CassavaasaSubsistenceandCommercial CropinEasternIndonesia
UniversityofBrawijayaTeam
Suhartini,WaniHadiUtomo,TitiekIslami,ErwinIsmuWisnubroto,FransiscaEshaAngela
ResearchcollaborationbetweenUniversityofBrawijaya,Balitkabi(ILETRI),ACIAR,CIAT,UniversityofQueensland
INTRODUCTION
• Cassavaisa rootcropcommonlyusedasafoodandasourceofstarchforvariousindustries
• Indonesiaisthirdlargestcassavaproducerbutalsoalargeimporterofstarch
• AmajorproblemishighcostoftransportationconsideringIndonesiaisalargearchipelagowith16,056islands
INDONESIA
INTRODUCTION
• Indonesiaisatropicalcountrywithregionaldifferences inlandconditions andenvironments
• Inthewest(e.g.,NorthSumatra) climateisequatorialwithhigherrainfall
• Intheeast(e.g.,NusaTenggaraTimur = NTT)climateismonsoonalwithwetanddryseasons
OBJECTIVE
• Theobjectivewastoanalyzetheroleofcassavaasasubsistenceandcommercial crop ontheislandofFlores ineasternIndonesia
RESEARCHMETHODS
• The studywasconductedinSikkaRegency,Flores,NTT,selectedtorepresentareaswherecassavaisamajorstaplefood
• Therewere 2surveys:– ValueChainSurvey, interviewinggroupsoffarmersinthreevillages,traders,andsmall-scaleprocessorsin2016
– HouseholdSurvey, interviewing114cassavafarmersselectedbysimplerandomsamplingandfieldobservationin2017
NumberofsurveyrespondentsSub-District Village No. Total %
Nitta Tebuk 2638 33.3Bloro 11
Lusitada 1Kangae Habi 18
60 52.6Tanaduen 19Namangkewa 1Langir 22
Koting KotingA 16 16 14.0
Total 114 100
RespondentsbyagegroupAgeGroup Number Percent
27-33 5 4.434-40 14 12.341-47 28 24.648-54 20 17.655-61 15 13.262-68 10 8.869-75 5 4.476-82 3 2.6Total 114 100.0
RESULTANDDISCUSSION
10
NumberofRespondents (basedongender)
Numberofrespondentsbasedongender
Status Number Percentage
Male 41 36%
Female 73 64%
Total 114 100%
RESULTSANDDISCUSSION
• Farmssizeissmall:average0.9ha• Cassavaisoneofthemaincrops inSikka• Athigherelevationscassavaiscultivatedwithinan agroforestrycroppingpattern
• Atlowerelevationscassavaisintercroppedwithmaizeandbeans
• Farmerscultivatecassavaforsubsistenceconsumption,tosellasafoodcrop,andforlivestockfeed
Cropping PatternsZone Cropping pattern
Higher elevation,inland
Cassavain agroforestysystemwithcoconut,cacao,cashew, tamarind,banana,lontarpalm,candlenut(kemiri),pepper,nutmeg(pala),mango,avocado,maize
Lower elevation,coastal
Cassavaintercropped withmaize andbeans
Cassavainagroforestrysystem
Cassavaincoastalintercroppingsystemwithmaizeandpigeonpea
Intercroppingtrialsincoastalzone
Cassava Production
• Theinputsusedincassavaproduction:– Stakes (frompreviousyear’scultivation)– Labour• householdlabour• mutualcooperationwithotherfarmers• hiredlabour
– Fertilizer• Mostfarmersdidnotusefertilizer• Someused subsidised fertilizerformaize
Cassavaproduction
• Mainpestiscassavamealybug- increasing
Cassava Utilisation
• Cassavamainlyusedasfood,whetherconsumedbyfarm-householdortradedinlocalmarkets
• Utilisationofcassava– 30%forhomeconsumption,includingfoodandlivestockfeed
– 20%solddirectlytolocalmarket– 50%soldtotraders
• Farmerssellcassavagraduallyinsmallquantities(about10-20bundles,1bundle =5-10kg)
• ThereisnostarchfactoryinSikkaRegency
0
50
100
150
200
250
TotalScore
HouseholdPreferencesforFoodSecurity
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180Cassava
Maize
Coconu
tMun
gBe
ans
Other
Fabric
Livestock
Cacao
Chesew
Peanut
Tham
arind
Enau
Banana
Cand
lenu
tCo
pra
Pumpkin
Mango
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
HouseholdPreferenceforIncome
LocalTextile(Tenun)
Conclusion• Cassavafarminghasan importantroleinfoodconsumptionandtradewithinSikka
• Farmersusecassavaforhomeconsumption,livestockfeed,andtrade
• Canimproveproductivityofcassavaasfoodcrop– improvedintercroppinginlow-elevationcoastalzone– new,high-yieldingsweetvarietiesforlocalconsumption– pestanddiseasemonitoringandcontrol(mealybug)– investigationofpossibleprocessingindustries(e.g.,MOCAF ?,livestockfeed?)
– Large-scalestarchprocessingunlikelytobeprofitable
Here’stoaprosperousfuture
