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Human Anatomy & PhysiologySEVENTH EDITION
Elaine N. MariebKatja Hoehn
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, Bluegrass Technical and Community College
C H
A P
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6Bones and Skeletal Tissues
P A R T A
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Bones and Cartilages of the Human Body
Figure 6.1
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Classification of Bones Axial skeleton – bones of the
___________________, ___________________, and ___________________
Appendicular skeleton – bones of the upper and lower ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________
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Classification of Bones: By Shape ________________bone
s – longer than they are wide
Example: _________________ __________________ __________________
Figure 6.2a
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Classification of Bones: By Shape
________________
bones Cube-shaped bones _________________ __________________ __________________
Figure 6.2b
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Classification of Bones: By Shape _______________ bones
– thin, flattened, and a bit curved
_________________ __________________ __________________
Figure 6.2c
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Classification of Bones: By Shape _______________bones –
bones with complicated shapes
_________________ __________________ __________________
Figure 6.2d
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Function of Bones Support – form the framework that
____________________ the body and ____________________ soft organs
Protection – provide a protective case for the ____________________, ____________________, ____________________
Movement – provide ____________________ for muscles
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Function of Bones Mineral storage – ____________________ for
minerals, especially ____________________ and ____________________
Blood cell formation – ____________________ occurs within the ____________________ cavities of bones
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Bone Textures Compact bone – dense ____________________
that looks smooth and solid to the naked eye Spongy bone – ____________________which
looks like a honeycomb of small pieces –____________________
Spaces between trabeculae filled with ____________________
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Structure of Long Bone
Figure 6.3a
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Structure of Long Bone
Diaphysis: Tubular shaft that forms the axis of long bones Composed of ____________________ bone that
surrounds the ____________________ (marrow) cavity- contains yellow bone marrow (fat)
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Structure of Long Bone Epiphyses:
Expanded ends of long bones Exterior- ____________________ bone Interior- ____________________ bone Joint surface is covered with
____________________ (hyaline) cartilage Epiphyseal line separates the diaphysis from the
epiphyses
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Structure of Long Bone
Figure 6.3
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Structure of Long Bone
Figure 6.3b
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Structure of Long Bone
Figure 6.3c
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Bone Membranes ____________________– double-layered protective
membrane on external surface of bone Outer fibrous layer - dense regular
____________________ tissue Inner layer- ____________________(“bone-making”)
and ____________________ (“bone-breaking”) Richly supplied with ____________________,
____________________, and lymphatic vessels, that enter the bone via nutrient foramina
Secured to underlying bone by Sharpey’s fibers
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Bone Membranes ____________________ – delicate membrane
covering internal surfaces of bone
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Structure of Short, Irregular, and Flat Bones Thin plates of _____________________________
compact bone on the outside ____________________ bone (diploë) on the
inside Have no ____________________ or
____________________ Contain bone marrow between the
____________________
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Structure of a Flat Bone
Figure 6.4
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Location of Hematopoietic Tissue (Red Marrow) In infants
Found in the medullary cavity and all areas of ____________________ bone
In adults Found in the diploë of flat bones, and the head of
the ________________________________ and _____________________________________
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Microscopic Structure of Bone: Compact Bone Haversian system (osteon) – the structural unit of
compact bone ___________________________________ –
weight-bearing, column-like matrix tubes composed mainly of collagen
_______________________________________, or central canal – central channel containing blood vessels and nerves
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Microscopic Structure of Bone: Compact Bone ____________________ – mature bone cells ____________________ – small cavities in bone
that contain osteocytes
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Microscopic Structure of Bone: Compact Bone
Figure 6.6a, b
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Microscopic Structure of Bone: Compact Bone
Figure 6.6a
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Microscopic Structure of Bone: Compact Bone
Figure 6.6b
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Microscopic Structure of Bone: Compact Bone
Figure 6.6c
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Chemical Composition of Bone: Organic ____________________– bone-forming cells ____________________ – mature bone cells ____________________ – large cells that resorb
or break down bone matrix ____________________ – ground substance and
collagen fibers
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Chemical Composition of Bone: Inorganic Mineral salts
Sixty-five percent of bone by mass Mainly calcium phosphates Responsible for bone ____________________ and
its resistance to ____________________
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Bone Development ____________________ __________________ And ____________________________________
– the process of bone tissue formation, which leads to:
The formation of the bony skeleton in embryos Bone growth until early adulthood Bone thickness, remodeling, and repair
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Formation of the Bony Skeleton Begins at week 8 of embryo development _____________________________ ossification –
bone develops from a fibrous membrane ____________________ _________ossification –
bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage
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Intramembranous Ossification Formation of most of the flat bones of the skull and
the clavicles Fibrous connective tissue membranes are formed
by ____________________ _____________cells