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Team Project
• Correction: Deadline is September 5th.
• Assignments:Week 4: Teams announced
Week 5: Accounts must be created and shown to instructor! Turn in team name, target market, product concepts, initial marketing plan.
Week 6: At least one product must be available on CafePress.com
Week 7: Demonstrate your store in class
Week 9: Final write-up due (details to come!)
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Team Papers/Presentations – Week 9!
• Target market
• Final marketing plan
• Product descriptions
• Artwork
• Promotional materials used
• Description of what happened– See next slide
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Description of What Happened
• In terms of topics from class– Team Formation– Team Structure– Planning Procedure– Managing Change– Motivating– etc
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Organizational Behavior (OB)
• The study of the actions of people at work
• Individual behaviors – this chapter– Personality, perception, learning, and
motivation
• Group behaviors – next chapter– Norms, roles, team-building, and conflict
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OB Issues
• Employee productivity– Efficiency and effectiveness
• Absenteeism– Employees missing work
• Turnover– Employees quitting
• Organizational citizenship– Employees working to better the organization
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Attitudes
• Judgments/beliefs re:objects, people, events
• Job-related Attitudes– Job satisfaction– Job involvement: how much employee…
• Identifies with job
• Actively participates in it
• Considers job performance important for self-worth
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Does Attitude Matter
• Matter of debate for many years
• Companies tried to make a caring environment– Hoped it would make more productive employees
• Some argue that productivity is not raised
• But, happier employees are likelier to show up
• Best to focus on improving productivity itself
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Personality
• Combination of psychological traits – Characterize that person
• Does personality predict behavior?
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Personality Models
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)– Identifies 16 personality types – Four dimensions of personality
• Big Five model– Five-factor personality model
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
• Extroversion versus introversion (EI)– (I) Ideas– vs. (E) Environment
• Sensing versus intuitive (SN)– (S) Gathered information– Vs. (N) internal ideas
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MBTI Continued
• Thinking versus feeling (TF)– (T) Analyze information– Vs. (F) Values and beliefs
• Judging versus perceiving (JP).– (J) Task completion oriented – Vs. (P) information seeking
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Myers-Briggs Types – Examples
• ESFJ– Warmhearted, cooperative– Want to be appreciated for:
• Who they are • What they contribute
• INTP– Seek logical explanations– Theoretical and abstract– Skeptical, sometimes critical– Analytical
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Big Five Model of Personality Factors
• Extroversion– How sociable, talkative, assertive
• Agreeableness– How good-natured, cooperative, trusting
• Conscientiousness– How responsible, dependable, persistent, achievement-
oriented
• Emotional stability– How calm, enthusiastic, secure
• Openness to experience– How imaginative, artistically sensitive, intellectual
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Emotional intelligence (EI)
• Non-cognitive skills, capabilities, competencies
• Influence how others cope with environmental demands & pressures
• Found to be very important factor for success– Multiple studies
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Dimensions of EI:
• Self-awareness of one’s feelings
• Self-management of one’s own emotions
• Self-motivation in face of setbacks
• Empathy for others’ feelings
• Social skills to handle others’ emotions
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Perception
• Organizing & interpreting sensory input
• Gives meaning to one’s environment
• Judgment
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Influences on Perception
• Personal characteristics– Attitudes
– Personality
– Motives
– Interests
– Past experiences
– Expectations
• Targetcharacteristics– Closeness/similarity to other things
– Context
– Other situational factors.
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Distortions in Judging Others• Selectivity
– Only look at part of picture
• Assumed similarity– Assume others are like you
• Stereotyping– Assumptions about a group
• Halo effect– Impression formed on basis of a single trait
• Self-fulfilling prophecy– People behave in ways consistent with expectations
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Shaping Behavior
• Shaping behavior– Systematically reinforce each successive step – Moves individual closer to a desired behavior
• Four ways in which to shape behavior:– Positive reinforcement– Negative reinforcement– Punishment– Extinction (eliminate rewards)
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Foundations Of Group Behavior• Group
– Two or more interacting and interdependent individuals
– Come together to achieve particular objectives
• Role– Set of expected behavior patterns
– Attributed to someone in a given position/social unit
• Norms– Acceptable standards
• E.g. dress
– Shared and enforced by the members of group
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Foundations Of Group Behavior
• Status– A prestige position or rank – May be informally conferred
• Due to education, age, skill, or experience.
– Anything can have status if others admire it.
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Reasons Why People Join Groups
• Security
• Status
• Self-esteem
• Affiliation
• Power
• Goal achievement
EXHIBIT 8.8
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The Popularity Of Teams
• Teams typically outperform individuals – When tasks require multiple:
• Skills
• Judgment
• Experience
• Better way to utilize individual talents
• Flexibility & responsiveness is essential – Changing environment
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Empowered teams
• Increase job satisfaction and morale
• Enhance employee involvement
• Promote workforce diversity
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The Stages Of Team Development
• Stage 1: Forming– Uncertainty about
purpose, structure, and leadership
• Stage 2: Storming– Conflict among members
• Stage 3: Norming– Relationships develop
– Cohesiveness begins
• Stage 4: Performing– Fully functional and
accepted structure
• Stage 5: Adjourning– Team disbands
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High-performing Team Characteristics
• Unified commitment• Good communication• Mutual trust• Effective leadership• External support
• Internal support• Negotiating skills• Relevant skills• Clear goals
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Challenges to Creating Team Players
• Resistance to teams
• Individualistic national culture
• High value/significant rewards for individual achievement.
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Shaping Team Behavior
• Proper selection– Both technical skills & interpersonal skills
• Employee training– Involve employees in learning team behaviors
• Reward appropriate team behaviors– Encourage cooperative efforts
• Rather than competitive ones
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Diversity & Teams
• Fresh & multiple perspectives help team:– Identify creative or unique solutions – Avoid weak alternatives
• Difficulty of working together may make it harder to:– Unify a diverse team – Reach agreements
• Value of diversity increases with cohesiveness– Though diversity’s advantages dissipate with time