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A c tu a l A F U N A N O I N FO R M A T IV E W A Y T O IM P R O V E Y O U R E N G L lS H !
actua Ieng Iish. redusers.com
Je rusa lem
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SUBSCRIBElOA UA E GLI H
AND lAVE 25k!
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Contents
38 I Business: Multitasking workersLacest technology allows peopIe ro accomplish more in less time.
28 I City guide: JerusalemEvery square inch of the stony ground is covcrcd in blood and history, hopesand prayers. perdition and redempcion. For each traveler and every residem,
che hstory is difrecent, che map h diffecem, d:e cruth isdHTerent.
441 Storytelling: Pygmalion
The andem Greeks tdl che legend of the sculpcor Pygmalion.who crQced a scatue of a woman (J~ such beauty mat he fcll
in lave wich his own creadon. Cemuries lacer, Gwrge Bernard
Shaw captured che magic of chis legend in his ceJebraced pla)'.
As V3.'it tracts of rain forest are c1eared, Brazil has become tite world's fourth-
largest producer of [he greenhouse gases thar cause global warming. aftee the
United Sutes. China and Indone;ia, according to the mast recent data &om
the U.S.ba.sed World Rc:sources Institute.
12 I The AIOS uaccineEach day, 13,000 people worldwide contraer che virus rhar causes AJOS, rhe
United Nacions estimares. But [wo decades afier [he disease was fiese
identified, scienrists are srill srruggling [Q find a vaccine rhar could help
comain its spread.
22 IThe Amazon
18 I Fashion: Co um dr mThe mase rnearrica1 evening looks by [he grealesr designers
32 Ilnfo: Dakar Rally
Plus...
34 I Music Reuiew
36 I Packing
40 I English Tips &Tricks
48 I Triuia: MATRIX
2 I Ilnfo: Champagne
2 I CO-ROM contents
26 I BIO: Mickey MouseSurveying his company's success, ~'alt
Oisney nOled, "Ir was a1lstarted by a
Mouse",
3 I Wonderful World
Exciting news from around (he
world.
10 I Gadgets
Technology fan? If [he answer is yes~
you should check our monthly
selection of cool gizmos.
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2 Actual En lish IS SU E 07
C D -R O M C on ten tsc
..-_-_._ _ . . . . .
"- ----,,-----. ._ _ . ._ - _ . ._ -_ . . .- _ . ._ . ._ -, ._ _ . .- _ . .,--_ . .- _ . . . . .---- ,
[email protected]. . " .
-. . . ._. ._ _ . _ - - ---"-"-"-'"-'''._ _ . . ._ . ._---------_ . . . . . - . . .- . . -_ ._ - - - - _ . ._ . _ - . .---_. ._ - .
The CD a 1 5 0 helps readers improvc their
pronunciation, because it contains the artidesin Judio formato
_lOW
-,~
A J I l S
--
Wc also include a se1ecrion of dicrionarics anu
translators fOf your \Vindo\',.'s pe. You caninstall them direcdy from ,he CD-ROM.
~ wN1hP1ltwloIlowOnc_t'mO'nh -o-Itw..idIo MI T"", CNJ.Mw
._ .t_""""""_tobo'__ .XlI\aoIt __ ft'ftbo1 . _~ ..-. III~_ ,.o..uu~ .._ ,_
~ TMp,_"_..Ntt1fOn.Iwlp .........,_....-. O .ccmI(D.~O'.h:Los (O,JOM~ 'nd. ,dos en eSla pu~lcilrf1"ua,iesan un ~trklo tonUol de calidad. A!\ li .J"asIKlOJjl$ aperi:nenldn prt l~ltmilSe n su ali l lNCo, Vno Pem1 iltrl lacor"eaa l eCMa de los COs Si s t e e s w caSlJ ,por I~ Q)m.,n.qu~ cor, I ' l () lI trCl~a Jcs lelttonos I d'~eccC~e1 q.e fg..ran JIf!la IOISJllt8UIOOllH: Ar!jl"'l:-l1a:Cap l"l: VaC(dIOS!aU S . : I l "d ,T o l ' laJ .( el ; 001 M e. (I al ch y _ lrll:unl" mlOfrrallln !>er',:es1lIf A!OS Io
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NelllS ' , , .' ~ U P P ER I N TE R M ED I AT E /A D V A N CE D
onder uf W ' a
A heart ina ja rRESEARCHERS AT THE UNlVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
HAVE GROWN A BEATING HEART IN AJAR.
3
They used detergents to strip a rat heart 01 its own celis, lea-
ving behind a white, three-dimensional scaffolding2 01 con-
nective tissue. They then inlused it with living cardiac cells
Irom newborn rats, which multipl ied and greVl into a lul iy
lunelional heart, a lirst in the lield 01 tissue engineering.
"We've l igured out hoVl to use nature's own matr ix: cham-
bers, valves, blood vessels," said Dr. Doris Taylor, the lead
researcher and director 01 the university's C enter lor
Cardiovascular Repair. She said that the technique holds pro-
mise lor grolVing human tissue to repair not only hearts, but
many other parts 01 the body. It might be possible, she said,
to grow whole organs lor patients who need a transplant.
Other t issue engineer ing scientists around the country said
there are enormous obstades to u,;ng the technique lor
people, but described the work as excit ing and a landmarkl.
"11'sgutsy4. I am very impressed 'Mth her going r ight lor the
University 01 Minnesota researcher Doris Taylor
talks about using decellularized swine' hearts in her
experiments to grow a new heart,
meatS 01 it ... and shovving remarkable results," said Dr.
Buddy Ratner, a University 01 Washington bio-engineer,
Growing human tissue outside the body has been a medical
Holy Grail lor decades, Progress accelerated in recent years
with the use 01 stem celis, special celis in embryos and
adults that can be manipLiated to grow into m any kinds 01
tissue. The Nationai Institute 01 Health has provided millions
01 doliars lar tissue engineering, but so lar researchers have
had successwith only a lew types 01 human tissue -primariiy
bladders6, skin, and blooc vessels.
I fo s 'Ph in , M arr :ol1J
1 swlne: (formal or North American) ;1 pig I2 scaffolding: .supporting mmework I3 landmarlc: an evem, idea, or in:m thar represents a
significant or historie deveJopmenr I4 gutsy: showing courage, boldnC5S, and determinanon I5 meat: important. valuable or inte:ttSting ideas or
informadoR or the essence or important pm of som~hing 16 bladder(s): an organ or ather body part fer storing a liquid or gas. espedally the sac
mar stores urine (urinary bladder) al me su: tliar stofCl bile (gallbladdcr)
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4 NeliJS ( ~ . I lf lPER IfJ1 !lrJl~lJl/,1 :r\l)j/.rJ( )
C a n a n 'eco-city' c l e a rth e a ir in China?
TO THE RESIDENTS OF CHIl'A'S MOST CRO'W'DED ANO POPULOUS CITY. THE AIR ON
NEARBY CHONGMING ISLAND HAS AN UNFNvllLIAR QUALITY: IT'S FRESH.
AbOut an hour 's ler ry r ide 110mthe edge 01 the c ity ,
the island's lanns and l ishing vi llages are a world
apart l rom the pol lut ion that pervades2 modern l ile
in China, and increasingly spi l ls out3 beyond i t.
A steady breeze rustles4 through lushs green ma"h
grass, the only sound besides lhe chirping6 01 migra-
t ing birds at the mouth 01 the Yangtze River. Fields 01
watennelon and cabbage st retch lor m i les.
"11'sthe last piece 01 undev=loped land in Shanghai, "
sa id Yan Yang, who grew uo in this c i ty before go;ng
to work ler S eattle architecture f irm Cal l ison. "I t's a
treasure." Shanghai developers plan to bui ld what
R u sh h o ur ' t ra ff ic h ea ds w e st,
fa din g in to th e s mo g a t d us k
o n th e N o rt h T h ir d R in g R o a d
in Beij ing, China.
they say wi l l be lhe world's f i rst sustainable "eco-
city" on a plot7 three-Ioueths lhe size 01 Manhattan.
Cal led Dongtan, or East Beach, the project attempts
to channel China 's vorac ious demand lor housing
and energy into a radical1evv model: a ci ty lhat
eventually supports hal l a mil lion residents, recycies
almost al l 01 i ts waste, produces i ts electr ici ty l rom
wind turbines, solar panels and bioluel, and lemes8
people around in hydrogf ll luekell buses and so lar -
powered water taxis.
IK rist H rim .
