Welcome
Namaste
A study on
Rural Road Development & Maintenance
Management in Nepal
• Bhim P. Upadhyaya, DDG, DoLIDAR/MLD
• Devendra Karki, SE, DoR/MoPPW
• Mukunda Raj Prakash Ghimire, JS, MoST
• Prem Kumar Shahi, DIG, APF
• Rudra P Paudel, JS, MoHA
• Shreedhar Sapkota, Joint Government Attorney,
Office of Attorney General
Content of PresentationContent of Presentation1. Preliminaries & Objectives of the Study
2. Introduction & Methodology
3. Organizations Visit and Policy Documents’ Study, Status and Review
4. Field Visits, Data Collection and Analysis4. Field Visits, Data Collection and Analysis
5. Strategic Issues Identification & Environmental Scanning
6. Strategic Recommendations & Implementation Plan: Policy, Organization and Human Resources
7. Conclusions
8. Appendices
Preliminaries Preliminaries Introduction, Methodology & Introduction, Methodology & Objectives of the StudyObjectives of the Study
Shreedhar Sapkota
Study on policy implementation towards rural road development and maintenance.
status of the
Objective of the study
How is this managed?
status of the rural road
maintenance system
the network maintained & Improved
Study Methodology & processStudy Methodology & process
Methodology
� Primary and Secondary Data Collection
� Visit to the relevant Organizations: NPC,
Process
� Review of the Policy Documents on Rural Road
Analysis of data, maps, Organizations: NPC, RoD, DoLIDAR, DTOs-Ilam, Jhapa, Lalitpur
� Interaction with the Officials
� Presentation from officials
� Analysis of data, maps, SWOT analysis etc.
� Strategic Issues Identified,
� Report Writing
Limitation of the studyLimitation of the study
�Time and location,
�Limitation on review of different infrastructure policies
�Highly focused on Local Infrastructure Policy 2061
�not consider other rural roads: RoD, irrigation, VDC, others
Organizations Visit and Policy Organizations Visit and Policy Documents’ Study, Status and ReviewDocuments’ Study, Status and Review
Rudra Prasad Rudra Prasad Poudel
Policy Documents ReviewedPolicy Documents Reviewed
1. Nepal Road Statistics 2010 (DoR)
2. Local Infrastructure Development Policy (LIDP)
3. Strategic Action Plan for Local Infra. Dev.
4. National Rural Road Maintenance Plan DoLIDAR
5. Rural Road Maintenance Directive, DoLIDAR5. Rural Road Maintenance Directive, DoLIDAR
6. 20 Year Agricultural Perspective Plan
7. Rural Road Vision 2025 India
8. Pradhan Mantri Gram SadakYojana India- A Briefing Paper
9. Rural Road Maintenance ILO report 2007
10. Yearly District Development Plans of DDCs
Rural Road Development Rural Road Development AgenciesAgencies
1. DoR
2. DoLIDAR
3. DDCs(DTOs)
4. Department of Irrigation for Canal Roads4. Department of Irrigation for Canal Roads
5. National Planning Commission
6. Ministry of Local Development
7. Bi- & Multinational Donor/Lending Agencies
Stakeholder Organizations Stakeholder Organizations VisitedVisited
1. National Planning Commission( NPC)
2. Department of Roads (DoR)
3. Dept of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads(DoLIDAR)and Agricultural Roads(DoLIDAR)
4. District Technical Office, Lalitpur( DTOL)
5. District Technical Office, Ilam( DTOI)
6. District Technical Office, Ilam( DTOJ)
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Field Visits, Data Collection, Field Visits, Data Collection, Analysis & FindingsAnalysis & Findings
Bhim Upadhyaya
Exponential Budget increase. The 70 % of total budget is for Local
Infrastructure, and 70 % of this for Rural Roads
Local Dev InvestmentYear Between Expenditure Rs Crore
038/39- 039/40 61040/41- 044/45 170045/46-049/50 230050/51- 054/55 1417
17
050/51- 054/55 1417
055/56- 059/60 2116
060/61- 063/64 3040
064/65-066/67 7300
067/068 budget* 4100
Total 1, 87,40
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8f]ln8f/sf] ;+u7g ;+/rgfDoLIDAR STRUCTURE
Rural/Agri Roads SectionSDE 1
Engineer 2
Suspension Bridge SectionSDE 1
Engineer 4
Rural/Agri Roads DivisionDDG
Account SectionAccount Officer 1
General Admin SectionSenior Admin Officer
Section Officer 1Law Officer 1
DIRECTOR GENERALGaz Idxflgb]{zs
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Planning & Donor CoordinationSection
SDE 1 Engineer 2Agri Economist 1
Monotoring,Environment &Technology Promotion Section
SDE 1 Engineer 2,Social Scientist 1
Planning,Monotoring & DonorCoordination Division
DDG
