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Computer and
Internet Basics
Unit A
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Objectives
Introduce Application and SystemSoftware
Define Internet Basics
Connect to the Internet
Understand World Wide WebBasics
Use Browsers
Understand E-mail Basics
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A Computer is a device that
accepts input
processes data
stores data
produces output
(all according to a series of stored instructions)
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Computer Organization Vs
Architecture
Computer architecture refers to thoseattributes of system visible to programmer
i.e have direct impact on the logical
execution of a program the number of bits
used to represent data types
Computer organization refers to the
operational units and their
interconnections that realize thearchitectural specifications e.g memory
technology used
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Computer Structure Vs Computer
Function
Structure the way in whichcomponents are interrelated
Function the operation of each
individual component as part of
the structure
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Components of Computer system
Hardware:
microprocessor
Peripheral devices:
input and output
Software:programs
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Computer System
Computer + input devices + output devices + storage devices
Peripherals
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System Unit
Power Supply
Storage Devices
Circuit Boards
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Input/Output Devices
Monitor
Keyboard
MouseModem
Printer
scanners
Speakers/sound card
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Storage Devices
Floppy disk drive
Hard disk driveCD-ROM drive
DVD driveCD writer
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Computer Functions
Words, symbols, numbers, sound,pictures, program instructionsInput
Program calculates, sorts modifies data
Uses microprocessor or CPUProcess
Memory is temporary holding area (RAM)
Storage is permanent (disk)Store
Results of processing
Reports, graphs, documents, pictures
Printer or monitor
Output
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Categorizing Computers
Cost
Usage
Size
Capability
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Less Powerful Computers
Handheld computer/PDA
Videogame console
Sony PlayStation
PC/microcomputer
Workstations
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More Powerful Computers
Server Supplies network computers with data
Mainframe Large, expensive, powerful, many users
Reliability, data security, central control
important
Supercomputer Fastest and most powerful
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Computer Network
Two or more
computers that are
connected andshare data and
programs
LAN is a local area network
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Data vs. Information
Data (symbols) used by computers
Information (meaningful) used by people
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Data
Binary numbersystem to define
electronic data
0 or 1
Bit
Byte (8 bits)
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Platform
Mac and PC compatibility is an
issueApple computer = Mac platform
Original IBM computer =
Windows or PC platform
Microprocessor + Operating system
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Application Software
Microsoft PowerPointMicrosoft Excel
Designedto carry out
a particular
task
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Internet Basics (Cyberspace)
Internet is acollection of local,
regional, national
and internationalcomputer networks
that are linked
together toexchange data and
distribute
processing tasks.
Req irements to connect to
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Requirements to connect to
Internet
Computer
ISP
Telecommunication linesModems
Internet software (web browser)
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Internet Terminology
Backbone: defines main Internetroutes Constructed and maintained by major
telecommunications companiesTCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet
Protocol
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Internet Terminology
Server software
IP Address: uniquenumber for each Internet
computerPackets: small chunks ofdata ready to travel theInternet
Router: helps send alongthe packets to correctdestination
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Internet Resources
E-commerce
WWW (the web)
Chat Groups
Telnet
Download Or Upload
Usenet
Internet Telephony
Instant Messaging
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Modem Internet Connections
Dial-up connection via modem(56K)
Cable modems Network card and cable modem required
Always-on and 25 times faster than dial-up
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Faster Internet Connections
ISDN (Integrated Services DigitalNetwork)
64K or 128K
Always-on and expensiveDSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and xDSL Up to 125 times faster than dialup
DSS (Digital Satellite Service) 500K
Need proximity to a telephone switching station
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World Wide Web Basics
Files interconnected via hypertext
Web pages make up a web site
Home PageLinks or hyperlinks
Web servers
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World Wide Web Basics
URL No spaces and Case sensitive
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTML (Hypertext MarkupLanguage) .htm or .html file extension
Document name
and filename
extension
Folder
name
Web
server
name
Web
protocol
standard
http://www.cnn.com/showbiz/movies.htm
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Using Browsers
Can type URLsHTML tags tell browser how to display webpage data
Back, forward and stop buttons
Setting a home pagePrint options
History list
Favorites and bookmarksEdit and Find
Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator
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Search Engines
Keywords
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E-mail Basics
Account = Mailbox
Message
AttachmentASCII vs HTML format
Netiquette
userid@computer
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E-mail System
E-mail serversStore-and-forward technology
Types POP (Post Office Protocol) used via ISP
IMAP (Internet Messaging Access
Protocol)
Web-based like Hotmail, Yahoomail, gmail
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Tutorial
Compare at least five commonsearch engines
Discuss the various types of System software
Application software
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Tutorial
1. Briefly explain how computers are usedin the following areas/sectors
Education
Engineering
Transport and Communication
Health
Recreation
2. Describe the various types ofcomputers according to their sizes.