HEADER TEXTUNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
Water & Energy Sustainable Technology Center
Biomass Bioaugmentation in a Single-Stage Nitritation-Anammox Reactor for
Mainstream Deammonification
Partners Funding
Jim Field1, Jeff Prevatt2, Guangbin Li1 and Reyes Sierra1
Award#1705671
1, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona2, Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department (PCRWRD)
HEADER TEXTUNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
Water & Energy Sustainable Technology CenterThe N Cycle
NH4+N2
NO2-
NO3-
Org-Nmineralizationas
sim
ilatio
nO2
O2e-
e-
N-fixation
nitrification-denitrification
Conventional Nutrient N Removal Costs
Nitrification:
Denitrification:
NO3- + 5 e- eq → 0.5 N2
64 g O2 / mol N
40 g COD/ mol N
AOB
NOB
HEADER TEXTUNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
Water & Energy Sustainable Technology CenterThe Missing Link In The N Cycle
NH4+N2
NO2-
NO3-
Org-N
Anammox
mineralizationas
sim
ilatio
nO2
O2e-
e-
N-fixation
Anammox
Discovered in Late 1980’s in The Netherlands
Simplified Stoichiometry
N2NH4+ NO2-ammonia nitrate dinitrogen gas
+
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation
Year1995 2015
Full
scal
e in
stal
latio
n
Scie
ntifi
c pu
blic
atio
ns
120 1,400
Lackner et al., 2014
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Water & Energy Sustainable Technology CenterCosts and Savings of Anammox
Anammox Reaction (Detailed Stoichiometry)
NH4+
(100% N)
57% flow
43% flow
57% less O2
no O2 needed for anammox
NitritationAnammox
N2 89% NNO3
- 11% NAOB
NO2-
no COD needed for anammox
Anammox is combined with AOB as a technology
O2 No COD
HEADER TEXTUNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
Water & Energy Sustainable Technology CenterMoving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
Wastewater
Treated Effluent
Aeration Mixer
MediaANAM
MOX
AOB
NO2-
NH4+
DO
NO2-
NH4+
N2
The ANITA Mox is based on developing an Anammox biofilm on a plastic carrier material in a Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
A variant of the ANITA Mox process is to integrate suspended activated sludge (A/S) biomass in the process to help catalyze the PN by AOB. (IFAS)
Vol. 145 L
HEADER TEXTUNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
Water & Energy Sustainable Technology CenterMBBR Control and Operational Strategy
Upper limit
Lower limit
pH-DO Control strategyAOB consume ALK vs. Anammox generate ALK
Low DO for AOB & High DO for NOB
Air
pH
Phase Purpose Influent Ammonium-NI Startup (unstable influent quatity) Centrate 300-1600 ppmII Sidestream I: MBBR Centrate 1000 ppmIII Sidestream II: MBBR and IFAS Centrate 1000 ppmIV Mainstream: MBBR and IFAS Mainstream 40 ppm
Operational Plan
pH: upper limit = 7.2 and lower limit = 6.6
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Water & Energy Sustainable Technology CenterMBBR Performance
Influent pH = 7.5 Temp. 86 F (30 degree C) Current Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR): 1.0 g N/L reactor/day
HEADER TEXTUNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
Water & Energy Sustainable Technology CenterUpflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
The UASB is based on Anammox biomass forming compact granular sludge with high specific activity.
Slud
ge B
ed
AOB: Ammonium oxidizing bacteriaAOB: Ammonium oxidizing archaea
Treated Effluent
Centrate/Mainstream WW Aeration
Reci
rcul
atio
n
Three-phase separator
AirN2Granule
Vol. 65 L
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Water & Energy Sustainable Technology CenterUASB Control and Operational Strategy
Phase Purpose Influent Ammonium-N Nitrite-N Total-NI Startup Synthetic 80-200 ppm 90-225 ppm 170-425 ppmII Sidestream I: Anammox Synthetic 200-480 ppm 225-540 ppm 425-1000 ppmIII Sidestream II: PN/A Synthetic 1000 ppm 0 ppm 1000 ppmIV Sidestream III: PN/A Centrate 1000 ppm 0 ppm 1000 ppmV Mainstream: PN/A Mainstream 40 ppm 0 ppm 40 ppm
Operational Plan
Control strategy in Anammox Stage
pH vs. Anammox Activity pH vs. Anammox Growth
Effect of pH on the anammox activity of a granular enrichment culture (●) and a suspended enrichment culture (○)
Nor
mal
ized
Anam
mox
Act
ivity
(NAA
, %)
Effect of pH on the anammox growth rateHEPES: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
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Water & Energy Sustainable Technology CenterUASB Performance
Influent pH = 7.7Temp. 86 F (30 degree C)HRT = 0.25 daySRT = 230 dayALK = 800 mg/L as CaCO3Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR)
NLRv = 2.8 g N/L reactor/dayNLR = 0.5 g N/g VSS/day
DO interruption (> 6 mg/L)
Loading Shock (TN > 2000 mg/L)
pH interruption (> 8.0)
Performance Interruption
Other Operational ParametersUASB
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Water & Energy Sustainable Technology Center
PARTNERS FUNDING
Collaborative Research: WERF: GOALI (##1705674)
AcknowledgementProf. Jim Field Jeff Prevatt Prof. Reyes Sierra
Prof. Mark Krzmarzick Steve King Jack ParkerJeffrey Bliznick Mallory Rae McMurray Joleen Maile Iwako Liftee Shiroma
Jesus Alejandra Fraijo Arce Jacob Smutzer