Rural Drinking water andSanitation & Building Section
SDE 1 Engineer 2
Irrigation River control andOther Infras SectionSDE 1 Engineer 2,
Agri Engineer 1
Other Infras Development DivisionDDG
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Road Accessibility
Accessibility Status 1,2,3,4 hrs
�1 hr
�2 hr
�3 hr
�4 hr�4 hr
Lalitpur Road Access
Total Rural Road 560 km;
Popn 3.4 Lakh; 385 Sqkm
Ilam Road AccessTotal Rural Road 1270 km;
Popn 3 Lakh; Area 1703 Sqkm
Jhapa Road AccessTotal Rural Road 1470 km;
Popn 6.4 Lakh; Area 1606 Sqkm
Roads and Poverty
Strategic Issues Identification Strategic Issues Identification & Environmental Scanning& Environmental Scanning
Mukunda Raj Prakash Ghimire
Environmental ScanningStrength Weakness
•Adequate Laws and
Policies
•Budget allocation
increasing exponentially
• Multiple technical
organizations
•Contradictory and mutually nullifying policies
•Inadequate budget allocation for ever
increasing projects
• Untargeted development of network funded
by local resources
•Un-integrated development of road
•Inadequate capacity of Local body
•Non-compliance of DTMPorganizations
•Local bodies
•Political participation
•Competent Human
resources
•Regular enrichment of
human resources•Beginning of ICT use
•Sector-wide development
Approach begun
•Non-compliance of DTMP
•Political highhandedness in selection of road
alignment
•Understaffing of technical officials
• Lack of competence building contractors,
•Donor driven policies
•Lack of career development opportunity
• Lack of ICT manpower for effective e-
government
•Lack of Emphasis in Maintenance of road .
Environmental ScanningOpportunity Threat
•Rural Road at the
top priorities in the
peoples need.
•Donors’ priorities
•Insecure feeling in the staff
•Lack of policy in attracting competent
professional to work at the remote
areas
•Environment degradation due to
haphazard development of rural roads•Donors’ priorities
and attraction in the
rural infrastructure
sectors
•Active participation
and contribution of
local community
haphazard development of rural roads
•Political interference in budget
allocation to the local roads
•Lack of emphasis in maintaining rural
roads from the local politicians
•Lack of ownership feeling in rural
roads
•Quasi contractor-ship in the name of
users committee
•Competing multiple organizations
Strategic Issues IdentifiedStrategic Issues Identified
1. How to Optimally Develop Rural Road Network?
2. How to ensure proper rural roads maintenance Management ?
3. How to ensure providing transport service Delivery on the Roads?
3. How to ensure providing transport service Delivery on the Roads?
4. How to Appropriately re-organize Organizational System for effective management of Roads?
5. How to Reinforce the organizations with adequate and competent Human Resources?
Rural Road Density
Area sq
km
VDC
No. +
Muni
cipali
ty
Rural Road
length km
Populatio
n million
Rural
Road
density
per 1
Lakh
Rural
Road
density
km per
100
sqkm
APP
target
km
per
100 sq
km
Nepal 147,181 3915 40,000(+100 280 34.0 27 11Nepal 147,181 3915 40,000(+100
00=50,000
SRN)
280
lakh
34.0 27 11
Lalitpur 385 41+1 560 3.4 lakh 113.2 145.5 23
Ilam 1703 48+1 1270 3 lakh 423.3 74.5 11
Jhapa 1606 47+3 1490 6.9
lakh
216.0 92.8 23
Road Network Development Road Network Development IndicatorsIndicators
1. Road per 100 sq.km Land Area (APP)Terai 23 from 13km; Hill 11 from 6km; Mountain 4 from 1km)
2. Road Indicator- Road per 10 Lakh population( Accessibility quality)
Higher the Road density, higher the affluence
Road Head Access by walking time( LID Policy)3. Road Head Access by walking time( LID Policy)2 hr for Terai; 4 hrs for Hill & Mountain
4. Road Access to Cluster of human settlement( India’s policy)
Paved Road for population threshold- all weather for all settlement cluster >500 population
5. Economy: Road cost per capita ( World Banks feasibility for rural road in Nepal, RAIDP)< $100 per capita cost is feasible for IRR.
Strategic Recommendations & Strategic Recommendations & Implementation PlanImplementation Plan
Devendra Karki
Strategic
Issues
How to address? Responsi
bility
Time
Frame1
. O
pti
miz
ati
on
of
rura
l r
oa
d
•Review of LID Policy GoN, MLD,
DoLIDAR
3 months
•Formulation of separate Rural Road
Policy on sector-wide approach
MLD,
DoLIDAR
1 year
•New DTMP focusing cluster
approach >1500 -1000-500
population criteria and all weather
DDCs, DTOs 6 months
1.