1 rush hour: a p~riod ofh~vy traffic:n me moming and evening during which people are rravding ro ani from work1 2 pervade(s): [O spm.d
mrough oc be present throughout something 13 spJII(s) out: lO Ro w o c &11OUtof a container 14 rustle(s): ro move with a swishing o r 50ftcrack1ing
soundI5 lush: growing vigorousIy espedally with luxuriam foliage I6 chirplng: a sharp sound made by small birds oc inStS I7 plot: a picee ofJandm ar has becn rnarked or m~ured for a particular purpose I8 ferry(ies): [OU2nSport p:usengers or goods back 2nd forth by any vehide
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Gua
EXP~LENGUAS@y CULTURAS
Articles of interest Bookstores C:orporate Tourism
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Ethnic Restaurants Interpreters language Institutes
Language Tourism Modern Language Departments
Neutral Spanish Professional Associations Proofreading
Publishing Companies Radio and TV Announcers Simultaneous
Interpretation Equipment Social Tourism Spanish for Foreigners
Specialized Books & Publications Subtitling Training Translators
Trends in the industry University Dorms
- . ' "buenosaires .J ~::;E
e.ltlffY.~"f! .= -
. ,
I gobBsAs I IgoblloAsI actltudBsAs
~ " J ,.(" ''' p.ftl, RADIO 1 1 1
~, :s,:t.~
dMllllObue~ alrH
gGt&o\& 57==_
@incullA @reD @mD: ' : : : : ' 0 : : . DID1Slfilo ~~~~ruNa
OIDlUU
ARGENTINA
WM'tturismo'1l" ' ' '
. National and International door-to-door shipments
Phone Number: (54-11) 4775-2870/ Fax: (54-11) 4775-2198
[email protected] .www.expo-Ienguas.com.ar
UMSA. . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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6
Deal ing wi tha dating SMOK ER> Und ers tand tha t i t' s an add ic ti on , a d i sease . I t' s ou t o f t he p e rson 's con t ro l , l ik e d iabe tes o r cance l .
> H ave so rne compass ion and see k se ren i ty and de tachment f r om the ad d ic ti on .
> Th e smoker i n t he re la ti onsh ip shou ld be resped fu l and po l it e , Le . go ou ts ide , b rush thE i r t ee th ,
use b rea th m in t s , e tc .
> Co up les shou ld no t t r y t o f o r ce the ir i deas on each o the r .
> The nonsm oker has to cons ide r whe the r he o r she can hand le i t if t he add id
ge ts s i c k o r ge ts cancer . You have to ask yourse l f: A re you w i l li ng to see
t hem t h r ough t ha t4)
Source: D r, lo is Nightingale , psychologist and director of the N ightingale
( l inic in Yorba linda.
IKo.thain< Nguyen
1 come up with: to produce or discO\'tr something .. in responseto a need orehaHenge 12boost to improve. st~ngthen. or encourage somebody
or sorncthing I 3 endorse: [Oappmve er suppon (an idea) openly I4 s ee (them) through (that): to provide somebody with hdp. 2dvke.and 5uppon, espedally in times of troublt
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S M A L L B U S IN E S S ?
E X P A N D !
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, , i UPPER- INTERMEDIATE /ADVANCED 9
T h e f i r s t automobile
Leonardoda Vlnel(1452-1519)
Englneer.selentlst,arehlteet;also an
artlst,palnted"Mona Usa"and "TheLastSup er"
r4i'~
~~~Elght-tooth ~
steertnggear Four-toothSharp turn steerlng gear _
Gentle turn
G ra p h lc : 8 e l in d l l L o n g , S u n .S e n t ln l l l
S o U r c ll: C B to Ia a n d Pa r tn e l l , I n s t l t u l e a n d M USl lu m o f t t l e HllIt lrj 0 1 S d e n c t l
(A o re n c e , l t a t ) , M u a e u m o t S c l t ln c l I (B o s to n l , B B C , R e u t l I f 1
Cart onlywenl
short dlslances,
may haya been
w h ee I 'lnlended lorr amusement at
court feasta
.f\.....
" JO ."
. ~Q J
e 2 0 0 4 K R T
, Il ."
,',
! TA L lA N SCIE N TI ST S H A V E BU IL T A W O RK IN G MO D EL O F A SPRI NG -
P OW E RE D V EH IC LE T HA T L EO NA RD O D A V IN CI C ON CE IV ED 5 00 YE AR S
BEFO RE THE FIRST AUTOMOBILE.
I . t } II f
4 S tee r lng gea r m ove s a rmt h a t t u r n s r e a r w h ee l
4 ft.(1.2 m) longmode/basedon sketch /n1478notebook
3 S lee r lng d l rec t lon I sp r e se t b e f o r e c a r t s t a r t sm ov lng by Ins ta l l ing arem ova b le gea r w l t h
p e t a l - s h aped l e e t h
H o w It w o r k sSeholars eould not make aworking model until reeently,when they finally understood
the eart's motor and steerlng
1 C o l led sp r lngs a re w oun d t lgh t w h l le b rak eho l d s c a r t I n p la ce
2 A s sp r tngs unw lnd , Q' ,~,. ,d r l v l n g g ea r s y ,,~~ , w-. _~t u m c a r t ' s 1 I~ S ,'-' f 1 : : 'tro n ! w h e e ls -- - , , - o , I
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10
Gadgets: Three
worth watchingHOW DOES A HIGH-DEFINITION VIDEO
DISPLAY MAKER STAND OUT IN THE
CROWDED FIELD OF 300 CURRENT MODELS?
\VE SAMPLED THE !J\TEST CROP' ANO BRlNG
YOU THREE OF THE BEST.
I I ,( '/lZ !,! " 1) / ' / -1 j IJ I )f la t- p an e l s e t m a k er s a r e s h ar p en in g { o e us o n t h e 3 2 - in e h e a te g o ry , a
s e r ee n s i ze t h at l il ls t h e b i l ' l o r t h e s e c o n d r o o m . T h e P h i l ip s
3 2 P f L 7 3 3 2 0 l ig h 1 5 u p a sm a l l s p a ee i n a sp e c ia l w a y , w i th p i d u re s t h a t
lo o m10
l a r g e r t h an t h e s c r : ! e n .W i th o n l in e p r ic i n g 0 1 1 9 0 0 10 S I , 1 0 0 , t h is s e t c o s t s a t l e a s t 1 1 0 0 m o r e
t ra n o t h e r l ir s l. ti e ,. b ra n d l l 3 2 - in e h e rs , b U I i t s e e m s w e l l w o r th i t.
---. . .- . . . . .
J he Jlm' nlllflf{}lI irO h , h ow p e o p l e e o m p l a in a b o u t h i g h -d e l in i ti o n v i d e o
p ro je d o rs l T h e p ro d u d S a re e x p en s iv e a n d d em an d a
t o ta l ly d a r k r o o m t o p e r to r m w e l l. A n d L C O . b as e d
m o d e l s s 'J f fe r I r o m v i s ib l e l a g " a n d b l u rr in g7 w hen
d i s pl a y in g f a s t- m o v i n g s p o r ts a n d v i d e o g a m e a a io n .
C l e ar ~ , t h e se e o m p l a ln e r s h a v e n 't m e t t h e n e w
P a n a s o n ie P T - A X 2 0 0 U , m a y b e t h e b e s t I in l e 7 2 0 p L C O
p ro je et o r th a t' s e v e r la nd e d on th es e sh o re s.
T h e n e w P T - A X 2 0 0 U e a r ri e s a S I , 2 9 9 m i n im u m
a d v er ti se d " Ic e , s l as h ed B l ro m t h e SI ,9 9 9 t ag l o r I ts
l e ss l e at u re - ri e h (l ) p r e d e ee s s o r, A g o o d d e a l!
'..
/W /lt'lJ) J '/11 Jll (' {./,Ir IO ne 0 1 t h e o r i g i n a t o r s 01 f la t - p a n e l p l a sm a Ns. P i o n ee r h a s l o st
e u s to m e r s t o b o t h l a rg e r . h i g h - v o lu m e c o m p a n i es a n d l o w - o v e rh e a d2
n e w e o m e r b r a n d s w i th l e ss - e x p en s i v e s e ts . R a t h er t h a n c u t e o r n e r s l.
P i on e er h a s g o n e t o th e o th e ' e x tr em e . r ed e si gn in g a n d b u il di n g t h e
b e s t p ro d u d it c a n to lu re 4 d s e er n in g e u st o m er s w ill in g to p a ya
p re m iu m . T h e re s u l t7 T h e n ew P io n ee r K u ro U n e o f p la s m a s c re en s
a v a i a b le i n 5 0 - a n d 6 0 - in e h s e re e n s iz e s w i th 7 2 0 p a rd 1 0 8 0 p v e rs io n s ,
a l l t o p r a te d b y e v er y r e v ie w , ," w h o 's l a id e y e s a n d h a n d s o n o n e ,
T h e li st p r ie e i s a s te e p' S 5 .0 0 0 , b u t I f o un d t he P i on e e r P O p - 50 1 0 fO
o n li ne a t m a n u la d u re r'a u th o ri ze d ( th u s " a rr an t y- se e u 'e d ) B e a eh
C am e r a l o r S 3 , 500 .
