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Citywide Inclusive Sanitation in Practice
Martin Gambrill
Nairobi, February 2018
The Sanitation Service Chain
TreatmentEnd-use/
DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Service Delivery Institutions, Financing & Regulation
CAESB – Brasilia, Brazil
2
TreatmentEnd-use/
DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Sewerage network
CAESB has overall responsibility
Condominial sewersHousehold
Close coordination/
participation
WWTPReceiving body
of water
ADASA, The Regulatory Agency for Water and Wastewater of the Federal District
WSS Tariffs and Wastewater Effluent Discharge Standards
Aguatuya – Cochabamba, Bolivia
6
TreatmentEnd-use/
DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Recycled
water
Farmer
UDDT
Household
Collection and treatment (trucks and FSTP) Agriculture
Aguatuya provides technical assistance, control and monitoring
as well as integrated solid waste services
Simplified sewer networkDecentralized
WWTP
Aguatuya
Coordination with Municipal WSS Service Providers
Service provider Farmer
Maynilad/Manila Water – Manila, The Philippines
9
TreatmentEnd-use/
DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Metropolitan and Waterworks and Sewerage System regulates
Septic tank
Sewerage network WWTP
Household Maynilad/Manila Water (private utilities)
Vacuum Tank
UnitsTrucks FSTP
Receiving body
of water
Treated FS
Farmer
Oversight/quality control by:
Laguna Lake Development Authority; Department of Environment and Natural Resources
National Water Resources Board; Department of Health
Per City, Municipal Health Department
Manila Water
Maynilad
ST Under the Sink
ST in the Garage
eThekwini Water and Sanitation – Durban, South Africa
12
TreatmentEnd-use/
DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment
EWS has overall responsibility
Sewerage network
Centralized
WWTP
Decentralized
WWTP
VIP/UDDT
Latrines
Household Private contractor
Manual + Trucks
EWS
LaDePa,
BSF…
Pellets,
protein…
Farmer
Ministry regulates
ONAS – Dakar, Senegal
15
TreatmentEnd-use/
DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment
Septic tank
Sewerage network WWTP
Household
ONAS
Vacuum Trucks FSTP
Submarine
outfall
Treated FS/
Water
ONAS
Oversight/quality control by:
Performance contract with the Ministry of Water and Sanitation serves as regulatory framework
ONAS plays a regulator role with private sector
Latrine
Pit emptiers
Licensing
Guarantee Fund
Private sector
Manual emptying / cover and store
Dakar, Senegal.
TreatEnd-use/
DisposalConvey
Empty/
RemoveContain
Septic tank
Sewerage network WWTP
ONAS
Submarine
outfall
Latrine
Service
Function
SS Tech
Mode
Service
Authority
Fin/Service
Provider
Primary
Regulator
Pipe
>10m
Public Finance / Utility Service
NSS Tech
Mode
Fin/Service
Provider
Service
Authority
Primary
Regulator
Vacuum Truck FSTP Farmers/OP
HH
Manual Emptying ---------- ------------------
Ministry of Water and Sanitation (no indy regulator?)
HH Finance / Open Market Formal or Informal Providers ONAS / PPP
ONAS
ONAS (+ some licensing, mkt coordination)
---------------
Ministry of Wat/San
Dakar Onsite Sanitation Chain
19
There is no one size fits all for service delivery
WCSewerage network
Pumping stations
Sewage treatment
works
End-use/
Disposal
Simplified or Conventional Sewerage
MDGs SDGs
Non-networked Systems
Latrine
or
septic tank
Vacuum truckTreatment
plant End-use/
disposal
Primary
emptyingTransfer
Safely covered and replaced in new location
TreatmentEnd-use/
DisposalConveyanceEmptyingContainment
Container-
Based
Sanitation
TreatmentEnd-use/
disposalCollection Transport
Examples of Citywide Inclusive Sanitation
• Brasília, Brazil
• Durban, South Africa
• Manila, The Philippines
• Cochabamba, Bolivia
• Container Based Sanitation, Kenya and Haiti
• UDDTs, El Alto, Bolivia
• Connecting the Unconnected, Colombia and Brazil
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2017/11/17/world-toilet-day-2017
20
www.worldbank.org/water | www.blogs.worldbank.org/water | @WorldBankWater
Thank you!