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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Eukaryotic Cell StructuresStructures within a eukaryotic cell that performimportant cellular functions are known as
organelles.Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell intotwo major parts:
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Plant Cell
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (free)
Ribosome(attached)
Mitochondrion
Golgiapparatus
Vacuole
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smoothendoplasmicreticulum
Rough endoplasmicreticulum
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
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Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Ribosome (free)
Ribosome(attached)
Golgiapparatus
Mitochondrion
Roughendoplasmicreticulum
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Centrioles
Animal Cell
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Nucleus
What is the function of the nucleus?
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Nucleus
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
The nucleus contains nearly all the cell'sDNA and with it the coded instructionsfor making proteins and other importantmolecules.
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Nucleus
The Nucleus
Nucleolus Nuclear envelope
Nuclearpores
Chromatin
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes.
Ribosomes are small particles of RNA andprotein found throughout the cytoplasm.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
EndoplasmicReticulum
There are two types of ERrough and smooth.
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Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of closelyapposed membranes.
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Golgi Apparatus
What is the function of lysosomes?
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Vacuoles
In many plant cells thereis a single, large centralvacuole filled with liquid.
Vacuole
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Vacuoles
The paramecium containsa contractile vacuole
that pumps excess waterout of the cell.
Contractile vacuole
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is the function of the mitochondria?
2 E k i C ll S Mi h d i d Chl l
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Mitochondrion
Mitochondria
Found: All Eukaryotes
Function: Mitochondriaconvert the chemicalenergy stored in food intocompounds that are moreconvenient for the cell to
use.
7 2 E k i C ll S Mi h d i d Chl l
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is the function of chloroplasts?
7 2 E k ti C ll St t Mit h d i d Chl l t
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
ChloroplastChloroplasts
Found: Only organismsthat do photosynthesissuch as plants and algae.
Function: Chloroplastscapture energy fromsunlight and convert it into
chemical energy in aprocess calledphotosynthesis.
7 2 E k ti C ll St t C t k l t
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Cytoskeleton
What are the functions of the
cytoskeleton?
7 2 E k ti C ll St t C t k l t
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Cytoskeleton
Functions of the Cytoskeleton:
Keeping Cell Shape
Movement within the Cell
The cytoskeleton is made up of:
microfilaments
microtubules
7 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton
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Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes Mitochondrion
Endoplasmicreticulum
Cell membrane
Microtubule
Microfilament
7 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton
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Cytoskeleton
Centrioles are located near the nucleus and help toorganize cell division.
Cell Organelle Interactive
Plant and Animal Model Interactive
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7-2
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7-2
In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visibleas
a. a dense region called the nucleolus.
b. the nuclear envelope.c. granular material called chromatin.
d. condensed bodies called chloroplasts.
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7-2
Two functions of vacuoles are storing materialsand helping to
a. break down organelles.
b. assemble proteins.c. maintain homeostasis.
d. make new organelles.
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7-2
Chloroplasts are found in the cells of
a. plants only.
b. plants and some other organisms.
c. all eukaryotes.
d. most prokaryotes.
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7-2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the
Golgi apparatus?
a. synthesize proteins.
b. modify proteins.c. sort proteins.
d. package proteins.
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7-2
Which of the following is a function of the
cytoskeleton?
a. manufactures new cell organelles
b. assists in movement of some cells from oneplace to another
c. releases energy in cells
d. modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
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