-------------------
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LEVELS.ADVANCED I PROFICIENCY 11
B i g s e r e e n , b i g s o u n dToday's "home Ihealer" isa fusion of two leehnofogies - a large, oltenhigh-definition video sereen and a mufti-speaker sUffound sound system
Power
surge
protector
Subwooler
Liquid erystal display
C2007 Mel
Receiverf
amplilier
(central
eleetronie
eomponent)
D e p l o y i n g t h e e l e m e n t s '
Distanee from TV lO viewer should be
about three times 11e width 01Ihe
sereen, for example 15 fl. (4.5 m)
. lar a 60 in. (152 eff) screen
Digitallightp r o c e s s in g ; a l s ocalled rear projeelion
V id e o s c r e e n t y p e s
Typieal sizes (measured diagonally)
8righlness,
color quality,
weight and
cosl varywidely
S p e a k e r a r r a n g e m e n t s '
5 s p e a k e r splus subwooferStandard home
Ihealer syslem
e(1))))jlg 7 s p e a k e r s ~\O
1
,= ',,,,'_m . ~~IH iii: (;~~:r~~w@ ((r~ Irequeney) ( "
o~Wm < m i O
8 \\~~\O
~ 6 s p e a k e r s ~ ~t:ll)})))~ sut~~~ler @ ((l
l~ ( / 1 .w 'm ( f f @ ( o
Science Matters
1 the (Iatest) crop: che oUlpm of something in a seuoo; 3. ba:h or 1m of somcrhing produced durit1g a particular cyeleI 2 low-
overhead: low-eost (of a bminC'ssrun wirhlow costs)13 cu t corners: to do somcthing [he chcapcsf or e a < > i e S I way 14 lure: 1 0 persuade
somcbody to do something by offering wrr,(,lhing tempting I 5 steep: (informal) unreasonably or exccssi\'ely high, e~peciallrin roSI I 6lag: ddays. rhe act ofslowing clown 17 blurring: loss ufdear vision 18 slashed: (ofrar~or priccs) rcJuccd sharpl)' 19 fill(s) the
bill: to be exacdy what is nceded, ro be suitable 110 100m: tappear as a large or indisrinct (ami sometirr.es mcnacing) shape ur ob;ccr 1
11 first-tier~brand:of a brand that is legarded a~ a UHlass brand due to me quality of its pruducu
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-
,
The AIDS vaccine,OVL'" "V I
5 sickle-cell anemia: chronic htrcdirary form of anemia [har occurs ma.inly in peoplc of African deseent. lt is causcd by 2 gene inht'rircd from
bOlh pa~nB I6 screen(lng): lO reor somcbody or somcthing for an illness ar dis~ I7 mandatory: required by )aw or mandare; compulsary.
obligarory I 8 dlscourage(s): (Orry lO srop someone from doing somcthing I 9 level(ed) off: to reach a level and becomc scable and
unchanging I 10 uproar: a hcard ar ntense controvcrsy I 11 by-product: a sccondary and somc=ornes unexpected ::onscquence I 12blueprint: a plan of aetion al a guidc ro doing sorncrhing
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IS
AdullS and children eslimaled to be living wilh HIV/AIDS by year's end 2007:
Ir'
EastAsa
S o uth , 8 ,0 ;0 00
Suthel iStA sia',
4.0 mil.'
Eastern Europe,Central ASia1.6 mil.
Sub.SaharanAfr ica .22.5mi.
Down Irom estimale published in 2006 of 39.5 milliQ"ldue in largaparl lo changas in lhe way lndia's H1Vrates are assessed
A ID S e p i d e m i c
C2007 MCT
Source: UNAIDS
Overal lLiving wilhHIVlAIOS'
33.2 miI l ion
New
inleotions
during 2007
2.5 mil l ion
Oied during
2007
2.1 miI l ion
The data produced Irom such stud"s and other
research inlormation will be put on 3 public Web
site lar use by all Al OS researchers ,nd members
01 the .virtual consortium." Scientists will use
the data to try to come up with 13new ideas lor
a vaccine, with the aim 01 getting vaccine candi-
dates in human testing by 2009.
trials -about 30- locus on achieving a particular kind 01 immune res-
ponse to the virus in the bloodstream The lirst results lrom those stu-
dies should be released in 2008. The new research eftort, however,
will also locus on some neglected'5 areas 01 study, including the pos-
sibility that a nasal-spray vacelne could stimulate the body's mucus
Iinings'6 -including in the genitals- to neutralize HIV belore it enters
the bloodstream and causes inlection.
S U M E P R U B L E M S W IT H T H E V A C C IN E
With one 01 the largest AIOS epidemics in the
world, South Alrica is already involved in creating
and testing potential AIOS vaccines, but its vacci-
ne candidates show promise only in Iimiting the
level 01 virus in the bloodstream 1401those who
become inlected, rather than curing their inlec-
tion altogether.
The problem is that most vaccines help a newly
inlected person clear the virus or bacteria lrom
the blood, ensuring the disease never develops.
With HIV, however, there is no known case 01 an
inlected person ever clearing the virus Irom his
body, which means an effective va':cine would
have to prevent inlection in the lirst place to be
eftective.
Nearly all the HIV vaccines currently in human
Charline Noel Jocelyn (center) i5 a 16-year-old HIV positive
teenager living at the Ilainbow House orphanage lor children
affected by AIOS in Port-au-Prince, Hait.
VOCABUlARY " ..~.~",Ic e " : . ' . . . :"'.~...;:".':"',:"..,.-.",".,;:"'' ' '7 :P O :,. --------- --._---".._-----_.-------- . . .~~13 come up with: ro produce or disco'-cr something, in response to a n~d oc ehallengc:1'4 bloodstream: the flowof blood drcul~tillgthrough the blood ,.essds of a person or animal 115 neglected: disregarded or not receiving enough attenrion 116 mucus Iining(s): a layer
of mucus covering me inside the organs ofu , e body
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Read the following paragraphs from the artic1eand
that best explains the
16 ..The AIDS i/acCi~eC 6 i tE -R Stb~ y> ; : ,~ , i{~~ : (L ~ L S ; ' I ~T ~~ ; ; ~~ ;~ ;~ ; ~p~ " f~ . I . ~~ ' ~ ' : ~ r i l ' ~ -E
.; . .'. ~., . ;~....".~
lL~'[[;]]M O V I E S ; ;, ~~~.~
111recenl y(>af~ the f ilrnrnilking induwy . . "
~d~ ff'flf'(tt'{j lhi~i!lcwe.Thefollowing I~el
(,st 0 1 t i moV\ t 'S Iha t have tW a l t wlth th
t1 is ea S C ! in th l ' i , \(reel1pld~: .,;~
." .
meaning of the text:
1> ~.lore than 70 AJDS vaccines have reachcd human trials. But only one
has made ir 10 adyanced tcStillg, and it has shown little sigo of being
cffectivc.
a) Ooly one AJDS vaccine has beco tested in humam.
b) Of Ihe 70 AJOS Vvrescareh will foeus on che possibilicy of t1nding a vaecine char
eould stimulatc che body to fighr off the disease.
e) The ncw research will focus on che possibilicy of finding a vaecine char
eould stimulace [he body's mucus linings to neutralize HIV.
4} Soum African scientists say that cven a lesser vaccine [har keeps me le,..ei
of the ,irus low in peopIe who become infected would be a help. Although
it would not neeessarily save theie lives. it (ould help lower the likelihood
mey pass the disease to omers, slowing me rapid transmission.
a) According to South African scientists, a vaceinc chac keeps [he level of the
virus low would be useful to s10w clown lransmission.
b) 50mh AfriCdnscicntisls bdieve that a vaccine char kceps the leve! of [he
virus low would 5.1\'C rhe lives of infected patients.
e} 50mh African scicntiscs sa? t,hac infeered people will likely pass che disease
to ochers if chey don't know they are infecled.
(~:":(' :( :(' :l i{q:1
:A3}I IUMSNY
0,' I ~E COA U D IO A R T lC L E&M O R E E X E R C IS E S
: Philadelphia: Angels in Amerita
: An ear1v frost _
:: The living end t: ~.
::And lhe bond played on>l' "
::Boys on lhe side " ~ < \.::Gia
::Common threads, slories fron
l lhe qulll .,:: lo'ngtime companion ",., .:: Safe
::To"g5 united: : Our sons
A H E W H U P E
The idea lar that theory comes from a
group 01 prostitutes in Alriea who:
despite regularly having unproteeted
sexwith HIV-positive men, have never
become positive lor the virus themsel-
ves. Seientists, ineluding' Hay,es,
believe something in their mueus
linings may neutralize the virus, keep
it lrom entering the bloodstream or
allow them to light ofl" inleetion.
Researeherswarn that linding sueh a
vaeeine will take time, even with a
eooperative eflOrl.
"The vaeeine will not be a 'Eureka!"8
moment. It will be a very slow pro-
eess. Williamson said.
SJuth Alr;ean scientists say that even
a lesser vaeeine that keeps the level 01
the virus low in people who beeome
inleeted would be a help. Although it
would not necessarily save their lives,
it could help lower the Iikelihood they
passthe disease to others, slowing the
rapid transmission. AE
17flght off: ro driv(' away or resist an
2uacker 118 Eurekaf: (exclamadon) a cry of
jO)' or satisfaction when ooe llnds or disco\'C'rs
somC'thing
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Carolina He"era blue silk aepe strapless cocktail
dress, $2,990, retaillocations at
www.carolinaheera.com. Stella McCartney fuchsia
silk pumps, $S95, Neiman Marcus.
LEVELS: INTERMEDIATE I UPPER INTERMEDIATE
r .
A1.xander M cQueen silk
taffeta strapless balloon
gown, $4,465,
www.alexandennequeen.eom
lo. retaillocations.Miu Miu suede4 pumps5,
$450, BameY' New York.
