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A: Index
1. Bharat India Divide
2. Economic Indices Overview
3. Agriculture Overview
4. Social Indices Overview
5. Manmohan: CEO cum politician (Overview)
6. Manmohan Speak: Relevant quotes from his speeches/addresses/press
conferences
7. World on Manmohan
8. Indian opposition on Manmohan
9. Manmohans: Unfinished agenda
10. Reform Chronology
11. Annexure: Year-wise key social indicators
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1. Bharat India Divide:
The basic challenge of our time is to ensure that wealth creation is not only
tempered by equity and justice but is harnessed to the goal of removal of
poverty and development for all.
Dr Manmohan Singh, FM Budget Speech, July 24 1991
Have & Have Nots: Debate Rages 20 Years down the Line
Poverty Index of India Wealth Index of India
37% of people in India live below
the poverty line.
Source: Tendulkar Committee
report (Accepted By Planning
commission of India)
Submitted in 2009.
55 Indian dollar billionaires contributing
to about 4.5% of total 1210 billionaires
across six continents.
Forbes revised( March 2011 rat ings)
77% of Indians live on less than
20 a day
India has 25 dollar billionaires and 35
near billionaires (with wealth in the $500
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Source: Arjun Sengupta Report
(from National Commission for
Enterprises in the Unorganized
Sector)
Submitted April 2009
million-$1 billion range)
Source: Credit Sussies Global Wealth
Report 2010
50% of Indians l ive below the
poverty line.
Source: N.C. Saxena Committee
report
Submitted to govt. during 2010
India has got
1,080 Ultra High Networth Individuals
(HNIs)
(Wealth Strata $50 million- $500 million)
7,800 Loaded HNIs
(Wealth Strata $10 million-$50 million)
12,700 richer HNIs.
(Wealth Strata $5 million-$10 million)
147,400 Just HNIs.
(Wealth Strata $1 million-$5 million)
Source: Credit Sussies Global Wealth
Report 2010
645 million poor living under the
Multi- dimensional Poverty Index
(MPI) in India.
421 mill ion of whom are
concentrated in eight North Indian
and East Indian states of Bihar ,
Chattisgarh, Jharkhand , Madhya
The poorest 10 per cent in India spent
32.3 per cent less in rural parts than their
counterparts in urban areas.
This inequality rose to Rs 3,347 when
comparison is made between the top 10
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattisgarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharkhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattisgarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharkhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh7/30/2019 20 Years of Reforms
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Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar
Pradesh and Bengal, higher than
the 410 million poor living in the
26 poorest African nations
Source: Oxford Poverty and
Human Development Initiative
Submitted 2010
per cent in the urban and rural areas.
The wealthiest 10 per cent of the urbanpopulation spent 133 per cent more on
consumption per capita in a month than
its equivalent class in rural areas.
Average per capita expenditure by
households was Rs 1,053.6 in a month in
rura l areas and Rs 1,984.5 in urban parts.
(2009-10)
State-wise, Bihar has the lowest average
per capita monthly household
consumption expenditure, both rural and
urban. It was Rs 780 in rural Bihar and
Rs 1,238 in urban parts. Kerala
households had the highest expenditure
on consumption (Rs 1,835). Maharashtra
topped the list in urban areas (Rs 2,437).
(2009-10)
Source: National sample
survey(NSSO)2009-10
80% of India's population lives on
less than $2 a day which means a
higher proportion of its population
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa7/30/2019 20 Years of Reforms
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lives on less than $2 per day as
compared with sub-Saharan
Africa.
Source: World Bank 2009
Note: Poverty definition in India varies
because of varying determinants. From
calorie in take to per day earning to overall
consumption patterns, definitions vary
About 49 per cent of the world's
underweight children, 34 per cent
of the world's stunted children and
46 per cent of the world's wasted
children, live in India.
Source: World Health Organization
2009
390 million Indians now belong to the
middle class; one-third of them have
emerged from poverty in the last ten
years. At the current rate of growth, a
majority of Indians will be middle-class
by 2025.
Source: Marvin J. Cetron 200;(Founder of
"Forecasting International")
Note: Consumer class size estimate varies from 300
million to 500 million
2 Economic Indices Overview
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The UNDP Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy,
literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide. The position 20 years down
the line has worsened.
