CELLULAR RESPIRATIONChemical Pathways
Chapter 9-1
http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg
___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food
AUTOTROPHShttp://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif
In the last chapter green plants used ________________ totrap energy from __________ and make ______________
sunlightfood (glucose)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif
In this chapter, we will learn how this glucose is ____________ by organisms and the _______ is stored as _______ in a process called___________________
What kind of organisms do this?
energybroken down
ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
________(Including _______)
ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY!
What kind of organisms do this?
plants fungi bacteria__________________ animalshumans
We get the energy the plants stored as glucose by _____________ directly or eating the _________ that ate the plants.
How do we get the sugar from the plants?
Image from: http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif http://www.cibike.org/Eating.htm
REMEMBER!
_______________ get their energy by eating other organisms.
HETEROTROPHS
eating plantsanimals
REMEMBER….
Area with gel-like material
inside cell membrane
surrounding mitochondria
= ______________________
Power plant of cell
that burns glucose
and stores the energy
as ATP
= _______________mitochondria
CYTOPLASM
Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html
http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg
MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plantSurrounded by ___________ membrane
Outer membrane & Inner membrane (called
_______________ )
Space between inner membrane & outer membrane
= ____________________
Space inside cristae folds
= _________________
CYTOPLASM surrounds mitochondria
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
DOUBLE
MATRIX
CRISTAE
All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs)use the _____________ tocharge up their _______
Image from: http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html
energy in foodATP
This process of releasing the
energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________
Image by Riedell Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe
ATPCELLULAR RESPIRATION
CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens __________ in ________________.
If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________!
http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif
slowly many steps
light and heat
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
___________ + _________ + ___________ →_______________ + __________6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6O2
_____________ + _________ →________ + __________ + __________
______________________________________________________________
CELLULAR RESPIRATIONC6H12O6 6O2
6 CO2 6 H2O
The two equations are exact opposites!
UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY
Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water 1◦ Celsius = _______________
Unit for measuring energy in food
= _______________
1 Calorie = _________ calories
Calorie
calorie
1000
http://www.raytechcatalog.com/images/products/mainstay_food_3600_nutrition.gif
http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/sftheory/images/boilingif
See glycolysis movie
The first step in cellular respiration = __________________
Glycolysis happens inthe ________________outside the mitochondria
GLYCOLYSIS
CYTOPLASM
Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ LYSIS= ___________ )
Glycolysis ____________________________BUT it needs some ____________to get it started.
What molecule do you think is going tosupply the energy do this?
split apart
DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN
ATP
sweet
ENERGY
________
↓___________ → → _____________
↓
____________________ + _______________
GLUCOSE
2 PYRUVIC ACID
PUT IN ________ and GET BACK __________ Net gain of ________ and __________
2 ATP’s 4 ATP’s
GLYCOLYSIS
2 ATP’s 2 NADH
ATP ATP ATP ATP NADH NADH
PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP
IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________)
IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________)
= ANAEROBIC
= AEROBIC
PYRUVIC ACID ___________ OXYGEN
2 kinds of fermentation
___________________ & _____________________
ANAEROBIC
Alcoholic Lactic acid
WITHOUT
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
PYRUVIC ACID
ALCOHOL
Happens when yeast makes bread dough riseCO2 bubbles make _____________ in bread
Alcohol _______________ during cooking
CO2 NAD+
http://www.deliciousdelicious.com/archives/herb%20bread%201.jpg
air spaces
evaporates
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
PYRUVIC ACID
ALCOHOL
Happens when___________ make _______
or
____________ make ______
CO2 NAD+
http://www.firstpath.com/images/alcohol.jpg
yeast beer
bacteria wine
_______ +_____ →______________ + ________
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
PYRUVIC ACID
LACTIC ACID
Happens in _____________ during ____________when body can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough.
Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness
NAD+
http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg
exercise
muscles
_______ +_____ →______________ + ________
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
PYRUVIC ACID
LACTIC ACID
Happens when bacteria are used to make __________and ____________ like: Yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut, pickles, cheesesour cream, & kimchi
NAD+
http://chronicle.augusta.com/images/headlines/032200/DANNON_YOGURT.jpghttp://www.reillydairy.com/natural_cheese.html
foodbeverages
WITHOUT OXYGEN, PYRUVIC ACID ___________ and all the _______ carriers get full.
Eventually glycolysis will
WHY DO FERMENTATION?WHY NOT JUST KEEP MAKING ATP USING GLYCOLYSIS?
builds up
NAD+
NAD+
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____
FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________ needed to keep glycolysis going
PYRUVIC ACID
ALCOHOL
→
CO2 NAD+
REGENERATE the NAD+
LACTIC ACID NAD+
→
You get the NAD+ carriers back
______
Flooded Corn Field
plants need ______________________ too. If plants seeds are under water 3 days or more, the seeds will die. If a plants roots are under water for 3 days or more, the plants will die.
By:http://skyways.lib.ks.us/towns/ElkCity/2007flood.html
Plants do
____________
but
photosynthesis
oxygen for cellular respiration
SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDSChapter 9 – Cellular Respiration:
The students will be able to• describe the process of cellular respiration (9-12.L.1.1)• identify the components of glycolysis (9-12.L.1.1)• compare the processes of alcoholic and pyruvic acid
fermentations (9-12.L.1.1)• analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes
involved in the Krebs Cycle (9-12.L.1.1)• explain the mitochondrial role in the ATP-ADP cycle
(9-12.L.1.1)• Assess the role of enzymes in plant reactions (LAB)
SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells.
• Photosynthesis and respirationATP-ADP energy cycle Role of enzymesMitochondriaChloroplasts
LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things
Core High School Life SciencePerformance Descriptors
High school students performing at the ADVANCED level:
analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes involved in the Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle;
predict the function of a given structure;
High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level:
describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (…role of enzymes)describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);
describe the relationship between structure and function
High school students performing at the BASIC level
name chemical reactions required to sustain life (… role of enzymes)name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);recognize that different structures perform different functions;
SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS
9-12.L.1.1A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS)
Examples: Krebs Cycle
LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things.