1 f. II I. : a c los d y wov~n.sJighdy ribbe d s.iJk,conon , 01rayon fabric 12 tull. : of a ,h in nmed. ofttn s t if fcned. s ilk , nylon, 01rayon &bric..
used in ballet costumes, I:Vcning dresses. "dls, etc. I ; ) s m (s) : m e l ine aloog which pieces of doth Of Jeamer are joined by sewing I 4suede: leathc:r with the f le s h s id c tu rned outward and rubbed up te muea vdvety nap I 5 pump(s}: a typc of plain mee wim a raised
heel and no fastenings whkh is worn b y W ';)rn c n
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, A CTUAL ENGL SH LEVELS: INTERMEDIATE I UPPER-INTERMEDIATE 21
Champagne
@2007MCT
P r o d u c t io n m e th o dAlter primary
fermenlalion andbottling, a second
alcoholic
fermenlalion occurs
in lhe botlle; induced
v:5= by adding yeasl and~ < rock sugar
~ Grape types,J$~" a llowed: Pinol noir ,
i! .- Pinol meunier,
Chardonnay
Graspcork and
cage firmlywilh one hand,turn lhe boltleilself by holding il
al lhe base wilhother hand
Glass Tulip-shaped, space for bubbles, room for aromas
H o w t o o p e nRemove foil, undo
wire cage wilhoul
removing il
H i s t o r y17th century Sparkl ing wine invenled
18th century Champagne is sweel, l ike loday's
Demi-secs, used wilh desserls19th cenlury Bru l Champagne becomes a less sweelaperitif, useful for all meals
10 km--10 miles
Dom Perignon (1638-1715), French monk,
said to have invented sparkling wine.
Drink it chilled.
not iced
CHAMPAGNE
IM ain . ~i>'Reimsg ro w t h .~ . ~.'Ja rea 4:X"~~ River 0._.-~lQ)~Mame h~:tt ~ ,.
- . E p er n3 ):- . C j6 ~",~:;. ~ ~./
. ~'- : -
~
Source: champagne,com Graphic: Zi lha OJsen, Morten lyhne
1 sparkling wine: w i nc :
{har is m O lde e f f erv csccn t natu~
r . t l ly through a s c=cond (erme n -
u t ion i n (hc : bo rr le o r ar tificially
through che introduetion of
atbon dioxide I 2 yeast: a
t r p e o f f un b 'U S wh i ch is u s ed in
m a k i n g a lc o h ol ie d r i n k s su c h a s
b e = e r a n J w i n e , a n d r o r mak ing
bread ~wdla n d b e c om e l ig h t I
3 foil: a \'cryrhinsheet of
metal. especially used to wrap
food in to ~ep ir freshI 4grasp: 10 quickly take somc-
m i n g i n y o u e h a n d (s ) a n d h o t d
ir finnl)' I 5 c or k: a sh an
cy li ndrica l pi ecc= of cork, oc
sometimes plastic or ruhLx:r,
which is pur into che top uf a
b o rd e . e s p ed a ll y a w in e b or d e ,
[odo~i(
Champagne is a sparkling
wme produeed by indu-
cing the in-bottle secan-
daf'1 lermentallon 01 wine
to effect carbonation. It is
produced exclusively
within lhe Charnpagne
region of Franee,Iram
whlCh It takes its narne.
While lhe terrn "eharn-
pagne" is used by sornE
makers 01 sparklmg wine
in other parts 01 the
world, numerous eountres
limil he use 01 lhe terrr
te only those wmes that
came lrom lheCharnpagne appellation
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Foc more (han a decacle,
Vigilio de Souza Pereira
has earved his living our'
of rh e mick Amazon rain
forest around his ranch in nonhcrn
Brazil.
When Pereira needs more land foc his
crops and came. he cuts more virgin
jungle and sers me vegetation ablaze2.
When (he nutrienr-poor soil has beeo
depleted. he moves on and cues down
more jungle.
Such slash-and-burn agriculrure has
helped rh e 51-year-old Pereira aod
millions of orher arroces and
ranchers scrarch out a livingl fron
lhe foresto bUl ir has pUl Brazil al me
hearr of me environmemal ehallenge
of me cenrury.
Greenhouse gases
As vas! traces of rain foresr are
c1eared. Brazil has become rh e wotld's
foutth-Iargesl producer of rh e
greenhouse gases rhar cause global
warming, afree [he United States,
China and Indonesia, according to
che mase recene data froro che U.S.~
based World Resources Insdrute.
And while aboUl mree-quatters of me
greenhouse gases emitted around the
world come [rom power planes,
transportarion and industrial actiYiry.
more than 70 percent of Brazil's
emissions come [rom deforestadon.
Burning and cutting [he forest
rdeases hundreds of millions of tons
of carhon dioxide, memane and other
gases mal lhe vegetarion had ttapped.
Those gases collect in me atmosphere;
preve,;r hea, from escaping and hdp
raise the Earth's temperature.
VOCABULARY
c: - ~r'" t"". ... . 1" . , > - . " . '; i !- . . ~ , .
";:: .,': .~. ..- ".. . " .
~:'" . ;;"AI.r.e~dY.som'~f.armeis are cutting trees sel~~iv,ely ancl,s.elling~ ~-:.:':~,' 1 '
. o ''' . ' . ~ : : " : ~ ~.:l..the.wood as. "green" lumber !c0r!J1ult.ples~tt~~ prlce lll,.;..~':S-:~~;'" . . they'd'getfor iIIegal wood.' -..,',
. ~ 1
Keeping greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere has become crucial to saving
me planet from catastrophic climate change, scientists sayo However, stopping
the destruction of the vast Amazon rain forese means confronting the region's
lawlessness4 aod persuading Brazilians such a, Pereira 10 leave me foresl alone.
Some numbers
T h e 1.5-million-square-mile Brazilian Amazon. larger rhao rh e emire narion of
India, conrains more than 40 percenr of (he world's rain forests. and about a
fifth of ir already has disappeared. mosrly in ao "are of deforesrarion" along me
forest1s sou(hern and
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Bernacde5 tried switching ro sustainable forestry
io 199400 his 57,700-acre raoch oear Tailaodia
and even won certificacion from the
international Foces! Stewacdship Council,
meaniog he could export the wocd as higher
priced, fotest-frieodJy lumber.
AlI mat unt~uched land, howevec, proved too
great a temptarion, and armed loggers poured in
last year and devastated the property. Federal
officials said they'd visited me area and seized
illega! wood but couldn't stop th, loggers from
rerurning.
The business, which had employed about 300
people, aH but shU[ down. Today, [he ranch is
like much of me deforesred Amazon, an
apocalyptic landscape of charred1) vegetarionand tree stumps 14.
"We rried doing this me right way, bU[we
received no suppon at aU,u Bernardes said. "If
chis conrinues, 1 don't give the Amaron 50
more years."
The cons
The effects of me Amazon's combued
descfUccion could be especially severe in
southern Brazil, where much of che counrry's
agriculture, indumy and popuJadon are based.
Abour 40 percem of the precipication there
comes from moisrure evaporated off the rain
foresc's thick reee cover. Curting blck more of
me Amazon could mean scarving [he area of
water.
"The hydrodimatic cyde of the Anazon reaUy
depends on having foresc thece," said Thomas
Lovejoy, presiden< of the U.S.-basedH.John
Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and
the Environmenr. "It's all roUed into one big
picture, which in che end comes down ro 15
whac happens ro che forese."
Any plan ro crack clown on l'defcrestation,
however, depends on che government's abilic}' ro
enfocce irs laws, which farmers said is practically
nonexistem in much of me jungle. AE
VOCABlJLJ\R:t .... __
13 charred: slighdy or panly hume I 14 tree
stump(s): the base pan of a tree tha[ rcmains sr:mJing
after [he [rce has lleen fclleJ I 15 come(s) down to:
Odiomatic) ro depend upon, ba~Cllly, ultimardy or in
euence I 16crack down on: to enfor:c laws or pU:1ish
(somcthing) more vigilandy
Without going back to the articie, fill in the blanks
in the text below. Tip: the missing words are all
connected with environmental care
kvast traets of rain forest are a) ,
Brazil has beeome the world's fourth-Iargest produeer of
the b) gases that cause global
el , aher the United States, China
and Indonesia, aeeording to the most reeeOl data from
the U.S.-based World Resources Institute. And while
about three-quartors of me greenhouse gases
dI arollnd the world come from
power planrs, transporration and industrial activiry, more
than 70 pereeOl of Brazil's e) .
come from deforestation ..
Burning and clltting the foresr f) .
hundreds of millions of tons of c.1tbon
g) , methane and other
h) that the vegetation had
rrapped. Those gases 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the
atmosphere, prevent heat from eseaping and help raise
the Earth' s /l .