Human Development Index of India
Sl No Year Rank(India)
1 2010 119
2 2005 120
3 2000 102
4 1995 102
5 1990 95
Performance of poor countries that have performed better than India with respect to
Human Development Index (HDI )
S No. Countries Rank
1 India 119
2 Sri Lanka 91
3 Namibia 105
4 Uzbekistan 91
KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS
GDP Rate
1991 2011
2.50% 8.60%
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Source:http://planningcommission.nic.in
India Current Account to GDP
1991 2011
-1.50% -3.20%
Source:http://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/current-account-to-gdp
Exchange rate
1991 (in Rupees) 2011 (in Rupees)
26.5 45.2
Source:http://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/current-account-to-gdp
FDI
1991-92(in US$ Mill ions) 2010-11(in US$ Mill ions)
133 1,274
Source: Indiaonestop and ibef
India Inflation Rate
1991 2011
13.25 % 8.72%
Source:http://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/inflation-cpi
Fiscal deficit
1990-91 2010-11
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http://planningcommission.nic.in/http://planningcommission.nic.in/http://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/inflation-cpihttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/inflation-cpihttp://planningcommission.nic.in/http://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/inflation-cpi7/30/2019 20 Years of Reforms
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8.4 % 5.10%
Source:http://www.rediff.com/money
India Exports(Millions USD)
1994 2011
1980 25941
Source:http://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/exports
India imports (Millions USD)
1994 2011
1995 40906
Source:http://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/impo
Foreign Exchange Reserves
1991 ( in billion U.S
dollar )
2011( in billion U.S dollar )
Total
Reserve
s
1.2
(India had just enough to meet
three weeks imports and had to
mortgage gold)
315.72
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http://www.rediff.com/moneyhttp://www.rediff.com/moneyhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/impohttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/impohttp://www.rediff.com/moneyhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/impo7/30/2019 20 Years of Reforms
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India Government Debt to GDP
1990-91 2010-11
73.00% 69.20%
Source:http://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/government-debt-to-gdp
Tax Slab (Rupees)
Year Minimum Tax (In Rupees) Tax Rate Exemption Limit (In Rupees)
1991 22000 20 100000
2011 18000 10 180000
Source: caclubindia.com
India Stock Market Index (Sensex)
1991 2011
1000-1200 range 18678
India Industrial Production
1994 2011
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16.50% 5.60%
91 data not immediately available
Source:www.tradingeconomics.com/india
India Unemployment Rate
1991 2011
5.90% 9.40%
Source:www.tradingeconomics.com/india
3. Agriculture Overview
AGRICULTURE
GDP Rate Employment rate from
Agriculture
Other Rate
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In 2009-10, the GDP for
agriculture and allied
sectors accounted for 14.6
per cent of the GDP
compared to 15.7 per cent
in 2008-09.
The agriculture sector accounts
for about 58 per cent of
employment in the country (as
per 2001 census). This sector is
a supplier of food, fodder, and
raw materials for a vast
segment of industry.
In terms of composition, out of
a total share of 14.6 per cent of
the GDP in 2009-10 for
agriculture and allied sectors,
agricultu re alone accounted for
12.3 per cent followed by
forestry and logging at 1.5 per
cent and fisheries at 0.8 per
cent.
Agriculture; value added (annual % growth) in India
1991-92 2010-11
0 1.6
Agriculture Credit Announcement by Pranab
Mukherjee in Budget 2011
Number of farmer suicide
To boost agricultural
credit flow, the finance
minister announced a
higher target, aiming to
take agricultura l credit
to R4.75 lakh crore for
the next fiscal from
R3.75 lakh crore in the
current fiscal.
"In the last Budget, I had
provided an additional 2%
interest subvention to those
farmers who repay their
crop loan on time. In order
to provide further incentive
to these farmers, I propose
to enhance the additional
subvention to 3% in 2011-
12," Mukherjee said.
As per the
National Crime
Records Bureau
(NCRB) there
are at least
16,196 farmers
suicides in India
in 2008, bringing
the total since
1997 to 199,132.
