figure 14: Tourism employment, interstate trade, by state and territory, 2006–07, ‘000

Table 8B: Tourism employment, interstate trade, 2006–07, share by state and territory

Figure 15: State and territory share of total tourism interstate trade employment, 2006–07, %



Manufacturing 0.292 0.385 0.113 0.090 0.056 0.057 0.002 0.004 1

State & territory share of total tourism interstate trade employment

0.424 0.231 0.161 0.06 0.064 0.026 0.025 0.010 1


19

APPENDIX A: DEFINITIONS OF SELECTED TERMS*

Tourism Consumption Tourism consumption is the total consumption made by visitors, or on behalf of a visitor, for and during his/her trip and stay at the destination. Included in this definition are both actual expenditures and imputations for the consumption by visitors of certain services for which they do not make a payment. Consumption before and after the trip is likewise included provided the expenditures are related to the trip, such as the purchase of luggage or film processing. Tourism Output Tourism output is measured at ‘basic prices’, that is before any taxes on tourism product are added (or any subsidies on tourism products are deducted). Output consists of those goods and services that are produced within an establishment that become available for use outside that establishment, plus any goods and services produced for own final use. Tourism Gross Value Added (TGVA) Tourism gross value added measures the value of tourism gross output at basic prices by all industries which supply tourism products, less the value of the inputs used in producing these tourism products. Tourism gross value added is directly comparable with the value added of ‘conventional’ industries such as mining and manufacturing and should also be used for comparisons across countries or regions. Tourism Gross Domestic Product (TGDP) or Tourism Gross State Product (TGSP) Tourism GDP (or Tourism GSP) is tourism gross value added plus taxes paid less subsidies received on tourism related products as these are reflected in prices that visitors actually pay. Taxes on tourism products include the Goods and Services Tax (GST), wholesale taxes and excise duties on goods supplied to visitors. TGDP and TGSP will generally have a higher value than tourism value added. TGDP and TGSP are a satellite account construct to enable a direct comparison with the most widely recognised national accounting aggregates, GDP at the national level, and GSP at the state or territory level. While it can be useful in this context, tourism gross value added is normally used when making comparisons with other industries or between countries or regions.

Direct Impacts of Tourism The estimates of tourism consumption, output, value added and gross domestic product (GDP) presented in the national TSA (ATSA) are recorded at current prices, that is, the prices prevailing in the period to which the observation relates. The estimates relate to the direct impact of tourism only. A direct impact occurs where there is a direct relationship (physical and economic) between the visitor and producer of the good or service. Employed Person An employed person is a person aged 15 years and over whom, during the reference week of the relevant Labour Force Survey:

• worked for one hour or more for pay, profit, commission or payment in kind in a job or business, or on a farm (comprising employees, employers and own account workers);

• worked for one hour or more without pay in a family business or on a farm (i.e. contributing family workers);

• were employees who had a job but were not at work and were: on paid leave; on leave without pay for less than four weeks up to the end of the reference week; stood down without pay because of bad weather or plant breakdown at their place of employment for less than four weeks up to the end of the reference week; on strike or locked out; on workers’ compensation and expected to be returning to their job; or receiving wages or salary while undertaking full-time study; or

• were employers, own account workers or contributing family workers who had a job, business or farm but were not at work.

Tourism Employed Person Tourism employed persons is derived by multiplying the number of employed persons in each industry by the proportion of total output of the industry, which is related to tourism. * These definitions are based on the Explanatory Notes to ABS Tourism Satellite Account, Australian National Account, 5249.0 2006–07, with adjustment where necessary to reflect the state/territory focus of this report.


20

APPENDIX B: CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM TO STATE AND TERRITORY ECONOMIES, 2003–04

Table B1: Estimates of direct, indirect and total contribution of tourism, by state and territory, 2003–04

Direct contribution NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS

Tourism GVA ($m) 10352.10 6117.90 6633.50 1841.60 2586.30 783.60 615.70 435.30 29366.00 Tourism net taxes on products ($m) 1888.80 1160.80 1478.20 395.90 583.80 166.20 124.90 97.40 5896.00 Tourism GSP, GDP ($m) 12240.90 7278.70 8111.70 2237.50 3170.10 949.80 740.60 532.70 35262.00 Tourism employment ('000) 145.66 93.85 103.59 27.95 44.94 14.00 11.14 7.59 448.70

GVA ($m) 264554.10 190749.10 132355.20 51797.60 85669.40 13812.50 9135.70 16717.30 764791.00 Tourism share of GVA (%) 3.91 3.21 5.01 3.56 3.02 5.67 6.74 2.60 3.84

GSP, GDP ($m) 291540.00 211944.00 145418.00 57155.00 92445.00 14835.00 9445.00 17500.00 840282.00 Tourism share of GSP , GDP (%) 4.20 3.43 5.58 3.91 3.43 6.40 7.84 3.04 4.20

Employment ('000) 3156.40 2362.50 1842.50 713.90 972.80 209.10 95.20 175.70 9528.10 Tourism share of employment (%) 4.61 3.97 5.62 3.91 4.62 6.70 11.70 4.32 4.71