:uT\Jf:l.Jw~(f
~1Q:)(l
. . . (,~p!:rotp ti O
< " " l" ' ! lU ' I ( ~
-P;>lI!W~{p
llI'!L1lJ~"'" (J
:>mQ'lu=ll (q
p=:>p (~
:A3)llI;lMSNlf
25
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26
lB), Jimmie Dodd, Jody Mitori and Becky Sher
.j
.
phones.
elearly the world's most beloved animated
character, Mickey continues toward the century
mark just as he began his l i fe 80 years ago~. .'
fu I steam aread8. AE
. "over the year;, Mickey's appearance changed a' 1
bit: he gained some weight around the midale,
donned7 a pair of white gloves and grew more
angular. But his personality never changed from
the friendly mouse that Walt Disney first creat-
ed in the 1920s.
Today, Mickey has became the Intemational
symbol of the Disney Empire (the three-circle sil-
houette of his head is one of lhe most recog-
nized corporate symbols in the world). And his
image - the famous two-button pants, the big
yellow shoes - has graced every kind of mer-
chandise imaginable, from T-shirts to tele-
E T U R N S 80 T HIS Y E AR , B u r Y OU 'O N EV ER K N CW IT
by lookhg at him. M'Ckey tIIouse is still as
sprightly 1 as ever, wlth not even a laugh
linel to ;how his age. Mickey's come a long
w a y s i n c e h i s t J r n a s a d e c k h a n d3 In "5 t eam boat
Willie" in 1923. Back then, the Disney studio's
hopes were pEgged4 to the mischievous rodent.
They hoped he would bring the campany success
after the rights to Walt Dlsney's 'lrst successful
character, Osw31d the Lu,ky Rabbit, were sold to
anomer studio by its distributors. Walt sketched a
mouse - who looked an awful lot Ike his prede-
cessor, Oswald - and his wlfe, Lilly, christeneds the
mouse Mickey.
Mickey was a rit, and saon he had a band of bud-
dies with whom he got in:o all kinds of scrapes and
m esses6. (H e n e ve r o f fi Cl al ly m a rr ie d M in n ie
Mouse, but they're still the world's most famous
animated caup'e.) Accoraing ta Disney, more than
1 mili ion children jOlned the onglnal Mickey Mouse
Club between 1929 and 1932. And his fans ranged
from American children to famous names Ike Mary
Plck'ord, Franklin Del3no Roosevelt, Benito
Mussolini, thE Nizam of Hyderabad and King
Geo'ge V of England.
As animation techniques grew more sophisticated
VOCABULARY _ _ _ ,_ . '. ..
Mickey Mouse
1 sprightly: full of Jife and vigur, es.'ccially ....ith J ligh! and sprngy S!CP I 2 laugh l in e: a wtinkle jn the skin al he OIlter comer uf your C)'cs.; "
1 3 d eck ha nd : a m cm bc r u f d, ship'so:rcw pcrfinming deaning Ot manual wnrk 14 pegged: auache-l [(1I S ehristen(ed): to gi"e a nam(' ro
somclhing or sOlllcbody. '...irll ur wirhollt an ;\o.:(;omp.ln)'ing C
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1. HSteamboat Willie" (1928)
2. HMickey's Choo-ChooH (1929)
3. HTheMad DoctorH (1933)
4. HThe PointerH (1939)
5. "The Simple Things" (1953)
6. HRunaway BrainH (1995)
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30
A group of Palestinian students on a field trip leaving the Dome of the Rock.
chrch in Chrisrianiry ro [he mast revered sire in Judasm, [he
Western Wall.
It was a sunny Tuesday afternoon, and 1was in [he campany of guide
Gil Daleski, a native of Jerusalem. Before we could see rhe Wall, we
had to pass rhrough a meral detecror and a par down. Two guards
made a careful inventory of ro)' camera b ag o
The mount isfior a moumain: ir's a struc{Ure of massive stones built
around a small hill. In rhe Jewish r"dirion, rhar hill is Mounr Moriah,where Abraham was prepared [Osacrifice his son Isaac, DaJeski said.
On rop of (har box of stones was (he site of [he original Temple. the
most revered10landmark of rhe Jewish fairh. For sorne Jews, rhe
Temple marked rhe very place "ihere rhe world began and rhe very
place where ir will end.
An icon in the Russian Church of the Ascension
on the Mount of Olives, East Jerusalem.
The Temple was demolished by invaders more
rhan once; The Second Temple, builr by !Gng
Herod, was desrroyed by rhe Roman Empetor
TIrus, who replaced ir with a temple to'Jupiter.
Eventually. (har temple was [om clown, too.
Now rhe rop of rhe Temple Mounr is Occupied
by rhe Al-Aq,a Mosque and rhe Dome of rhe
Rack, signifiClnt Islamic holr sites.
The wall is ;ust rhar: a span of lighr-coloced
stone blocks thar cises nearly as high as a 10-
story building. The worship area is cordoned
off11 and divided mo men's and women's sides.
ISIAMIC IANOMARKS
The next morning, 1 rerraced 12 m)" sreps. To gel
to rhe most holy Islamic landmarks in Jerusalem,
a non-Muslim must remm lO m e Western Wall,
and pass mrough an even more rigoroos securirycheck to ger onto rhe plaza rha, is on rop of ir,
and Al-Masj:d Al.Aqsa, Arabic foc "The Far
Mosque,"
In me Islamic world, al-Aqsa is a very holy place,
rhird in importance behind Mecea and Medina.
Wby? Beeause a pivoral13 evenr in rhe !ife of rhe
propher Mohammed happened hece.
The Dome of rhe Rock and Al-Aqsa wete builr
in rhe lare 600s, he said, afrer Jecusalem was con-
10 revered: gready respecte
112 retrace(d): ro go b.tck over a pam. Olroute again I 13 plvotal: vitalIy imporwtt. especially in dc[(nnining me outcome, progress, or success of
someching 114 close to the surface: stiU existent, stiUprtsent
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31
(~:w ~(q:L.:!~"):(lI:s:t':t :(p:,: (J:'I: ~('l:1
:A;J)( H;JMSNV
a) A span nf lighr-colored MOlle l:Jocks [har rist:s nearly as high
:l') a 1O-story building. Somelim~ callni rhe Wailing ,('all, ir is
\'isired itl grear nurnllt:rs by Jews as a holy plan' litar commcm-
orares lheir ')orrows 1rom l'Jrlicsr rimes.
g) A hol)' place in rhe IsIamic wor~d, rhird in importance
behind Mecca and !'vIdina
8) The Old Tcm le
7) Dome of the ock
2) Thc Holy SCl'lIlchre
e) In lhe Jewish rradirion. wIH.:reAhr;lham was prepJred to sac-
ritlee his sor, Isa;l("
Holy Places:G 2ill!I1with their corresponding definitions.
b) A .~hrine in Jertlsalern ar rhe sire [mm which Mohamm(.'d
a,lCended through the ~eyen hcavens ro the rhwfH..'o r God: sup-poseoly builr on the ..jre of the Jewish 'lemple.
1) The Cardo
4) MOllnt Mori"h
3) Golgotha
5) AI-Aqsa Mosqllc
6) The Western \X':!1I
d) Thc hill (llItside .Icrusalem whert' Chrisrians br.:lit'\.c rhat
Jesus W;lS crucified
e) According ro lhe LClelis, a reJ11?It . thJ.f was loc:ued on dH:
sire whcn: rhe Dome of lhe Rock -.vasbu ilr
h) A popular shopping streer during Jerusalem '5 da)'s as a
Roman ourposr now, a popular spor for tourisrs :md visitors on
rhe approach ro rhe \Vesrern Wall.
f) In Chrisrianiry, rhe [Omb in which rhe bod)' of Jesus Chrisr
..\'as laid afrer rhe Crucifixion, bcnveen burial and rcsurrecriol1
O N T HE C D : A U DI O A R TIC LE & M OR E E X E RC IS E S
I~
~-J
J
.-~
quered by !v1uslm [orces and onl)' a few )'e~trs
arree dI(: prophct Mol13Jl1ll1ed's dcarh. Fo e more
than 1.300 yeaes (asidc [rom a ccmury when rhe
Crusaders c1aimcd rhe dry roc Europe). al~Aqsa
has hecll a centee of (he Islamic imdlcctua! anJ
spiritual world. he said. It still s .
The irueriors of bmh monumcnts are c1o.~cdto
non.lvtuslims. Because of ongoing conflicts
between Israclis and Palcstinians, hard fedings
are clase ro rhe surface 14,
"There was Ilorhing hefe when the lvluslims
carne," he said. "JUSt garbage 3nJ ruios. 1 1 1 C
IsraeIis 53Y rhe Dome of rhe Rack is bui lr on rhe
site of rhe old Temple. bU( no one k.nows where
rhar was, Jerusalem has been destroyed seven
times. No one knows,"
The nones of Jerusalem have been sanetifled in
prayer in nearly every language on E.'trrh, and ir's
eas)' ro forgcr rhar rhese rhree faid:s aH pra)' [Q
rhe same monorheisric God.
