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HABIB COLLEGE OFHABIB COLLEGE OFCOMMERCE & ECONOMICSCOMMERCE & ECONOMICS
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ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIESENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
INDIAN POPULATION
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Prepared byPrep
ared by
JAVED SALIM KHANJAVED SALIM KHAN
ROLL NO: 32ROLL NO: 32
FYB.COM / AFYB.COM / A
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GUIDED BYGUIDED BY
SHAZIA MOHAMMEDSHAZIA MOHAMMED
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Indias PopulationIndias Populations Second largestSecond largest
population in thepopulation in the
worldworld
s 1 billion1 billions One out of every 6One out of every 6
people lives in Indiapeople lives in India
s Population growing atPopulation growing at
the rate of 1.9% perthe rate of 1.9% peryearyear
s 16% of worlds total16% of worlds total
populationpopulation
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n a s opu a onn a s opu a onFutureFutures 20252025
populationpopulation
could reachcould reach
1.4 billion1.4 billion
s CouldCould
overtakeovertake
China andChina andbecome thebecome the
mostmost
populouspopulous
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Population FactsBirth Rate: 25.94 biths/ 1,000 populationDeath Rate: 9.61/ 1,000 populationAge Structure:
0-14 years: 34%
15-64 years: 62%
65 years and over: 4%Sex Ratio:
At birth: 1.05 male/ female
Under 15: 1.06 male/female
15-64 years: 1.08 males/ female65 years and over: 0.98 male/femaleLife Expectance at Birth:
Total population: 63.9 years
Male: 63.2 years
Female: 64.6 years
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Factors AffectingFactors Affecting
Population GrowthPopulation Growths Availability and acceptability ofAvailability and acceptability of
contraceptives and health servicescontraceptives and health servicesfor women and childrenfor women and children
s Cultural preference for sonsCultural preference for sons
s Education status of womenEducation status of women
s Infant mortality rateInfant mortality rate
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Fertility
RatesAn Indian woman has an average of 3.6childrenRates vary widely from region to region
Kerala (southern) - 2 childrenBihar and Uttar Tradesh (northern)
6 children
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CONTROLLING POPULATIONCONTROLLING POPULATION
s 1959 announced a1959 announced a
policy to lowerpolicy to lower
the birth ratethe birth rates ClinicsClinics
s
Family planningFamily planning
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POVERTYPOVERTY
s30-40% of the30-40% of the
population live inpopulation live inpovertypoverty
s4 out of 5 of Indias4 out of 5 of Indias
poor live in rural areaspoor live in rural areas
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Literacy
The literacy level of women has a
significance on the fertility rate.
Literacy Rates:(age 15 and over who can read and write)
Total Population: 52%Male: 65.5%Female: 37.7%
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Urban LifeUrban Life
Three of the worlds largest cities are in IndiaBombay, Calcutta, New Delhi
Indians are migrating to the cities in search of jobs and a better life.Overcrowding is a problem for public transportation systems.Air pollution is a serious problem
Most serious environmental problem and threat to public health is
inadequate access to clean water and sanitation
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ETHNIC DIVISIONSETHNIC DIVISIONSs Indo-Aryan 72%Indo-Aryan 72%
s Dravidian 25%Dravidian 25%
s Mongoloid and other 3%Mongoloid and other 3%
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ReligionsReligionssHindu 80%Hindu 80%sMuslim 14%Muslim 14%
sChristian 2.4%Christian 2.4%sSikh 2%Sikh 2%
sBuddhist 0.7%Buddhist 0.7%sJains 0.5%Jains 0.5%
sOther 0.4%Other 0.4%
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Common LanguagesCommon Languages
