• Time Invariant Parameter / Time Variant Parameter
• Lumped Parameter / Distributed Parameter
• Continuous time / Discrete time
• Analog / Digital
Systems involved
Electrical
Mechanical
Electromechanical
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Thermal
Chemical
Non – Engineering
Mathematical Modeling
• Understand the concept
• Verbal description
• Physical diagram
• Block diagram or Signal flow graph
• Mathematical equations
• Transfer Function (Laplace Transforms)
• Measurement of parameters
SISO System in Transform Domain
A Transfer Function is the ratio of the output of a system to the input of a system, in the Laplace domain considering its initial conditions and equilibrium point to be zero.