Op
tim
iza
tio
n o
f ru
ral r
oa
d
ne
two
rk
population criteria and all weather
access
•New Dedicated Rural Road Office in all
districts
MLD,DDC 6 months
• Separate Road building and Maintenance
Sections under the new office
MLD,DDC 6 months
•Separate Bridge Directorate under DoLIDAR GoN, MLD 6 months
•Adequate permanent technical officials
staffing @ 1 Er, 2 sub-Er per 4 crore budget
work load in all districts
MLD, MoGA 1 year
Strategic
Issues
How to address? Respon
sibility
Time
Frame2
. M
ain
ten
an
ce S
tra
teg
y f
or
Ru
ral
Ro
ad
Ma
inte
na
nce
fo
r
be
tte
r se
rvic
e D
eli
ve
ry
•Review of LID Policy GoN, MLD,
DoLIDAR
3 months
•Formulation of separate Rural Road
Policy with emphasis on maintenance
MLD,
DoLIDAR
1 year
•Maintenance Plan in the New DTMP focusing
cluster approach >1500-1000-500 population
criteria and all weather access
DDCs,
DTOs
6 months
•Maintenance section under New MLD,DDC 6 months
2.
Ma
inte
na
nce
Str
ate
gy
fo
r
Ru
ral
Ro
ad
Ma
inte
na
nce
fo
r
be
tte
r se
rvic
e D
eli
ve
ry
•Maintenance section under New
Dedicated Rural Road Office
MLD,DDC 6 months
•Handing over provision of built road
from building section to maintenance
section regular basis
DDCs Within 3 mths of
setting up of
new road offices
•Separate Rural Road Budget line in Red
Book of MoF under MLD
MLD, MoF From the next
fiscal year
•Adequate separate staffing for regular
maintenance management @ 1 Er ,2
SubEr for 100 km of rural roads
MLD,
MoGA
1 year
Fikkal Shriantu Rural Road, Ilam
Domukha Road, Jhapa
Satashi Bridge Pier Failure across Dudhe –
Birpur-Bagahachaudhari , Jhapa
Surunga - Saranamati –Tagandubba-Digalbank,
Jhapa
Conclusion & AppendicesConclusion & Appendices
Prem Kumar Shahi
ConclusionsConclusions1. Total length of rural roads density exceeds minimum
requirement to provide access to rural Nepal wherever the network exist.
2. Development of Road network is imbalanced between districts, regions, ecological zones
3. More than 40,000 km of rural road network are constructed which itself is a huge asset and investmentwhich itself is a huge asset and investment
4. But effectiveness of rural road services due to disrepair deterioration, need protection & maintenance
5. Huge fund required for maintenance and up-keeping of the constructed roads and ensuring adequate fund is the main challenge.
6. Development of new road network at the cost of maintenance get priority over maintenance of rural roads.
7. Rural road development has also negative impact on environment through landslide, erosion, pollution etc which
need attention.8. Adequate number of qualified, experienced technical human
resources is the basis of quality works which is lacking 9. Without quality works no roads can provide reliable,
sustainable and enduring services.10. Opening of new roads is given highest priorities but provided
public transport services is not sufficient.public transport services is not sufficient.11. How to provide public transport services is the challenge.12. Providing 2/4 hrs accessibility can not address the rural
access services, For there must be a regular public transport facilities.
13. Providing all weather roads to the cluster of human settlement should be made the prime policy in Nepal. Settlement with more than 1500 -1000-500 population should be covered in the first phase and rest in the second phase.
14. Dedicated Rural road professional /government offices should be set up immediately to develop and manage rural road with enforcement rights.
15. Workload versus man power availability norms should be established with adequate monitoring and supervision logistic facilities.
16. One Engineer +Two Sub-Engineers should be made responsible for workload of maximum Rs 4 Crore/100 kmsresponsible for workload of maximum Rs 4 Crore/100 kms
17. All the district should reformulate District Transport Master Plans in accordance with the recommendation.
18. The master plan must have the information of all the settlement clusters. Those links which connect having more than 1500-1000-500 populations will be put in the top priority list.
19. Nepal Government should reformulate Rural Road Development Policy addressing the recommendation herein
20 year Agricultural Perspective Plan and Rural Road Density
Terai :13 to 23
km/100 sqkm
Hill: 6 to 11
km/100 sqkm
Mountain: 1 to
4km/100 sqkm
Nepal: 6 to
11km/100
sqkm
2054 to 2074
Agricultural Perspective Plan and Rural Road Length
Terai 3,400km, Hill 1950km, Mountain 850km.
Total 6,200km
SEDP Training Snaps
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