7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
1/20
Vehicle used forland transport
They depend onPhotovoltaic cells to
convert solarenergy intoelectrical energy,which is used to
run motor andobtain mechanicalenergy
1SOLAR ENERGY
2
ELECTRICALENERGY
3MECHANICAL
ENERGY
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
2/20
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
It runs on solar energywhich is renewable
Lesser noise pollution
No harmful emissions
Economical over theyears
Expensive at first Not completely reliable Not very efficient in
practice
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
3/20
Since solar cars are not that reliable andconventional cars run on non-renewablesources of energy, merging the twotechnologies gives us the optimum output
The result of this is the hybrid solar car
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
4/20
Run on fuel as well as harnessed solar energy Hybrid solar cars are of three types based on
the division of power between the sources:
1.
Parallel hybrid2. Series hybrid
3. Series- parallel hybrid
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
5/20
Internal combustion (IC) engine and themotor are coupled
Only one source is used at a time In these kinds of cars, when the battery level
is insufficient, the IC engine takes over andpowers the vehicle
Parallel hybrid cars are further classified onthe basis of which technology is more
dormant: IC engine or the electrical system Theses are the more commonly used hybrid
solar cars
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
6/20
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
7/20
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
8/20
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
9/20
This a combination of both technologieswhich is used such that the electric motor isused at lesser speeds (like when starting fromstand-still) and the IC engine takes over at
higher speeds The principle being that a larger IC engine is
required to power the vehicle from stand-stillbut this larger engine produces more power
than needed at higher speeds. On the other hand, the motor exhibits
maximum torque at stand-still
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
10/20
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
11/20
The chassis types usually used in solar carsare: the tubular frame chassis and themonocoque chassis
In order to provide a favorable power output,the car has to overcome aerodynamic drag,road grade and rolling resistance.
P(V)= P(aero) + P(grade)+ P(roll)
P(aero)= 0.5(Cd)A(v^3) P(grade)= mgzv
P(roll)=mgv(Cr)
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
12/20
The greatest loss occurs due to theaerodynamic drag which a function of thecubed velocity
In order to minimize drag, the frontal are orA is reduced.
The photovoltaic cells used are usually siliconor gallium arsenide.
The efficiency of the silicon cell is about 20%while that of gallium arsenide is 40%
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
13/20
The motors used are brushless DC motorswhich have a high efficiency of 96%-98%
Further, when the PV cells are operated at theMaximum Power Point (MPP), the efficiency orpower output is maximum
Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPT) areused to set the operating point of the PV cells
at the MPP
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
14/20
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
15/20
MPPTs are electronic circuits which usecertain algorithms to ensure that the circuit isoperating at the MPP
The most commonly used algorithm isConstant Voltage algorithm where the actualvoltage is compared with a reference voltagewhich is the voltage at which maximumpower is obtained
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
16/20
In order to know the efficiency of the designand to gather data to aid furtherimprovements, telemetry system is used
It consists of many current, voltage,temperature and speed sensors coupled withan interfacing jumper board which feeds datato the single board computer.
The computer interprets data and sends theinformation via wireless frequency to thechase car or control station
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
17/20
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
18/20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
15 30 60 80
fucoumponte
Fuel consumption vs Speed in kmph
conventional car
Hybrid solar vehicle
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
19/20
Battery: lithium iron phosphate Takes about 5 hours for 80% charge
Torque: 50Nm
Power: 16kW 3.6 square meters of solar panels with a daily
in-take of 18km
7/28/2019 45- KIRTHANA
20/20