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Review of Mobile BroadbandWireless Access (MBWA)technologies
(IEEE 802.16e and IEEE 802.20)
By
Thikriat Al mosawi
November 2004
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OUTLINE
Introduction: what is the Broadband Wireless Access
(BWA)
Benefits of BWA
Two technologies
IEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.20
An overview and
Technical issues
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Introduction
What is a BWA?
High speed connection
Uses radio waves
Point to multipoint system
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Benefits of BWA
High speed data, voice and video services
Faster time to market and lower total cost of
ownership
Last-mile connection
Flexible
reliability
Competitive environment
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Two technologies
IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.20
IEEE 802.16 an overview
IEEE 802.16 MAN Standard
will be able to connect 802.11 hotspots to the internet.
provides up to 31 miles of service area range.
has developed a point-to-multipoint broadband
wireless access standard for systems in the frequencyranges 10-66 GHz and sub 11 GHz.
the standard covers both MAC and the PHY layers.
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WiMAX
Technology
Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access (WiMAX)
It will provide fixed, nomadic, portable and, eventually,mobile wireless broadband connectivity.
connectivity at rates of up to 75 Mb/sec WiMAX 10-66 GHz technical working group
- two MAC system profile
- two primary PHY system profile
WiMAX 2-11 GHz technical working group
- defining MAC and PHY system profile for
IEEE 802.16e and HiperMAN standards.
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IEEE 802.16 Technology
design issues
It was designed to develop an air interface based
on a common MAC protocol.
Designed a flexible MAC layer and
accompanying physical layer (PHY) for
10-66 GHz.
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Physical Layer
The 10-66 GHz PHY assumesline-of-sight propagation
It contains several forms ofmodulations and multiplexingto support different frequencyranges and applications
Data rates determined by exactmodulation and encodingschemes.
Channel
Size
(MHz)
Bit Rate
(Mbps)
QPSK
Bit Rate
(Mbps)
16-QAM
Bit Rate
(Mbps)
64-QAM
20 32 64 96
25 40 80 120
28 44.8 89.6 134.4
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IEEE 802.16 Reference Model
and Protocol Stack
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IEEE 802.16e
MBWA
technology related issues
IEEE802.16e Mobility Enhancements
-MAC and PHY enhancements
-Power consumption reduction-Hand-Off
Mobility Management-Control by L2.5 Routing
MAC and PHY enhancements
- The proposal addresses the need for fast
correction , frequency and timing.-The proposed PHY layer is based on
OFDM/OFDMA
- The configuration offers simplicity forboth fixed and mobile implementations
Power Consumption Reduction
-Battery power for the Mobile Terminal
-Introduce two modes for the SS:Awake-mode andSleep-Mode
Awake-mode: is when SS is receiving andtransmitting PDUs in a normal fashion
Sleep-Mode: is whenthe SS may power down. Ithas two parameters: Sleep-interval andListening-interval
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Example of the Sleep Mode
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Example of the Sleep Mode
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IEEE802.16e Mobility
Enhancements
Handoff
Optimize L2 handoff
Provide trigger to L3 Allow mobile SSs to move efficiently between
BSs
Smooth BSs transitions with minimal loss ofPDUs
Fast BSs transition to guarantee QoS
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Mobility Management
Communication link
between terminal and
the Internet must be
preserved IP address should stay the
same even a terminal
changes its location
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Mobility Management
In a multi-hop networkseveral paths exists.
a tunnel needs to be
created to allow send orreceive packets from orto known IP address ofa terminal
The tunnel must followthe movement of theterminal
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Mobility Management
The 802.16e aim is :
To find the best path between terminal and
gateway node.
The tunnel should be the best path
Also the bandwidth must be guaranteed
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Mobility Control by L2.5
Routing
Three possibilities can be
considered to set up a
tunnel either by using L1or L3 or L2.5.
The IEEE 802.16e
proposed is to use L2.5
label to set up tunnels.
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Creating tunnels
by using L1
It is not scalable
It will have complex
routing as the BS
getting bigger.
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Creating tunnels
by using L3
It is very complicated
path control depends
on IP
IP is wrapped by IP
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Creating tunnels
by using L2.5
802.16e proposal
An appropriate path will be set
up
Getting path control over
heterogeneous physical
The path control is
independent from the IP layer
Both IPv4 and IPv6 can be
used at the same time
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The vision of the
IEEE 802.20
Work
Domain
Home
Domain
SeamlessSeamless
UbiquitousUbiquitous
ExperienceExperience
Mobile
Domain
Portable Remote
Access Services
Field Service Apps
Hotel/Motel
Portable Services
Mobile Commerce
Services
Mobile Office (Voice
and Data Apps)
High BW Connectivity
Video Streaming -
Conferencing Apps
Portable
Office
Reservations-Listings
Directions ServicesVideo Streaming -
Conferencing Apps
Video Streaming -
Conferencing Apps
Mobile Broadband
Wireless Access
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IEEE 802.20 Technology Design
Issues
It specifies the PHY and MAC layers of an air interface
Its system reference architecture will be based on alayered architecture
The MAC layer may consist of common part and a PHY-
specific part if more than one PHY technology is adopted
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IEEE 802.20
MBWA
technology related issue
Seamless Handover between
802.20 MBWA/802.11/802.15
Fast handover Traffic model
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Seamless Handover between
802.20 MBWA/802.11/802.15
They propose an
adaptation layer (Virtual
Interface) to interact with
the IP and Data link layer.
They provide a unique
virtual MAC address
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Fast handover
They address the
benefits of providing
layer 2 hints (triggers)
to the network layer Fast handovers
anticipate movement
with the help of link
layer (triggers)
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Traffic model
The 802.20 Traffic Models is a subgroup of
802.20 Channel and Traffic Model Group
Traffic Models is needed because MBWA will
have multiple types of IP-based services
There will be a mix of user applications and
various different user scenarios
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Traffic model
Traffic and application details depend on user and device scenario
Laptop
PDA
Smart phone
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Traffic types
Web browsing
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
E-mail WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)
VoIP
Video telephony/ videoconference
Audio streaming
Gaming
File-sharing
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Traffic mix
Different types of devices such as laptop,
PDA and phone.
Different services from same device or user
such as web-conference (Web +audio) v.
singleservice (E-mail).
Different level of use (intense V. light)
Different demand on response time ( real-
time Vs. best-effort)
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