s HindiHindi
s AssameseAssamese (Assam)(Assam)
s
BengaliBengali (West Bengal and(West Bengal andBangla Desh)Bangla Desh)
s Gujarati (Gujarati (Gujarat)Gujarat)
s KannadaKannada (Karnataka)(Karnataka)
s KashmiriKashmiri (Jammu and(Jammu andKashmir)Kashmir)
s Konkani (Konkani (Konkan region)Konkan region)
s MalayalamMalayalam (Kerala)(Kerala)
s MarathiMarathi (Maharashtra)(Maharashtra)
s OriyaOriya (Orissa)(Orissa)
s
PunjabiPunjabi (Punjab)(Punjab)s SanskritSanskrit (Classical)(Classical)
s SindhiSindhi (North-west(North-westfrontier)frontier)
s TamilTamil (Tamil Nadu)(Tamil Nadu)
s TeluguTelugu (Andhra Pradesh)(Andhra Pradesh)
s UrduUrdu (Jammu and(Jammu andKashmir)Kashmir)
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Language FactsLanguage Facts
s Hindi - Official language (30%)Hindi - Official language (30%)
s English - Official working languageEnglish - Official working language
s 15 national languages recognized by the15 national languages recognized by theIndian constitiutionIndian constitiution
s Languages spoken in over 1600 dialectsLanguages spoken in over 1600 dialects
s Most Indians speak more than oneMost Indians speak more than one
languagelanguage
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CULTURECULTUREs Creative ArtsCreative Arts
Sculpture, Architecture, PaintingSculpture, Architecture, Painting
s Classical DancesClassical Dances
Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Kathak,Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Kathak,ManipuriManipuri
s Traditional CraftsTraditional Crafts
s Traditional LiteratureTraditional Literature
Fiction, EpicsFiction, Epics
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IndiaIndia
EconomyEconomy
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India - Total Land UseIndia - Total Land Use
s 55% = Arable Land55% = Arable Land
s 23% = Forest23% = Forest
s 4% = Meadows and Pastures4% = Meadows and Pasturess 1% = Permanent Crops1% = Permanent Crops
s 17% = Other17% = Other
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AgricultureAgriculture
s Agriculture makes up 35% of India'sAgriculture makes up 35% of India's
National income.National income.
s Chief Summer Crops are Rice and Millet.Chief Summer Crops are Rice and Millet.s Chief Winter Crops are Wheat and Pulses.Chief Winter Crops are Wheat and Pulses.
s Other Crops are: oilseed, cotton, jute, cattle,Other Crops are: oilseed, cotton, jute, cattle,
tea, sugarcane, potatoes, water buffalo,tea, sugarcane, potatoes, water buffalo,sheep, goats, poultry, and fish.sheep, goats, poultry, and fish.
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How India Makes MoneyHow India Makes Money
s Exports $29.96Exports $29.96
Billion (1995).Billion (1995).
s
Cotton Goods, Iron,Cotton Goods, Iron,
Raw Jute, Coffee,Raw Jute, Coffee,
Electrical Goods,Electrical Goods,
Leather, andLeather, and
Handicrafts.Handicrafts.
s Imports 33.5Imports 33.5
Billion (1995).Billion (1995).
s
Diamonds, Cereals,Diamonds, Cereals,
Copper, Zinc, andCopper, Zinc, and
Petroleum.Petroleum.
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Village FarmingVillage Farming
s There are approximately 600,000 villages.There are approximately 600,000 villages.
s 65% of the population lives in villages.65% of the population lives in villages.
s Most of the villages use animal power forMost of the villages use animal power forplowing.plowing.
s Villages use irrigation because small riversVillages use irrigation because small rivers
run dry in the summer.run dry in the summer.
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Industrial PolicyIndustrial Policy
s Light restrictions on capitol good imports.Light restrictions on capitol good imports.
s Developing an exchange rate for theDeveloping an exchange rate for the
Rupee.Rupee.s Imports of second hand goods is allowed.Imports of second hand goods is allowed.
s India has high skilled, low cost labor.India has high skilled, low cost labor.