At least 17,368 Indian
farmers killed
themselves in 2009,
the worst figure for
farmer suicides in six
years, according to the
data of NCRB.
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Source: NCRB: Singh as PM so far has not met intended agriculture growth
Domestic Production
Wheat in million tons Rice in million tons1997-98 2010-11 1997-98 2010-11
66.35 84.27 82.54 94.11
Source: IBEF
4. Social Indices
Literacy rate
YEAR OVERALL
LITERACY
RATE(%)
MALE (%) FEMALE (%) GAP IN
LITERACY
RATE (%)
1991 52.21 64.13 39.29 24.84
2011 74.04 82.14 65.46 16.68
Source: Census 2011 report
Number of school dropouts in India:
Year Percentage (91 data not readily available)
2000 67
2006 61.62
Source: Ministry of HRD 05-06 report
Sex Ratio:
YEAR RATIO(OVERALL) 0-6 YEARS
1991 927 945
2011 940 914
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Source: Census 2011 report
Basic Health Indicators
Bed Strength in Government Institutions: NRHM
Year Number (early data not readily available)
2005 4,69,559
2009 5,40,328
Source:NRHM :
Maternal Mortality Rates
YEAR RATIO
1997-98 398
2007-09 212
Source: SRS
Infant Mortality Rate
YEAR RATIO
1990 80
2009 50
Source: SRS
Under 5 Mortality Rate:
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YEAR RATIO
1990 118
2009 64
Source: SRS
Total Fertility rate
YEAR RATIO
1990 3.8
2009 2.6
Source: SRS
Consumer:
Food inflation Rate
1991 2011
14.10% 9.44%
Source: IBEF
Teledensity
1991 2011
0.60% 67.67%
Share of rural households in total consumer expenditure in food products
Serial
Number
Food
Items
1993-94 1999-2000 2004-05 2009-10
1. Food total 63.2(%) 59.4(%) 55.0(%) 53.6(%)
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Source:NSSO
Share of urban households in total consumer expenditure in food products
Serial
Number
Food
Items
1993-94 1999-2000 2004-05 2009-10
1. Food total 54.7(%) 48.1(%) 42.5(%) 40.7(%)
Source: NSSO
Share of rural households in total consumer expenditure in non-food products
Serial No Items group 1993-94 1999-2000 2004-05 2009-10
1. Non food
total
36.8% 40.6% 45.0% 46.4%
Source:NSSO
Share of urban households in total consumer expenditure in non- food products
Serial No Items group 1993-94 1999-2000 2004-05 2009-10
1. Non food
total
45.3% 51.9% 57.5% 59.3%
Source: NSSO
5. Manmohan: CEO cum politician (Overview)
Dr. Manmohan Singh to retire from Rajya Sabha on 14 June 2013: Almost two year from now).
Highs
MPLAD Performance of Dr. Manmohan Singh (Amount in Crores)
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Entitleme
nt Released
Amount
Recommende
d
Amount
Sanctione
d
Expenditu
re
Incurred
% of
Utilisation
Unspent
Balance
32.05 31.05 29.6 29.5 28.93 93.17 2.88
Alliances which joined to form the coalition
Party Term of Joining UPA
National Conference UPA 1
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha UPA 2
Bills Passed With Singh as PM:
Year Contents
1 The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Bill, 2005
2 The Electricity (Amendment) Bill, 2005
3 The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers
(Recognition of Forest Rights) Bi ll, 2005
4 The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Bill, 2005
5 The Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2006
6 The Information Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2006
7 The Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Bill, 2006
8 The Sports Broadcasting Signals (Mandatory Sharing with Prasar
Bharati) Bill, 2007
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9 The Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology Bill, 2007
10 The Science and Engineering Research Board Bill, 2008
11 The Prasar Bharti (Broadcasting Corporation of India) Amendment
Bill, 2008
12 The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation
Amendement Bill in 2008
13 The National Green Tribunal Bill, 2009
14 The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Bill, 2010
15 The Energy Conservation (Amendment Bill, 2010
Hurdles Passed by Dr. Manmohan Singh
1. Civil Nuclear Liability Bill Passed
After months of wrangling between treasury benches and the opposition the Civil
Nuclear Liability Bill passed through in August 2010.
