By: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NY
*Immigration info. added by Mr. Swearngin
By: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NY
*Immigration info. added by Mr. Swearngin
Characteristics of Urbanization
During the Gilded Age1. Megalopolis.2. Mass Transit.3. Magnet for economic and social
opportunities.4. Pronounced class distinctions.
- Inner & outer core5. New frontier of opportunity for
women.6. Squalid living conditions for many.7. Political machines.8. Ethnic neighborhoods.
NewArchitectural
Style
NewUse ofSpace
NewClass
Diversity
New Energy
New Culture(“Melting Pot”)
New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism”
New Levels of Crime,
Violence, & Corruption
Make a NewStart
NewSymbols ofChange &Progress
The City as a New “Frontier?”
Louis Sullivan 1856 – 1924
The ChicagoSchool ofArchitecture
Form followsfunction!
Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott
Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899
D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept.
Store, 1902
Frank Lloyd Wright 1869 – 1959
“Prairie House”School of Architecture
“OrganicArchitecture”
Function follows form!
Frank Lloyd Wright:“Falling Waters”, 1936
Frank Lloyd Wright:Guggenheim Museum, NYC -
1959
New York City Architectural Style:1870s-1910s
1. The style was less innovative thanin Chicago.
2. NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago.
3. Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC their bldgs. became “logos” for their companies.
4. NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago.
Woolworth
Bldg.
NYC - 1911
FlatironBuilding
NYC – 1902
D. H. Burnha
m
Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)
Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900
Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900
• Population of Americans living in cities grew from 10 million in 1870 to 54 million in 1920
• Half of all Missourians lived in cities by 1920
• St. Louis was one of the largest cities in the country with over a ½ million residents
• U.S. Population prediction for 2020…
334 Million!
“Dumbell “ Tenement
“Dumbell “ Tenement, NYC
Jacob Riis:
How the
Other Half Lived(1890)
Tenement Slum Living
Lodgers Huddled Together
Tenement Slum Living
The New Immigrants• 2/3 of immigrants in 1880s came from Germany, England, Ireland, and Scandinavia• Between 1900 and 1909, 2/3 came from Italy, Austria-Hungary, & Russia• By 1910, many came from Mexico, Japan, and Caribbean nations
The New Immigrants
• Immigrants settled in ethnic neighborhoods
• Many became more diverse over time
• African- and Asian-Americans often forced into segregated neighborhoods, however
Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC
Hester Street – Jewish Section
The “Melting Pot” or the “Salad Bowl?”
• Immigrants usually identified with a village or county in home country…
• Now labeled as “Italian” or “Russian”
• America basically Protestant Christian before 1870
• Now a nation of Protestants, Catholics, Orthodox Christians, Jews, Buddhists, and Muslims
• Immigrants held onto traditions, but adapted to America
• Chinese cooks invented “chop suey” to use local ingredients
• American folk music integrated into immigrants’ traditions
• People mixed new (going to doctors) with old (carrying amulets to ward off evil spirits).
St. Patrick’s
Cathedral
1900Rosh
Hashanah
GreetingCard
Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”