Indirect contribution NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS


Total contribution NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS


Ratio of total to direct NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS

Tourism GVA 1.78 1.94 1.80 2.02 2.07 1.84 1.91 1.88 1.86 Tourism net taxes on products 1.23 1.26 1.24 1.26 1.25 1.29 1.29 1.26 1.25

Tourism GSP, GDP 1.69 1.84 1.70 1.89 1.92 1.74 1.80 1.76 1.76

Tourism employment 1.69 1.75 1.82 1.86 1.75 1.81 1.76 1.77 1.76

Share of indirect in total

Contribution (%) NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUS

Tourism GVA 43.70 48.60 44.40 50.60 51.70 45.60 47.50 46.70 46.30 Tourism net taxes on products 18.60 20.60 19.60 20.50 19.80 22.60 22.30 20.40 19.70

Tourism GSP, GDP 40.90 45.50 41.10 47.00 47.90 42.70 44.50 43.30 43.20

Tourism employment 41.00 43.00 44.90 46.20 42.90 44.90 43.00 43.50 43.10


21

REFERENCES

Adams, P.D. (2008). ‘MMRF Database’, Centre of Policy Studies, Monash University, Melbourne.

Adams, P.D. (2006). ‘MMRF Database 2003–04’, Centre of Policy Studies, Monash University, Melbourne.

Adams, P.D., Horridge, J.M. and Parmenter, B.R. (2000). “MMRF-GREEN: A Dynamic, Multi-Sectoral, Multi-Regional Model of Australia”, Preliminary Working Paper No. OP-94, Centre of Policy Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, http://www.monash.edu.au/policy/ accessed on 10 July 2008.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2005). Australian Industry: States, Territories and Australia, Industry Subdivision: Experimental Estimates 2002–03 (8155.0.55.003), released on 07 February 2005, Canberra http://www.abs.gov.au accessed on 14 February 2007.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2007). Australian National Accounts: State Accounts 2006–07 (Cat. No. 5220.0), Canberra, http://www.abs.gov.au accessed on 18 April 2008.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2008a). Australian National Accounts Tourism Satellite Account 2006–07 (Cat. No. 5249.0), Canberra, http://www.abs.gov.au accessed on 18 April 2008.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2008b). Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly (Cat. No. 6291.0.55.003), Released on 19 June 2008, Canberra, http://www.abs.gov.au accessed on 25 August 2008.

Dwyer L., Forsyth, P., Spurr, R. and Ho, T.V. (2005). ‘Measuring Tourism Productivity and Economic Yield Using TSAs and CGE Models’, World Tourism Organization Conference, The Tourism Satellite Account (TSA): Understanding Tourism and Designing Strategies, Iguazu Falls, Argentine/Brazil/Paraguay, 3–6 October.

Ho, T.V., Dwyer, L., Pambudi, D., Spurr, R., Forsyth, P. and Hoque, S. (2008). Indirect economic contribution of tourism to Australia and to Australian states and territories, 2003-04, Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland, http://www.crctourism.com.au/ accessed on 12 September 2008.

Ho, T.V., Spurr R., Pambudi D., Forsyth, P., Dwyer, L. and Hoque, S. (2007). Tourism Satellite Account 2006–07 [as separate publication for] New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory, Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland, http://www.crctourism.com.au/ .

OECD, EUROSTAT, UN and WTO (2000). Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework, Brussels/Luxemburg, Madrid, New York, Paris.

Spurr R., Ho, T.V., Forsyth, P., Dwyer, L., Pambudi, D. and Hoque, S. (2007). Tourism Satellite Account 2003–04 [as separate publication for] New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland, http://www.crctourism.com.au/ accessed on 12 September 2008.

Tourism Research Australia (2007a). CD-MOTA (electronic version of TRA data for IVS and NVS to June 2006), Canberra.

Tourism Research Australia (2007b). International Visitors in Australia, June 2007 Quarterly Results of the International Visitors Survey, Canberra.

Tourism Research Australia (2007c). Travel by Australians, June 2007, Quarterly Results of the National Visitors Survey, Canberra.

http://www.monash.edu.au/policy/�

http://www.abs.gov.au/�




http://www.crctourism.com.au/�




22

GLOSSARY

ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics

ACT Australian Capital Territory

ATSA Australian Tourism Satellite Account

AUS Australia

CEP STCRC Centre for Economics and Policy, University of NSW

CGE Computable General Equilibrium

CoPS Centre of Policy Studies, Monash University

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GIVA Gross Industry Value Added

GSP Gross State Product

GST Goods and Services Tax

GVA Gross Value Added

IVS TRA International Visitor Survey

NSW New South Wales

NT Northern Territory

NVS TRA National (domestic) Visitor Survey

OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

QLD Queensland

SA South Australia

STCRC Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre

TAS Tasmania

TGDP Tourism Gross Domestic Product

TGSP Tourism Gross State Product

TGVA Tourism Gross Value Added

TRA Tourism Research Australia

TSA Tourism Satellite Account

VIC Victoria

WA Western Australia

8.4%

12.7%

10.8%

14.2%

CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd ABN 53 077 407 286

Gold Coast Campus Griffith University QLD 4222 Australia

Telephone: +61 7 5552 8172 Facsimile: +61 7 5552 8171

Website: www.crctourism.com.au

Bookshop: www.crctourism.com.au/bookshop

Email: [email protected]

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TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNTS 2006-07: Summary Spreadsheets

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