2. Cut Motion
After the t rust vote on nuclear issue UPA government faced the cut motion. However after
gaining support from Mayawat i led BSP UPA easily passed through it on 27 Apri l 2010.
Lows
Dr. Manmohan Singh lost the only election he fought in 1999
S.N
o Candidate Name
Part
y Vote Secured % of Votes Secured
1 Vijay Kumar Malhotra BJP 261230 52.25
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2 Dr. Manmohan Singh INC 231231 46.25
Source: PRS Legislat ion Research
Alliances which left UPA under Singh
Party Term of breaking the Alliance
Telangana Rashtra Samithi UPA 1
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnet ra
Kazhagam UPA 1
Left Front UPA 1
People's Democratic Party UPA 1
Pattali Makkal Katchi UPA 1
Bahujan Samaj Party UPA 1
Rashtriya Janata Dal UPA 2
Samajwadi Party UPA 2
Bills pending:
Serial
Number
Bills
1 The Coal Mines (National isat ion) Amendment Bil l, 2000
2 The Telecom Regulatory Author ity of India (Amendment) B il l, 2008
3
The Protection and Util isation of Public Funded Intellectual Property Bil l,
2008
4
The Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India) Amendment Bill,
2010
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5 The Academy of Scienti fic and Innovative Research Bi ll , 2010
6 The Chemical Weapons Convent ion (Amendment) Bi ll , 2010
7
The Petroleum and Minerals Pipelines (Acquisition of Right of User in
Land) Amendment Bil l, 2010
Source: PRS Legislat ion Research
Bills Lapsed
Serial Number Bill
1 The Damodar Valley Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2007
2 The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Bill, 2008
Source: PRS Legislat ion Research
Manmohan Speaks
The politician setting the agenda
PM-UPA 1: Main agenda is to accomplish seven sutras (agriculture, education,
health, employment, urban renewal, infrastructure facilities and enhancement of
irrigation facilit ies.) empowerment of women ,growth of small and medium
industries, to set up Krishi Vigyan Kendra, insisted on building of Golden
Quadrilateral for connecting the roads, to work rapidly to boost up the flagships
programme like NREGA , NRHM, Bharat Nirman , bringing out legislation for
SC/STs, reservation of women in parliament.
PM-UPA 2: The growth rate came down to 6.7 % because of global economic crisis,
goal is to get a 4% annual growth in agriculture by five years, new scheme will be
started to help students from economically weaker sections of society by way of
reduced interest rate on their education loans, work to prevent terrorist attacks and
naxalism, Unique Identification Authority has been set.
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On Rajiv Gandhi: I miss a handsome, smiling, face listening intently to the Budget
Speech. Shri Rajiv Gandhi is no more. But his dream l ives on; his dream of ushering
India into the twenty-firscentury; his dream of a strong, united, technologically
sophisticated but humane India. I dedicate this budget to his inspiring memory .
.Budget speech 1991-92 as Finance Minister
On Jawaharlal Nehru: "All of us talk of India and all of us demand many things
from India. What do we give her in return?" Panditji asked, and he said, "India will
ultimately give us what we give her of love and service and productive and creative
work. India will be what we are: our thoughts and actions will shape her 2004
15 August speech.
On Mahatama Gandhi: a)"I want the winds from every corner to blow through my
house" Gandhij i said, "but I refuse to be swept off my feet by any of them.. 2004
speech of Manmohan Singh as PM 15 August.
b) I will work for an India where the poorest of the
poor feel that this country and this nation belongs to them and that they have a
major role in its construction. An India where there is no higher class or lower class
among all people, 2005 speech on 15 August.
c) Nature has given us enough for everyones need, but not
for everyones greed.. 2007 speech of Manmohan Singh as PM 15 August
Note: These quotes are highlighted to il lustrate Dr Singhs polit ical journey and can be
used as per story/programme focus
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6. World on Manmohan Singh
Barrack Obama: 9/05/10
Your Prime Minister is our Guru; He called Manmohan Singh during Copenhagen Climate
Summit on 9 May 2010.
Yousuf Raza Gilani: PM Pakistan: 12/04/11Indian Prime Minister ManmohanSingh is a 'sensible and saner' person who wants to resolve all issues between the
two countries.
