2: Operating SystemsNetworking for Home & Small Business
Purpose of the OS
• Allows components to work together
• Write a report & print– Enter on keyboard– Stored in RAM– Processed by CPU– Displayed on monitor– Printed on printer
• All computerized device require an OS
How the OS Works• Loads OS into RAM from disk drive • Shell
– Interface with the applications & user– Provides access to the OS
• Interact with the shell using– Command Line Interface (CLI) – Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Kernel– OS code that interacts with the computer hardware is
known as the– Manages communication between hardware &
software
The OS
CLI
GUI
The OS
• Manage one user at a time
• Multitask– OS keeps track of resources used
• Some resources are not directly connected to the PC– Examples???
Redirector & NOS
• Redirector (OS driver or Network Client software)• Now becomes a NOS
– Allows device to be shared– Acts as though it were directly connected
Review so far…
• Which interface has a command prompt?– CLI
• After powering up, the OS gets loaded into where?– RAM
• What interfaces with the user & application?– Shell
OS License
• Commercial License• Windows, Mac, UNIX
• GNU Public License (GPL)– FREE
• Linux
Comparing Licenses
Commercial License
GPL
Access Restricts/limits access to code
Access to code & can enhance it
Cost Expensive $$$
Windows, Mac, Unix; license each PC
Free
Development Cycle
Structured; changes aren’t avail quickly
Ongoing, changes distributed quickly
Support Avail for a fee usually
Mostly community support
OS Requirements
• Amount of RAM
• Hard disk space required
• Processor type and speed
• Video resolution
• Minimum– Poor performance
• Recommended
Activity- Commercial or GPL
Choosing An OS
• Must meet requirements of user– Support applications– Security sufficient
• Is the hardware supported by the OS?
• Will the company support the new OS?
• At home, will support be available readily?
• Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)– Buying, installing, supporting
Review
1. Which type of OS provides full access to the source code?
– GPL
2. Which type of OS is costly?– Commercial
3. Which type of OS provides support through its users?
– GPL
Review
1. Name 4 specifications for OS install requirements.
– HD– Processor– RAM– Video Resolution
2. Describe a network redirector.3. What are the 2 ways you can interact with
the shell?– CLI & GUI
Lab 2.2
• Specifications of OS
Installing the OS- Clean Install
• Deletes all data on install path• Applications need to be reinstalled• When would you do a clean install?
Installing the OS- Upgrade
• System config settings, applications and data are preserved
• Replaces old OS files with new ones
Installing the OS- Multi-boot
• Can install more than one OS to a drive• Why?• Each has its own partition
– Own files & config settings
• On start, user chooses which OS• Only one OS runs at a time
Activity
Pre-Installation Checklist1. Verify all hardware is certified to work with the OS.
2. Verify the hardware resources meet or exceed the minimum requirements.
3. Confirm the appropriate installation medium is available. Do you have CD or DVD & the correct drive?
4. If the OS is to be installed on a system that already contains data: (a) Use system diagnostic tools and utilities to ensure the current OS installation is in good condition, free of malicious or damaging files and codes; (b) Complete a full backup of all important files.
5. If performing a clean-install, verify that all application software is available for installation.
Partitions
• On clean install, some techs…– Partition 1 for OS– Partition 2 for data
• When upgrade OS, data will not be deleted
Review so far…
1. What is a partition?
2. What happens to data on a HD during a clean install?
3. How many OS’s are running in a multiboot system?
4. What happens to applications during an upgrade?
Configure for Network• What is a network?
– Group of devices connected to each other to share info & resources
• NIC• IP Address
– Id’s computer UNIQUE• Subnet Mask
– Id’s the network it is on• Default Gateway
– the way out of the network
Network Communication
Configuring the IP
• Manual (static) or Dynamic (automatic) pool
Computer Naming
• Manually assigned
• For easy sharing
• Admin designs naming scheme
• PRT-CL-Eng-01 represents the 1st color laser printer in the Engineering Department
Planning Names & Addresses
• The larger the network gets, you MUST be organized & documented!
• Come up with guidelines
Review
1. A DHCP server assigns address how?– Automatically/Dynamically
2. What are 3 settings you need to connect to a network?
– IP, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway
3. What is a default gateway?– Address to get out of the network so it can
communicate with other networks
4. Describe a partition.
Review
1. Which install method requires applications to be reinstalled?
– Clean Install
2. Before upgrading the OS, what should you do with your data?
– Back it up
3. To be on a network, what 2 things need to be unique?
– IP address & computer name
When to Apply Patches
• What’s a patch?– Piece of program code
that can correct a problem or enhance the functionality of an application program or OS
• Update computers often BUT make sure you understand the patch first!
Applying the OS Patch
• Automatic installation
• Prompt for Permission
• Manual
Auto, Manual, or Prompt?
Applying the Application Patch
• Browsers, Office, other programs
• Repair a detected vulnerability or other problem
• Found on manufacturer’s site
Lab 2.3.3
Review
1. What’s a patch?
2. Where can you find a patch?• Manufacturer’s web site
3. What are the 3 methods for getting OS updates?
• Auto, Manual, With Permission
4. What user interface has icons?• GUI
Review
1. Where do devices get IP addresses from dynamically?
– A DHCP server
2. What is needed to install two OS’s on a PC?
– Multiple partitions
3. What letter grade will you get on this test?– A or B, hopefully
2: Operating SystemsNetworking for Home & Small Business