GraduateSeminar Series2007-2008

Thursday, Nov. 8, 2007 Room 112, ME-EM Bldg. 3:00 – 4:00 p.m.

Funding for the ME-EM Graduate Seminar Series is provided by Professional Plating, Inc. of Anoka, MN www.proplate.com and the Department of Mechanical Engineering – Engineering Mechanics www.me.mtu.edu/seminar

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The Department ofMechanical Engineering – Engineering Mechanics

Proudly PresentsProfessor Paul Cefola

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Comparison of US & Russian Space Surveillance Systems

D r. P au l C efo la rece ived h is B S , M S , and Ph .D . from R ensse laer P o lytechn ic Institu te . H e is a recogn ized expert in A strodynam ics w ith num erous conference p resenta tions and pub lica tions. D r. C e fo la has w orked fo r years on the design o f e llip tica l o rb its a nd associa ted conste lla tions. In 1975 he began deve lopm ent o f the sem iana lytica l o rb it p ropaga tion theory. S ince then, the deve lopm ent, re finem ent and use o f th is theory have m atu red under h is leadersh ip . Th is approach p rovides rap id , p rec ise long te rm o rb it de te rm ina tion and p red ic tion . T he theory has been used extensive ly in governm ent and industry labora to ries to s tudy o rb it pe rturba tions and m a in tenance . R ecently th is techn ique has been com b ined w ith para lle l p rocessing softw are parad igm s and non linea r op tim iza tion techn iques to g ive new so lu tions fo r o rb it and conste lla tion design . D r. C e fo la has pub lished over 90 research papers on the deve lopm ent o f the sem iana lytica l o rb it p ropaga tion theory, on ephem eris rep resen tation , on the com parison o f sem ia na lytica l and G P sa te llite theories, on the design and opera tion o f innova tive e llip tica l o rb it conste lla tions, and on near -rea l-tim e a tm ospheric density co rrection . Pau l has been a Lectu re r in the D epartm ent o f A eronau tics and A stronautics a t M IT s ince 1980 and has supervised the research o f s ix P h .D . and 24 M aste rs D egree studen ts. T hese studen ts partic ipa ted in M IT ’s jo in t educa tiona l program be tw een the D raper Labora to ry and the M IT L inco ln Labora to ry. A t the D raper Labora to ry, D r. C e fo la m anaged the de ve lopm ent o f the R adarsa t F ligh t D ynam ics S ys tem . In 2005 , the A m erican A ssocia tion fo r the A dvancem ent o f S c ience (A A AS ) se lected Pau l and s ix o f h is co lleagues to rece ive the 2005 A A AS In terna tiona l S c ien tific C oopera tion A w ard “fo r co llabora tive sc ien tific e ffo rts and p ioneering w ork to advance sta te -o f-the -a rt space su rve illance fo r the benefit o f the g loba l astrodynam ics com m un ity and the safe ty o f hum an activ ity in space .” H e is a Fe llow of the Am erican A stronautica l S ocie ty (A A S ). P revious ly, he re ce ived the A A S D irk B rouw er A w ard “fo r un ique theore tica l and app lied astrodynam ic innova tions and life tim e ach ievem ent in critica l research activ ities.” C urren t research in terests inc lude O rb it M echan ics & D e te rm ina tion , C onste lla tion D esign , S a te llite A ttitude D ynam ics & E stim ation , Space Surve illance & E nvironm ent, R em ote Sensing and O cean S ensing.

S ince the1960s, the U .S . and R uss ia (then the S ov ie t U n ion) have addressed the prim ary space surve illance requ irem ent: to de tec t, track , ca ta log , and identify m an -m ade ob jec ts o rb iting E arth , inc lud ing ac tive /inactive sa te llites , spent rocket bod ies , and debris . S pace surve illance sys tem s com bine hardw are and so ftw are . T he prim ary hardw are com ponents a re the sensors w h ich m ake the space surve illance track ing m easurem ents , the com puting segm ent, and the com m unica tions be tw een them . T he com puting so ftw are inc ludes non linear es tim ation m ethods fo r the orb it de term ination and m ode ls fo r bo th the track ing m easurem ents and space ob jec t m otion . T he prim ary ob jec t is the res idua l be tw een the ac tua l observa tion and the res idua l com puted from a prev ious es tim ate o f the orb it de term ination so lve -fo r vec tor. T he ac tua l observa tions are usua lly based on radar o r op tica l sens ing . T o da te , these m easurem ents have been ground-based. If w e process the observa tion res idua ls one a t a tim e, w e use a recurs ive or K a lm an F ilte r . If w e process the observa tion res idua ls in g roups , w e use ba tch w e igh ted-least-squares. T he com puted res idua l leads us to cons ider the space ob jec t m otion m ode ls . S ince 1994 U S and R uss ian space surve illance experts have he ld s ix jo in t space surve illan ce w orkshops . T he 1994 , 1998 and 2000 w orkshops w ere he ld a t the U S N ava l O bserva tory in W ash ing ton , D C , the 1996 w orkshop w as he ld in P oznan, P o land (in con junction w ith the IA U D ynam ics and A strom etry o f N atura l and A rtific ia l C e les tia l B od ies C o lloqu ium ) and the 2003 and 2005 w orkshops w ere he ld a t the P u lkovo O bserva tory in S t. P etersburg , R uss ia . T he seventh w orkshop is p lanned fo r 29 O ct. – 2 N ov. 2007 a t the N ava l P ostgraduate S choo l in M onterey, C A . T he in ten t o f the w orkshops has been to fu rther co m m unica tion be tw een the U S and R uss ian space surve illance com m unities and to m utua lly learn from the know ledge, m ethods, and experience o f the o ther. It is recogn ized tha t the tw o countries a re trying to so lve the sam e prob lem s and the tru th is un ique. A s ign ifican t overlap in the peop le partic ipa ting in the w orkshops, has contribu ted to the deve lopm ent o f a friend ly and coopera tive a tm osphere . O ne resu lt o f the w orkshops has been jo in t research pro jec ts . T w o papers resu lting from the jo in t research program have been se lec ted as B est C onference P apers . A team o f the w orkshop organ izers and jo in t research program rece ived the 2005 A m erican A ssoc ia tion fo r the A dvancem ent o f S c ience (A A A S ) In te rna tiona l S c ien tific C oopera tion A w ard . S evera l qua lity papers by R uss ian au thors describ ing the a lgorithm s used in R uss ia fo r m a in ta in ing the R uss ian space ob jec t ca ta log have been pub lished in the A IA A Journa l o f G u idance, C ontro l and D ynam ics . T h is lec tu re prov ides an overv iew o f the U S and R uss ian S pace S urve illance S ystem s. R ecent deve lopm ents in space surve illance and fu tu re top ics a re cons idered .