Former IAEA chief: Mohamad El Bardei: He is the model of what a political
leader should be. August 18, 2010 (Newsweek)
2010: Newsweek ranked him the top political leader among 10 best heads of
states
Forbes on Singh: usually praised as Indias best PM since Nehru
AsiaMoney Best FM award: 93 and 94; Euromoney Best FM Award 94
7. Indian Opposition view on Manmohan (select quotes)
LK Advani:
"When I had said during the 2009 Lok Sabha election campaign that I have seen all the
prime ministers since Jawaharlal Nehru but I feel pity for Prime Minister Manmohan
Singh because I have never seen such a weak pr ime minister, many people said that I
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should not say this because many people feel bad about it," said Advani while
addressing a mammoth ral ly in Kolkata.
Nitin Gadkari : 30 /06/11
"The PM had said from the Red Fort that prices would be controlled within 100 days. In
March again, he said price rise would be brought under control. Today he is saying that he does
not have a magic wand to control prices.... Why do you make the promise if you can't act on
them?" he asked.
Arun Jaitley: 08/06/11
The Bharatiya Janata Party has said that the Uni ted Progressive Alliance government was
like a private company, where Prime Min ister Manmohan Singh was the CEO while i ts owner
was "somebody else."
Narender Modi: 14/04/11 Ambedkarji gave us the Constitution, and the
Constitution gave us the right to vote. To know that the Prime Minister did not
vote in the assembly polls is a very saddening act, for the people of the country,"
he said.
8. Dr. Manmohan Singhs unfinished agenda
Unfinished Agenda's for Dr. Manmohan Singh
Sector Status
Inflation
Manmohan Singh now says that inflat ion will come down
to 6.5 per cent by March 2012. In July last year the
finance minister asserted: I do believe that annual rate of
inflation will be 5-6 per cent by end of 2010. The Prime
Minister told the NDC that inflation would dip to 6 percent by December 2010.
Fuel Inflation Acceleration in fuel inflation has affected the UPA cause.
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GST
UPA government still looking for consensus of state
governments on GST.
FDI in Retail Secretaries committee preparing cabinet note
Banking/Financial Sector No consensus yet with in the government.
9. Reform Chronology
Year Contents
1991-92 Manmohan Singh as Finance Minister , rupee devalued 18% about 80 %
industries delicensed, disinvestment starts , mops up Rs 3,000 crore ,
fertilizer price hikes to reduce sops, 51 % of FDI allowed in important
sectors.
1992-93 FM Manmohan Singh; I-T rates , slab cut , wealth tax on productive assets
off, excise shifted from specific duty to ad valorem .Many import curbs
lif ted : customers duties cut , peak tar iffs down to 110%, ONGC corporatized ,
govt cuts stake in Maruti to 50% , private sector enters value added telecom ,
private equity in roads , oil refining.
1993-94 FM Manmohan Singh
Excise slabs merged, dual exchange rates merged, capital gains tax on FIIs
cut, SBI enters IPO market , cars white goods deli censed, power projects
get tax breaks , disinvestment flops
1994-95 FM Manmohan Singh
Bulk drugs deli censed, 51% of FDI allowed, divestment increases toRs 5, 000
crore , pvt players in telecom , first cell services in metro , telecom bids
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attract Rs 100,000 crore run into trouble , Enron enters Mahrashtra , first
private airlines : Jet , East West , Damania.
1995-96 FM Manmohan Singh
First foreign car maker, Daewoo, makes Cielo , Trail set up : disinvestment
flops : SBI l ists overseas . Kelkar draws up 7-year oil deregulation plan.
1996-97 FM P.Chidambaram
Corporate surcharge cut to 7.5% ; import duties cut 48 industr ies can get 51%
automatic FDI. Consumer electronics delicensed . Disinvestment
Commission set up.
1997-98 FM P.Chidambaram
IT slashed from 40% to 30% , corporate tax rate cut , tax breaks go , MAT in,
dividened tax on individuals off, tax breaks for telecom , power , oil
exploration . more industr ies got automatic FDI, NRIs can invest 100% in
private sector, fixed interest rate regime relaxed, telecom licenses tradable,
RBI gets power to regulate NBFCs after CRB scam
1998-99 FM : Yashwant Sinha Saral , IT import duties cut , tax holiday for tech
sector , free import for 340 things : QRs on Saarc impor ts go .