The hope foc rh e fmure lies in rec(Jgnizing rilar
rhose prayers have much in coroman. no matter
who is giving rhem voice. AE
The Cardo was a popular sh
street during Jerusalem's d~' a s a- j
Roman outpost; now t's a~~lar spot
for tourists and visitors on,approach to the Western# , . ; t t : r :afamily celebrating Passover
the ruins. . ,,'
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32 , ACTUAL ENGllSH lEVElS: INTERM EDIATE I UPPER-INTERM EDIATE
9:30 p .m.Bedlime
r J7:00 p.m. Prepare road bookand mount it on bike a8:00 p.m. Dinner (j~9:00 p.m. Briefing; colleclGPS code, check slarl lime
&:00 p.m. Checkbike and makerepairs il necessary
~Qo. Flnish
.g~5:00 p.m. Arrive atLiaison Time Control (bivouac);hand in card, recover road book lornexl day; liII up wilh luel; pitch tenland get ready for the next day
Speciat leg, timed, onor off road; establishes
standings
7:30 a.m. Arrive at LiaisonFinish Time Conlrol prior toSpecial start; check equipmentagain (also check road book)
11:40 a.m.Recover card andsel off again onthe Special leg
11:30 a.m.Arrive at fuelslop; hand in
card, gel fuel,eat and drink,
check bike
@ ) 8:30a.m.Recover card andbegin Special
Challenge leg
Liaison leg, normaUy ontarmac, time limited; only used
to reach specialleg
A typical day in the
Dakar Ral ly~
02007UCT
Source: Oakar Rally, organizaraGraphic: Julta Scheibe, Mor1en lyhne
Start
5:50 a.m. Head lo Start Tme
Control 10 minules early; turnon and check eleclronicequipmenl (such as GPS)
o &:00a.m. Pick upcard and beginliaison leg
G5:00 a.m. Wake-up ~call; pack tenl andbelongings
5:20 a.m. Breakfast; organizefood rations and water lor theday and stow them in jacket;check start time and position
in lield
_. VO CA BU_L ARY _ . _. _ _ - ~-_ .. --- -
1 liaison: a channcl of communi::atioll bctwec:n prople Of groups wha work ..th caen amer 12 leg:.1 particular sClgl: of a joumey. competidon
or aetivir:y I3 tarmac: (also 3.rr.lacadam: rrademark) black material uscd fOI building mads, which consists of ur mixcd wth small SIones 14stow: to pJ.cksOffit"thing Of pllt s(lOlcthing away 15 road book: apublicadon fOf road uscrs showing maps antl an indo: r o , a1 1me romes in an
. atea I hand in: te give 01 slIbmit somcthing to sornebody 17 set off: to cavc; 10 bt-gin a journey or rrip 18 flll up: to make something fUll
(espedallya gasolinc r:mk) 19 pitch (tent): to put up a [cm .lndfix ir into position 110 briefing: a mcccing hcld te providc informarlon aoout
lhe main f.1CtS of an i&'iUCor sitllati
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Music Review
~~(
"'..''~'. . .
Polly Harvey rakes her music clown a
1lC\"'- creative avenue. The album bre-
eles along a( a low-to-mid tempo
pac e, wir h rhe numb ers "Si lence" and
"TIe Piano" abouc as upbeatS as the
musie gcrs.
> Dolores O'Riordan, "Are You
Listening?": The former from woman
of [he lrish rock group, The
Cranberries serves up' a [exrurally
smooth effort on her firsr solo
album. Her deliciously [he' voice
and robus[ inS[rumenta[ion produce
a rr:e1odicpotency that almos( rises
to .:.melodramadc level, but nevcr
succumbs [Q ir.
H ere's a bricflook at sorne of
the orhcr notewonhy rdeases
from women anis(S ayer the
lasr 365 day'.
> Tori Amos, "American 0011 Posse":
The state America's current social
fabric, politicalleadership. war and
the impersonal nature of rhe digital
age converge [Oshapc (he rhemate
currems of chis album. Widi her rip-
pling] piano and distinctivc vocal
arrangemems. Amos delivers a salid
23-song playlisr worrhy of oft-repea-
red4 listening.
> P.). Harvey. "White Chalk": Sparse,
eanhy, and spirimally introspective,
Women returnto m usic lim eligh tA WAVE OF VIBRANT ROCK MUSIC SURGED FROM
WOMEN ARTISTS IN 2007.
1 ominous: suggcsting or indiColting mal somcthing bad is going to happcn or be ft'\'caled 1 2 slitting (her) wrists: making a long srraigh[ narrow
cut in (her) wrists. in olha \.', " O N s . arrempting suicide I ) rippling: moving with a gcncle lapping sound 14oft.-repeat~: (old wc or formal) often 15upbeat: (informal) (adj.) lUll qf oprimi;m or chcenulllCS5; (noun) an unaccellled bea[ or portion of a bear in a musical melSure 1 6 s er ve ( s) up: provi-
Je (usually bUI nO( nr:ces.uril) ' food) 17 lithe: young. hc:.ucllY.attraetive anJ ablc: tu !llove and hcnd gracduUl
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8 knob: (vulgar slang) ; 1 , man's pc'ni~19 rekindle(d): ro m'ive or renew somelhing such 'u a fa:lillg or inl~R'sI110 angst: ; l , profound fJinS of gene-
raJizcd anxiety or drn.d 111 cut the mustard: (idiomaric) 10 achieve the standard of pcrfomlance necessary ror success112 smudged: diny or nor
c1car:rubb
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36
acking. It's (he tast hurdle' becween you and
pu llin g out of me drive wa y. An d doing i, \Vell i,
(he difference bernreen a clean geraway:Z and a
Chevy Chase vacatian movic. These days, (hece's a
lO [ more [O jr [han JUSt nO( forgeuing an)'!hing. Srrongerairporr security measures have caused liS {O rethink3 Olany
aspects of rraveling. especially paoong. You muse be prepared
to unpack and rcpack befare gaiog to your gateo
It's a process we're al) seeking tO simplify. YOlle bese straregy
might jusr be the perfecdy packed bago
Lighten up
Weighr is a majar concern because Olan)' airlines naw charge a
(ee foc luggage char exceeds cerrain limies. Cochrane says [he
chaJlenge [oc manufacUlrers has be:n ro develop marerials char
are durable hue igheeT. so char rravelers can pU l more in eheie
bags. A popular choice? Ballistic n::lon.
Try expanding
Anorher facet of your bag is expandabiliry. \X'hile expandable
luWge isn't new, the rrend is moving to zipperless4 expansiono
Simply press aburran inside your bag and warch ir pop up,
much like a pop-up campers.
TIPS FROM A PROFESSIONALPat Shannon has traveled hundreds I)fthousands of
miles during 1 4 years as a flight attE:ndant for American
Eagle. and she strongl~' advises packing light for the
salce 01 you. back and rou' wallet She gets all 01 he,
needs in ane roll-on and one carry-m. -The thing to
remember is tilat no one you know is going to see
you," Shannon says.
Plan to wear outfits more than once, 50you d on't
have to paek as many clothes.
PaCKclothes made from Iightweght fabrks. such
as cotton, silk and linen.
(haose dothes in complementary colors tIlat layer
easil)', 50 YOUare com fortable at any temp erature.
Don't paek your coat or jacket wear it on the plane.
Get everything in one suitcase. Get
through security faster. Get there
looking better.
Put the squeeze on it
The compressor bag, aboYe, has several uses. Place bulky rerns,
like sweaters. inside and then roO me bag tO rdea.se me excess
air and save space. On rhe way horne, pue your dirry clorhes in
ir ro keep rhose from raking up as much room, as weJl. Ir can
also be used for \Alerrhings, like swimsuirs and towels from rhar
las, dip6 in ,he pool.
Without a wrinkleRolling rour clorhes is one of me rnost common!y suggesred
methods for avoiding wrinkles, mough Chris Luce, a buyer for
The Container Srore. says me real key is keeping clorhes frorn
moving around. Amy Fletcher, a packing demonsrrator for The
Container Sto re, also suggests alrernating collars7 and
wrapping panrs around shirrs to avoid crcasing!. Or you can
skip the folder and juS! place pants at ,he botrom of ,he bago
layer9 shirrs over thero, and fold the pants over rhe topo
Plastic makes perfedPut a1l of your loose personal ireros in a large zip.lock bag
before passi~g rhrough securiry. so that you can save time
instead of emprying )"our pockets and rhen collecting
everyrhing again. Do rhe: same with your personal dectronic
devices: put them in a cJear plastic envelope to keep them all
together. which also hdps ro prevem others froro accidental!y
picking up what's yours.
Resources
-7 Don't wanr to forger anyrhing, bU[ toO busy to make a
lisr? Ler someone clse do ir. Try The Universal Packing Ust
W'eb sire at upl.codeq.info. You'lI select rhe basic parameters
of your trip. and the ste will generare a packing listo
-7 If you want ro pack light, rry che tips at OneBag.com.
The site shows rou ho'iV to pack everyrhing you need in a
carry-on 10. AE
V O.CJ\!!l!LA!!! .. . ._ . _ ._ ._ . _
1 hurdle: an obstade: or difficulry 1 2 getaway: a shott vacation or brc I 3 rethink: [Othink about something again. csP'=dally using new
information or in arder to produce a b=tter resul[ I 4 zlpperless: wi[hoUI a zipper (a faslener for dOlhes, bags, or garmenu consisdng of nvo rows
of interlocking metal or plastic teelh w:th an :mached sliding tab putled to open or clase:the fastener) I5 pop~up eamper: a ponable dwdling (as
a speciaJly equipped trailer or autornorive vchicle) for use during casual trave! and camping I 6 dip: a b~ieffWim in water I7 collar(s): a band of
material around the neck of a shin or orber garmen!. dther uprigh[ or turned over I 8 creasing: the a:t o E producing wrinkles or folds 1 9 layer:
to arrange something in layen (levds (me 00top of [he other) I10 carry-on: a piece of luggage suita:.le for bdog arried aboard an airplane by :a
passenger
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I By Ke l ly Rmfrow
ln
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38
.