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IndustriesIndustries
s India ranks among theIndia ranks among the
top ten industrialtop ten industrial
nations.nations.
s There are 300,000There are 300,000
registered companies.registered companies.
s The government runsThe government runs
railroads, automobilerailroads, automobilemanufacturing andmanufacturing and
banks.banks.
s Major Industries:Major Industries:
s Textiles, Chemicals,Textiles, Chemicals,
Food Processing, Steel,Food Processing, Steel,
TransportationTransportation
equipment, Cement,equipment, Cement,
Mining, Petroleum,Mining, Petroleum,
and Machineryand Machinery
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Change In Indian LifeChange In Indian Life
s Arundathi Roy, winner of theArundathi Roy, winner of the
Booker Prize says, In the last threeBooker Prize says, In the last three
years television has changed Indiayears television has changed India
like nothing else has. It haslike nothing else has. It has
introduced a commercial greedyintroduced a commercial greedy
culture. If you come into a countryculture. If you come into a country
and say you must consume moreand say you must consume more
when people do not even havewhen people do not even have
enough to live on, you are injectingenough to live on, you are injecting
greed into a culture which was notgreed into a culture which was not
previously greedy. Beforepreviously greedy. Beforetelevision there was an absence oftelevision there was an absence of
greed. There has always been greatgreed. There has always been great
poverty in India, but it was povertypoverty in India, but it was poverty
without greediness.without greediness.
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FACTS ABOUT INDIAFACTS ABOUT INDIAs India has become one of the top five industralised nations in theIndia has become one of the top five industralised nations in the
worldworlds India has the least adequate telephone system of any of theIndia has the least adequate telephone system of any of the
industrializing countriesindustrializing countries
Three of every four villages have no telephone serviceThree of every four villages have no telephone service
Only 5% of Indias villages have long-distance serviceOnly 5% of Indias villages have long-distance services Dress: Men in the North wear a loose type of pyjama and kurtaDress: Men in the North wear a loose type of pyjama and kurta
(shirt); Men in the South and East use dhotis(shirt); Men in the South and East use dhotis
Women wear the sari: the way it is worn varies from region toWomen wear the sari: the way it is worn varies from region to
regionregion
s Common form of greeting:Common form of greeting:
Namaste both hands are joined and raised in greetingNamaste both hands are joined and raised in greeting
Women do not generally shakeWomen do not generally shake hands.hands.
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INDIAS STORYINDIAS STORY
s The Indus Valley CivilizationThe Indus Valley Civilization
s Aryans and the Vedic AgeAryans and the Vedic Age
s Rise of Religions and Emergence of the StateRise of Religions and Emergence of the State
s The Gupta AgeThe Gupta Age
s The Southern KingdomThe Southern Kingdom
s The Muslim InvasionsThe Muslim Invasions
s
The MarathasThe Marathass Coming of the EuropeansComing of the Europeans
s The Struggle for IndependenceThe Struggle for Independence
s The New StateThe New State
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CUISINECUISINE
s
Hindu and Muslim religious traditions haveHindu and Muslim religious traditions havehad the most influence on cuisinehad the most influence on cuisine
s Essence of Indian cooking is in theEssence of Indian cooking is in the
appropriate use of aromatic spicesappropriate use of aromatic spices
s Main ingredients:Main ingredients:
milk products (ghee), curd (dahi), lentilsmilk products (ghee), curd (dahi), lentils
(dals), rice, vegetables(dals), rice, vegetables
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Typical North-Indian MealTypical North-Indian Meal
s CahpatisCahpatis ororRotisRotissParathasParathas
s RiceRice
s Assortment of accessories:Assortment of accessories:
DalsDals, fried vegetables, curries, curd,, fried vegetables, curries, curd,
chutney,chutney, and picklesand pickles
s Dessert:Dessert:
Rasagulla, snadesh, rasamalai, gulab-Rasagulla, snadesh, rasamalai, gulab-
jamuns, kheer, shahi tukra, kulfijamuns, kheer, shahi tukra, kulfi
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Typical South-Indian MealTypical South-Indian Meals RiceRice
sSambharSambhar
sRasamRasam
s
Dry and curried vegetablesDry and curried vegetablessPachadiPachadi
s CoconutCoconut
sDosa, Idli, Vada, DalDosa, Idli, Vada, Dals Dessert:Dessert:
PakPakoror PayasumPayasum
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