1999-
2000
FM : Yashwant Sinha
Excise slabs cut from 11 to 3, customs cut from 7 to 5 , customs duty cut ,
housing taxes liberal ized, QRs liberal ized on 13,000 things, IRDA legislated,
FEMA replaces FERA, disinvestment flops, Modern foods privat ized.
2000-01 FM : Yashwant Sinha
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Cenvat hikes effective taxes, customs duty up, export tax breaks to be
phased out, QR regimes ends, IRDA sets norms for pvt insurers, 11 players
enter , disinvestment flops: Marut i to be privatized, Orissa begins power
reforms
2001-02 FM : Yashwant Sinha
Cell players challenge decision to let WLL go mobile, Ministry of
disinvestment formed, Balco, VSNL, IPCL , hotels go on the black . Highway
project renamed golden quadrila teral.
2002-03 FM : Yashwant Sinha
Incentives to private highway project developers, row over decision to sell
BPCL , HPCL, selloffs staffed, Delhi power distribut ion privatized , 20 year
plan to link rivers.
2003-04 FM:Jaswant Singh
I-T rates cut marginally , excise cuts drop prices on cars , ACs , customs
rate cut : small savings rate cut , Unified telecom license , Reliance , ONGC ,
Caim make oil and gas discoveries , PSU equity sales net Rs 15, 000 cr,
privatization off.
REFORM CHRONOLOGY CONTINUED
Sector (2004-11) Status
MGNREGA
Flagship job guarantee scheme: During financial year2010-11, the scheme has provided employment to more
than 5.3 crore households through about 50lakh works.
But charges of mismanagement abound
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NRHM
The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) has made
remarkable progress in strengthening healthcare delivery
systems in the country. Leakages and loot under the
scheme charges occur in states.
Corporate Governance
Reforms
MCA21 e-Governance project was implemented as a
mission mode project under the National e-Governance
Plan (NeGP) for operation from 20-registry locations for
facilitating business, and reducing documentation to the
minimum.
Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises
PM chairs a committee to make micro small and medium
enterprises the cornerstone of Indian economy; task force
recommendations under consideration
Peoples ownership of
public sector enterprises
CMP and Congress manifesto wants retail investor to be
the key beneficiary of the PSU divestment through IPO;
facts on ground suggest retail investors got only 24 per
cent share, even lesser than what they got from private
sector IPO listings during UPA regime
New telecom services
Auction of 3G and broadband wireless access (BWA)
spectrum was done successfully. 2G scam continues to
haunt the govt. for licenses it gave in 2006 and 08
Mines
A Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Bill,
2011 has been drafted to replace the existing Mines and
Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957
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LITERACY RATE:
YEAR OVERALL
LITERACY
RATE(%)
MALE (%) FEMALE (%) GAP IN
LITERACY
RATE (%)
1991 52.21 64.13 39.29 24.84
2001 64.83 75.26 53.67 21.59
2011 74.04 82.14 65.46 16.68
Number of school dropouts in India:
Year percentage
2000 67
2001 68.60
2002 66
2003 62.58
2004 62.69
2005 61.92
2006 61.62
Minist ry of HRD 05-06 report
SEX RATIO:
YEAR RATIO(OVERALL) 0-6 YEARS
1991 927 945
2001 933 927
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2011 940 914
BASIC HEALTH INDICATORS
Bed Strength in Government Institutions: NRHM
Year Number
2005 4,69,559
2009 5,40,328
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO:
YEAR RATIO
1997-98 398
1999-2000 327
2001-03 301
2004-06 254
2007-09 212
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
YEAR RATIO
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20 Years of Reforms (1991 to 2011)
1990 80
1995 74
2000 68
2005 58
2009 50
UNDER 5 MORTALITY RATE
YEAR RATIO
1990 118
1995 97
2000 85
2005 77
2009 64
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE
YEAR RATIO
1990 3.8
1995 3.5
2000 3.2
2005 2.9
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2009 2.6
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