Actual En lishM.WS
M u lt ita sk inWork harder, play harder, and -wi[h a
boost 1 from che: latest technology-
squeeze2 31 hours of acdvity i m o a
24-hour day.
A srudy done for a cable-TV nerwork
concluded [har people can acrually add abour
SO peccent more activiry ro a t yp i ca l d a y o f 1 6
waking hours. Spend a half-hour Ii"ening (O
podeases while answering e~mail,and you've
crarnmed3 60 minutes of work imo 30.
Mulritasking4 is nmhing new, bu! during rhe
pasr decade, rechnology has helped speed i"
~preadrhroughour our l ives . The average year l )'
nerease in U,S. w~rkers' productiviry, fo c
example, has doubled from 1.5 percent during
rhe period 1987-1996 ro 3 percent from 1997
to 2006, according (O U.S. Labor Department
figures.
"There's been an enorrnous changc in (he
American economy," said Ed Reilly,chief
executive of ch e American Managcmem
Association, which helps everyone from
individuals [Qthe nation's biggest corporations
improve eheie performance.Bur even as rcchnology is letting workers
accomplish more in less time, ir is a150 exacting5
a price. People mal' be working and playing
harder and getting more done e
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I B y Chris Cobbs
-
,
lEVFl~ INTERMFDIi\H'llrr RI"H[RM[[lIATl _
gWORKERSLatest technology allows people to accomplish more in less time
VOC8RULAR'C ____ __ _ _ _ __
1 boost: som~thing ma r hdps ro improv( or strengmen sorntthing 12 squeeze: la manage ropUl somerhing moa remktcd space;ro Bod rime or
space fOI someth:ng in a busy schedule 13 aam(med): la fora= something ioto a spacc=mar is too smaU [O hold it comforubly 14 multitasking:
[he simultaneous mana~ment of rwo or more tasks by a computcr or a person I5 exad(ing): demand and obtain (something) from someonc 16overwhelmed: mOlde powerle:ss bytoo much of $Omcming (in mi s case. too much work) 17brewed: (0aninfusion) prcpareJ 18 tumble(ing):
ro fall suddenly and hdplessly 19 And on it goes: And che lisr oominue:s as follows: 110 downtime: 1period of rehxation berween pcriods of
work 111 yank(ed): to remoye somethirtg suddenly and quiddy 112 vow(ing): to make a determincd decision or promisc ro do something 113
dillgent: careful and h.ud-working in a tzk or aetivhy 114 tether: a rape that is tied. to borh ananimal and a prnt. so that [he animal's movemenr
is rcsuicted to a small arca 115 coping skills: che methods a person uses to deal with stmsful sicuations 116 assembly line: meehanical systcm
in a faCtory whereby an anide is conv~.ed through sires : ; 1 . [ which successive operations att pcrformed on ir
.
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Do you have any doubrs abour English? Oon'r worry, rhissection is whar you've been waiting for! Jusr drop us your
quesrions ro [email protected].
Reade S ' QUESTIONSWhat is the difference between 'expect' and 'hope'?Can I use them to express the same idea?
This is an interesting tapie to diseuss,
espeeially if we add the verb 'wair to
the group. So, let's compare the
Cleanings of 'expect', 'nope' and
'wai!' and the struetures in whieh they
usually oecur.
DIFFERENCE OF MEANING
1)expeet and hope
Expecting is mental rather than
emotional. ~ 1expect something to
happen I have a good reason to tlink
it INill in fact happen. Hoping is more
emotional. If 1hope far something lo
happen, 1would Iike it to happen. but
I do not know whether it will. Pleasecompare:
-She is expecting a baby. (She is
pregnant)
-She is hoping it will be a girl.
-I'm expecting John to phone. (He
said he would phone)
-1hope he has passed the exam.
2) expect and wait
One waits when somebody or
something is late, when one is early
for something, ar when one wants
time to pass50 that something will
happen. Pleasecompare:
-I'm expecting a phone eall from
Peterat two o'doek.
(NOT I 'm waiting far a phone eall
from Peter at two o'doek.)-1hope he rings on time. 1don't like
wait ing for people to phone.
(NOT I don't like expecting people to
phone)
-1expected Julia at 8, but she didn't
turn up.
-1waited far her until 9, and then I
le '1 .
DIFFERENCE DF STRUCTURE
a) Direct object: Befare a direct object,
'hope' and 'wait' need the preposition
'for':
~'vVe'reexpecting rain soon
-We're hopping for a lot of rain
.We've been waiting for rain far two
rTronths .
b) Infinitive: AII three verbs can be
used with 'to infinitive'
- We expect to spend the summer in
Italy.
-\lVehope to see Marco in Italy.
-But we are stil l wait ing to hear from
him.
e) Object + infinitive
- I expect John to arrive about ten.
- We're hoping for h im to come up
with new ideas.
- I cm sti ll wait ing for h im to pay
me back that money.
d) That Clause: 'expect' and 'hope'
can be followed by that-dauses.
- I expect (that) she'lI be here soon.
1hope (that) 1'11recognise her.
(NOT I'm waiting that she arrives)
e) Expect something of somebody:
This structure refers to people'sfeelings about how other people
ought to behave.
My parents expected too much of
me when 1was a child.
Far further reading material on this
and other grammar topies, check
Mi,haeISwan, Practical English Usage
orany goOO grammar book
recommended by your teache,
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. .,." .
,
t h a t t e a e h l e s s o n s
, , f"
rhe persoll " I /n is m ( /JJroe 01 a p la(e ISIl o r rhe r Jnd rhe
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4 4
I by Jam es Joyee
a IonACT II,\1","1 ti". "IayThe ancien! Greeks Idl lhe
Jegend of lhe culplor Pygmalion.
who creatcd a stalUC of a woman
of sueh beauty m ,u he fdl in love
""ilb his own creadOR. Then.
Aphroditc. taking pity on this
man whose lo.e oould nOI reach
beyond lhe barriee of stone.
bro ug ht me suroe lO Ufe and
ga'\'!:her to Pygmalion as bis
bridc. Centuries Iatcr, George
Bcm;ro Sha.caplUred the magic
of mis legcnd in his celchratedplay . Je tell s me sto rr of Ucm ry
Higgins, a profcssor of phonctics.
who makcs a be! wilb his fricnd
Colone! Pickcring thal he can
succcssfuJly pus off a Cockney
flowcr girl lhey jusI met in
Covcnl Gardcn, E l i z .a Doolinle.
as a ceRned sodcty lady by
teaching her haw to spuk wim
an uppee class acccm and
training her in etiquettc. In me
procw, Higgins aud DooJinJc
grow dose, bUIas me rotuio
faUs. me awaited happy endiog
vanishes away..
EXT DAYAT 11 A.M. HIGGINS'S
laboratory in Wimpole SUtet,
It is a room on the llrs[ finar,
looking on [he mect, and was
meant ror Ihe drawing-room.
The double doors are in the
middle of the back hall; and
persons entering nnd in the
corner to their right rwo tall file C1binels at righl
angles [Qone another against me walls. In Ihis cor.
nc:r s[ands a fiat writing-uble. on which an: a
phonograph, a Iaf)'nrope 1.a row of tiny organ
pi>eSwith a beUows , a set of larop chimneys for
singing Aames with burnees anached [ O . 1.gas plug
in [he wall by an indiarubber tube. severa! mning.
forks of different si:zes, a Iife.size image of half a
human head, sho..ing in section the vocal oegaos.
ar.d a box containing a supply of wax cylinders for
the phonograp:t.
Fllrther down the room. on the same side, is a I1re-
place, with a comfortable leamer-coyered easy.
d..air ae the side of the heanh3 nearest the door,
ar.d a coal.scunle4. There is a dock on the mantel.
picce, Berween the fireplace and the phonograph
rabie is a stand for newspapers.
On the other side of the central doot, tOthe len of
!he visitar, is a cabinet of shallow drawers. 00 ir is
a [e1ephone and me tdephone directaty. The cor-
ner beyond, and mase of che side wall. is occupied
by a grand piano, with the keyboard at [he end fur.
mest from me door. and a bench for the player
e)lending chef u U lengrh of the keyboard. 00 thepiano is a dessert dish heaped \\;th fruit and sweets.
rr.ostly chocolates.
The middle of the room is dear. Besides [he ea5)'
cbair. me piano b ench, and rwo chairs al me
phonograph rabie. rhere is one stray chair. Ir
stlOds near the fireplace. On the walls. engrav-
ir.gs5; mostly Piraoesis and mezw(int6 pomaits.
1\0 paimings.
P.ckering is sC4ted at the table, putting down some
C1rds and a mnng-fork which he has been using.
Higgins is moding up nar him. dosing [WO or three
me drawers .hich a~ hanging out. He appears in Ihe
moming ligb as a robust, vital, appetiting son of man
offony or lhereabouts7, dressecl in a professional.look.
ing black frock-coa[ with a white linen collar and black
silk tie. He ii of (he energetic, .sciemific rype. heartily,
even violently imerested in everything that can be srud-
ied as a .scienlifk subject. and careless about himself
and olher prople. induding rheir feelings. He is. io
facr, but for his years and siz.e. rarner Iike a vety
imperuous bby "ralcing noticeS" eagerly and loudly.
and requiri~ almos[ as much watching (O keep him
out of wtinlended mi.schief. His manner mes from
genial bullybg when
he is in a goxi humor lO s(ormy perulance when any-
ming goes rong; but he is so emirely frank and void
of malice m;( he n-mains likcable even in his least rea-
sonable moneots.
HIGGINS [as he shUlS
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46
MRS. PEAReE [hesitating.. ~idcntl}" per-
ple xed] A young ,""am an wa nu to Stt YOll,sir.
HIGGINS. A )'oung waman! What does she
wanr:
MRS, PEARCE. Well. sir, she 13.ysyou'll be
gl:td ro see her when )'OU know whar she's
come abollt. She's quite a common girl. sir.
Very common ind~. 1should have sem her
;;.way.onl)' 1 thought perhaps you wanr:d herto talk ioto youe machines. 1 hope I've nO(
done wrong: but really you s such qur
prople somdmes- you'lI excuse me, I'm
suee, sir-
HIGGINS. Oh, rhar's all right, Mes. Pearce.
Has she an interesting accrnt?
MRS. PEARCE. Oh, something dreadiitl. sir,
really. I don't know haw you can rake an
merest in it.
HIGGINS [lO Pickering) Lds have ~.er up.
Show her up, Mes. Pearce [he rushes across ro
his working rabie and picks Out a cylinder to
use on (he phonograph].
~lRS. PEARCE [only hall resign,d 10il] V,')'
wdl, sir. Ir's foc you ro sayo [She goes down.
staits).
HICGINS. This is r.uher a bit of lude. 1'11
~how you how I make re::ords. \'(fe'JI ,er her
talking; and I'U take ir down firse in Bdl's vis-
ible Speech; rhen in broad Rumie; and then
.e'l1 get her on the phonograph so tbt you
can rum her on as ofteo as you like ..hh the
wriuen transcript before you.
MRS. PEARCE [rcrurning] This is the young
woman, sir.
11,c flower girl emers in stare. She h:ti a hat
wirh mree osuich 1O feaehers, orang=, sky-
bluc, and red. She has a ncarly clean apron,
and rhe shoddy 11 coat has beco tidied J. linlc.
Thc parhos 12 of [his deplorable figure, wieh
its onocent vanit)' and coos
ir] Wh)', thi, is ehe gir! I jacte
night. Shc's no use: I've gor aH the l'C'cords1
want of the Lisson Grove Iingo; aod I'm nor
goiog to waste 30mher c)'linder on it. [To the
girl] Be off with )'ou: 1 don't wam )'Oll.
THE FLO WER GIRL. Don't you b e s o
saucy 16. You ain't heard whar I come fOf yet.
(To ~irs. Peara=, who i.swailing at the door
for funher instruction) Oid you tell him 1
come in a taxi~
MRS. PEARCE. Nonsense, girl! what do )'ou
rhink a gentl
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P1CKERlNG. How so?
HIGGINS. Figure it ClIIt. A millionaire ha~ J.bolH IS O pounds : J day.
She carm about half-a_crnwn23.
LIZA [hallgluHy24] Who mld you I 001;-
HIGGINS lconriouing] She offers me (\O,'o-fifthsof hcr da)"s income
for a Iesson. p,\l0-l1fth5 of a millionairc'5 income fin a da)' wOllld be
wm~.here about 60poun(k I['s handsome. B y George, it's enormousl!t's rhe biggest otTer 1 ever hado
I.lZA [rising, terrified] Sixt)' pound.s! \'l;'1m an )'Oll ralking about? IIle..er offered )'ou sixty pmmds. \Vhere "ould I gcr
HIGGINS. Hold Y(lur fOngue,
UZA [weeping] Bur 1ain't gor 5ll:rypowlds. Oh--
MRS. PE.
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f l ' E EThe Matrix series continues to capture the imagination
1 . ,
I . ..with the description 01 the charaers
E~
"~'" ' "' "ite
' " eJj.2zM
,l' ; - o' "N5 1z
~. . .
o.;' "V i'" ow~~z'"
TRINITY is the f :rst mate 01 the Nebuchadnezzar. Her relat ionship with Neo represents the power of love.She provides hir ; w ith strength, and their bond' motvates him to do extracrdinary th ings. Because of
the prophecy she received fTcm the Grade, she has complete faith in Morpheus and Neo.
NIOBE represents the strength behind the humans' rehel lion against the machines. While she lef tMorpheus becalJse his ques! far The O ne became too overwhelming2, she begins to real ize she 5t i ll has
feelings far him and volunteers her crew to back up the Nehuchadnezzar.
NEO, whose name means "new" and s an anagram for "one," represents "'Io p e lo the rebels. They
hope he wi ll ful fi ll the prophecy and the machines wiH be dest reyed. Nee has gained extraordinary abil i-
t les whi le ins ide the Matr ix, and perhaps f inally believes he is The One. He is an anomaly.
AGENT SMITH represents the machines ' hatred3 fer humans. But beca use his code mixes with Neo's at
the end of "The Matr ix, " he becomes an anomaly himsel f. With his abil ity t :> mul tip ly himsel f and take
over4 humans not in the Matr ix, he Is an extreme threat to the rebels .
MORPHEUS, captain of the Nebuchadnezzar, is a leader for the rebel humam. His undying5 fai th that Neo
is The One, wh~e at t imes consuming6, has brought him respeet among the rebels . He represents their
falth. He is the f irst person 10 te l l Neo the t ruth abol. .! the Matr ix and recruits him to f ight for the rebels .
. ..M atch the quotes below with the appropr ia te character f rom1first two "M atrix" movies. ~
IV\'"hO SAj)
10 ~Neversend a numan to do a machine's joboW2. "Hope: Ir is [he quintessentia' human delusion7, simultaneous ly the source of your greatest strengh, and your greatest weakress."
3" "'Dodge. th is ."4. "1 know you're out there. I can feel you nOIV.1know that you 're afraid. You're afraid of u s. You're afraid of change.~
So "'You take rhe blue pHIand the story ends. 'l 'ou wake in your bed and you believe whatever you W(:ntto believe.V ou take the red pill
and you stay in wanderland. and I show you how deep the rabbit hale goes."
6. "1 envy you. But such a thing is not m eanl to last."
7. "I t seems that every t ime we meet. I have nothing but bad neW$.W
8. "You do not truly know someone until you f ight mem ."
9. " 'Mark my words boy - mal them well. I have survived your predecessorsand I wil l survive you:
10. "A little piece of advice. '1'00 see an agent, you do what we do. Run.~
J, e
~
1.~.
< 5~~;j'
1 bond: ;l force oc feding (hu unites rror1c in a relationship I2 overwhelming: having such a great effea as ro be cmotionall)' !1'ovcrpowering (impo,'isible ro rcsist oc control: 13 hatred: a fccling ofintcnse honility rowards somebody oc someming 14 take over:
10 obrain or a.\sume control of somerhing. oc gaio contmJ of somcthing from somebody cisc I5 undying: describes an emorion [har
ddoC".>n~f di:ninish .bm cominues.forevC'f.'6 consuming: so inrense as ro cake up all of somebody's mencion, time. and cnergyI7elus.lon. a pCfmlenr falsc I::dJ('fheld In (he facc of strong conrradiclorv evidena- 18 dodge" 'c ld d dd I'd ... -/ o romovC'qUl yan su enytoone
SI e ro aVOld Ix-mg caught oc ha by mmC'body o c somerhing oc ro avoid doing something r~rded as unpleasam
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PLU S . ..
Bl o l u .l : Do you know wha l do hydr ogen , 1311gr ass , sugar cane and
p ig m an u re h av e in c o m m o n ? S C ien t i s t s a re g e t t i n g b io fu e l f ram th em
to m ak e o i ! in d ep en d en c e p o s s ib le . B u y in g y o u r I i rs l h o u s e : O f c o u rs e ,
i t s n ' t a s eas y as p i c k in g u p g ro c e r ie s a l th e c o m e r s to re . In fa c i ,
p u rc h as in g a h o m e c an b e in t im id a t i n g , e s p ec ia l t y l a r a f im l - t im e
b u y e r. S o , h e re y o u h a v e g u id a n c e f o r f ir sH m e b u y e rs . G a d g e ls :
M a p , h il lh e r o ad : G P S n a v ig . ll on s y st e m s m a y b e t h e ho n e s l
i nnova ti on i n l he au l o i ndusl ry . A g l oba l. pos il ion i ng -sys tem dev i ce i s
p r ac ti ca ! and ~ p r ov ides a de f in i ti ve answer l o l he ag o l d ques t i ons :
' A re w e l o sl 7 " D o w e lu m h e re 7 " A re w e lh e re y e t 7
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